郑州市城市绿地人工群落调查及物种多样性分析

以郑州市公园绿地、附属绿地中的120个人工植物群落为研究对象,调查其群落结构和物种多样性,利用Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数对郑州市城市绿地人工群落的物种多样性进行研究,结果表明郑州市城市绿地人工群落的丰富度指数均处于较高水平,植物多样性丰富,其中公园绿地丰富度指数最高,道路附属绿地次之,社区附属绿地最低。     

全球变暖背景下中国北方沙尘暴变化及其对黄土高原成壤的影响研究

黄土的风成说表明粉尘黄土沉积及其成壤与沙尘暴之间存在着密切的联系,作为粉尘搬运的典型:沙尘暴是一种在强冷空气条件下粉尘快速而大规模被搬运和沉降事件,而长时间尺度的沙尘暴事件受全球气候变化的控制和影响;同时,沙尘暴发生的频次和强度变化进而会影响黄土高原地区的黄土粉尘沉积及其成壤强度的变化。本文是在考察中国北方沙尘暴成因机制与黄土高原粉尘沉积和成壤之间关系的基础上,探讨了在全球持续变暖背景下中国北方沙尘暴的发生频次变化及其对黄土高原地区粉尘沉积和成壤强度的可能影响。主要结论是:在全球持续变暖的背景下,虽然粉尘沉积区的降水并没有显著增加,但粉尘源区气候趋于暖湿化,导致中国北方沙尘暴有逐年减少的趋势,使得黄土高原粉尘堆积的速率减小,因而,黄土高原地区将进入一个成壤相对强的时期。     

Evaluation of the combination of 1,3-dichloropropene and dazomet as an efficient alternative to methyl bromide for cucumber production in China

BACKGROUND: The combination of 1,3‐dichloropropene (1,3‐D) and dazomet (DZ) offers a potential alternative to methyl bromide (MB) for soil disinfection. MB is scheduled to be withdrawn from routine use by 2015 in developing countries. Combination treatments of 1,3‐D + DZ were evaluated in a laboratory study and in two commercial cucumber fields. RESULTS: Laboratory studies found that nearly all of the tested combinations of 1,3‐D and DZ displayed positive synergistic activity on root‐knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), two major soilborne fungi (Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp.) and the seeds of two major weed species (Digitaria sanguinalis and Abutilon theophrasti). Field trials revealed that the combination of 1,3‐D and DZ (at 10 + 25 g m^?2) successfully suppressed Meloidogyne spp. root galling, sharply reduced Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp. and maintained high cucumber yields. The combination treatment of 1,3‐D + DZ was more effective than 1,3‐D or DZ alone and provided results similar to methyl bromide with respect to pest control, plant mortality, plant height, yield and income. All of the treatments were significantly better than the non‐treated control. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the tested combination of 1,3‐D and DZ offers an efficient alternative to methyl bromide for cucumber production. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

The discovery of HNPC‐A3066: a novel strobilurin acaricide

BACKGROUND: Although more than ten strobilurin analogues have been commercialized since 1996 as fungicides, only one was available as an acaricide as of 2003. To search for novel strobilurin analogues with unique biological activities, a synthetic screening programme was carried out. RESULTS: Syntheses of compounds analogous to the commercialized fungicide metominostrobin and the acaricide fluacrypyrim led to the discovery of a lead compound, (E)‐2‐{2‐[[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl]phenyl}‐2‐(methoxyimino)‐N‐methylacetamide (3b), that showed moderate acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Koch. Compound 3b has a 3,5‐(CF₃)₂‐phenoxymethyl group instead of the unsubstituted phenoxy substituent in metominostrobin. Optimization of compound 3b was achieved by introducing an oxime ether bridge along with an alkylthio(alkyl) branch in place of the oxymethylene chain between two aromatic moieties, as well as by replacing the methoxyiminoacetamide group with a methoxyacrylate structure, leading to (E)‐ methyl 2‐{2‐[[[(Z)[1‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐2‐methylthioethylidene]amino]oxy] methyl]phenyl}‐3‐methoxyacrylate (6c) and (E)‐ methyl 2‐{2‐[[[(Z)[1‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐1‐methylthiomethylidene]amino]oxy]methyl]phenyl}‐3‐methoxyacrylate (9a, HNPC‐A3066). CONCLUSION: The above two compounds (6c, 9a) were shown to exhibit potent acaricidal and fungicidal activity. Compound 9a (HNPC‐A3066) also exhibits larvicidal and ovicidal activities against various acarids. The acaricidal potency is comparable with those of commercial acaricides such as fluacrypyrim, tebufenpyrad and chlorfenapyr. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

21 世纪的农业水土工程

介绍了农业水土工程学科的历史和形成过程,分析其在我国农业可持续发展中的地位和作用,提出了２１世纪中国农业水土工程学科需要解决的关键科技问题,探讨其在基础理论,应用持等方面的发展趋势。     

凤庆茶叶种植与混林茶园生态系统研究

中国云南是世界茶树的原产地,而云南省凤庆县又是滇红的诞生地,具有悠久的茶树栽培种植历史,其混林茶园生态系统也具有较高的研究价值。本文通过对其茶叶种植史和混林茶园生态系统进行梳理和研究,厘清凤庆县茶叶种植的历史发展脉络,挖掘凤庆混林茶园生态系统的优势及其应用价值。     

龙井茶适制茶树品种多性状综合评价——基于多元统计分析

确定适宜加工龙井茶的茶树品种的多性状评价指标,建立龙井茶适制品种农艺性状的综合评价体系,为鉴定筛选优良龙井茶适制品种或资源提供技术支撑。对浙江省15份主要栽培茶树品种（系）的芽叶长宽比、百芽重、展叶角度、亮度值(L)、红绿属性(a)、黄蓝属性(b)、色彩饱和度(C)、氨基酸、茶多酚、水浸出物、咖啡碱、酚氨比、外形、汤色、香气、滋味和叶底17项农艺性状进行综合比较,并联合使用主成分分析、聚类分析和层次分析对茶树品种（系）的龙井茶适制性进行综合评价。17项农艺性状的平均变异系数为12.05%,百芽重的变异系数最大(28.15%),叶底的变异系数最小(0.86%),适制龙井茶农艺性状变量间既相对独立又密切相关,应用主成分分析法,将17个评价指标压缩成6个综合指标,经过分析6个主成分函数式中的17项农艺性状系数,可以将17项农艺性状分为外形因子、内质因子、感官因子3个主要指标,这3个主要指标可以较准确地评价龙井茶适制品种,其中芽叶长宽比、a值、茶多酚、酚氨比、外形、香气和汤色是主要性状。采用聚类分析,可以将15个品种分为2个大的类群,采用层次分析可以将茶树品种采制龙井茶的适宜性进行综合排序。采用多元统计分析中的主成分分析和聚类分析对15份茶叶品种的17项农艺性状进行龙井茶适制性综合评价是可行的,结合层次分析可以得到更加准确的排序,可以从不同角度进行较全面客观评价,为龙井茶适制品种的选育提供参考。     

番茄黄化曲叶病毒病研究进展

从以下几个方面系统地综述了国内外番茄黄化曲叶病毒病(TYLCV)的研究现状,包括黄化曲叶病毒的生物学特征、不同国家发生的黄化曲叶病毒种类、黄化曲叶病病征及该病的发病特点、流行规律、常用及主要的诊断方法、目前主要的防治技术.着重介绍了当前该病在中国各地区的分布及危害情况,并对番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的研究方向做了展望.