TFSQ型高效环保组合式粮食杂质清理筛的研制

通过对振动筛理、垂直风选、旋风分离与沉降系统的研究,研制出集振动筛理、风选、旋风分离沉降、含尘气流循环再利用为一体的TFSQ型高效环保组合式粮食杂质清理筛。经应用测试和专家鉴定:该设备具有清理效率高、清理过程粉尘污染小,使用维护方便、可靠性强等优点,具有广阔的市场推广前景。     

Increasing selenium supply during the close-up dry period improves nutrient metabolism and attenuates inflammatory response after calving in dairy cows

The objective of this study was to investigate whether feeding selenium (Se)-replete cows a Se-yeast supplement in late pregnancy affects nutrient metabolism and inflammatory response during the periparturient period. Twenty cows were randomly assigned to two groups with 10 cows each. Cows in one group received Se-yeast at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM during the last 4 weeks before calving in addition to fed a TMR containing supplemented sodium selenite at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (Se-yeast), while cows in another group were only fed a TMR containing supplemented sodium selenite at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (Control). Blood samples were collected and analyzed for nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), glucose, insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), and albumin. In control cows, plasma NEFA, IL-1β, IL-6, SAA, and Hp levels increased after calving, but glucose, insulin, and albumin levels decreased after parturition. Se-yeast supplemental cows had lower postpartum concentrations of NEFA, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, SAA, and Hp, and higher postpartum levels of glucose, insulin, and albumin compared with control cows. The results indicate that feeding Se-replete cows a Se-yeast supplement in late pregnancy improves nutrient metabolism and attenuates the inflammatory response after calving.     

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Lipid Metabolism Signaling Pathways between Muscle and Fat Tissues in Broiler Chickens

In this study, signaling pathways and key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in muscle and fat tissues were investigated. Muscle and abdominal fat tissues were obtained from 35-day-old female broilers for RNA sequencing. DEGs between muscle and fat tissues were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. A total of 6130 DEGs were identified to be significantly enriched in 365 GO terms, most of which were involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions in muscle and fat tissues. Three important lipid signaling pathways (pyruvate metabolism, the insulin signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway) were identified among the fat and muscle tissues of broilers. The key common DEGs in these pathways included phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 alpha and beta (ACACA and ACACB), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gene family. Hence, our findings revealed the pathways and key genes and gene families involved in the regulation of fat deposition in the muscle and fat tissues of broilers.     

产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌科细菌检测方法研究进展

抗生素的不合理使用使得细菌耐药性快速产生及传播，细菌耐药性已然成为重大公共卫生问题。碳青霉烯类抗生素在临床治疗中表现良好，常作为治疗多重耐药菌感染的最后一道防线，碳青霉烯耐药菌的出现对公共卫生安全产生了极大的威胁。产碳青霉烯酶是碳青霉烯耐药菌耐药的主要机制，因此，对产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌科细菌的检测至关重要。目前，对于碳青霉烯酶的检测手段以表型检测和分子生物学检测方法为主。表型检测一般易于操作，成本低廉，便于在临床进行，但在检测效率和检测用时方面差强人意。分子生物学及其他新型技术在保持高特异性和敏感性的基础上能做到快速、高通量检测，但试验检测的成本高，需专业设备和人员，部分技术在碳青霉烯酶检测领域仍有待开发。当前，多种碳青霉烯酶的检测方法可针对不同的需求和目的，并没有一项检测能满足所有情况。进行检测时，试验所需时间、操作难度、经济成本等都需列入考量，应根据实际情况选择合适的检测方法。笔者通过结合当前背景，归纳总结产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌科细菌的检测方法，从试验特异性与敏感性、可操作性、检测时间、试验成本等方面分析比较各个方法特点，以期为之后新的检测方法的开发及现有方法的改良研究提供切入点，为临床监测与检测方案的制定和实行提供思路。     

青海湖裸鲤TOB1和TOB2基因的克隆与表达分析

【目的】对青海湖裸鲤TOB1和TOB2基因进行克隆及表达分析,为揭示其在青海湖裸鲤生长和生理过程中的作用奠定基础。【方法】采用PCR和RACE技术克隆青海湖裸鲤中TOB1和TOB2基因的cDNA全长序列,对其特性进行了生物信息学分析。以β-actin为内参基因,采用实时荧光定量PCR法(qRT-PCR)检测TOB1和TOB2基因在3龄成鱼肾脏、肠、鳃、脑、心脏、肌肉等组织及发育12,72,120,168,216 h胚胎中的表达水平。【结果】青海湖裸鲤TOB1 cDNA全长为1 734 bp,5′非编码区为466 bp,3′非编码区为296 bp,开放阅读框长972 bp,编码323个氨基酸。TOB2 cDNA全长为2 785 bp,5′非编码区为51 bp,3′非编码区为1 582 bp,开放阅读框为1 152 bp,编码383个氨基酸。TOB1和TOB2在N端均具有明显的BTG家族结构域,且系统进化分析显示2个TOB蛋白与鲤科鱼类同源性较高,亲缘较近。qRT-PCR结果表明,TOB1和TOB2在3龄成鱼的肾脏、肠、鳃、脑、心脏、肌肉等组织中均有表达;TOB1在3龄成鱼的心脏组织中表达量最高,其次为脑和肌肉组织,在鳃组织中的表达量最低;TOB2在3龄成鱼的脑组织中表达量最高,其次为肌肉。TOB1及TOB2在不同发育时期胚胎中均有表达,且都在12 h胚胎中表达量最高。【结论】TOB1及TOB2在3龄成鱼各个组织及胚胎中均有表达,但表达量有较大差异,表明2个基因均具有时空表达特异性。     

硫酰氟熏蒸防治烟草甲的效果

研究不同浓度硫酰氟对片烟垛的熏蒸杀虫效果,并测定了不同仓库位置硫酰氟熏蒸浓度扩散变化情况。结果表明,片烟垛熏蒸使用15、20和25 g/m3的硫酰氟,熏蒸240 h,均可100%的杀灭各虫态烟草甲(Lasioderma serricorne);在硫酰氟整仓熏蒸22 h时,熏蒸浓度达到最大值,且各检测点浓度基本一致。     

卷烟感官评价三点检验Excel插件的设计和应用

为提高卷烟感官评价三点检验的易用性和实用性,采用Excel VBA设计三点检验Excel插件程序,随机生成样品编码,快速识别评价样品,自动统计分析结果,实现了卷烟感官的高效评价。     

我国竞技体育人才培养路径的协同机制研究*

体工队“三级训练网”、俱乐部、院校化是我国竞技体育人才培养的三个主要路径。研究运用文献研究、专家访谈等方法，解析各个培养路径的机制结构,分析不同培养路径的矛盾问题和解决思路，在培养主体、培养目标、人才输送三个方面提出我国竞技体育人才培养路径的协同机制。     

CITES公约中云南濒危管制木材树种资源概述

根据CITES公约附录保护与管制木材种类名录，对云南处于濒危管制的木材树种资源现状进行研究。结果表明，全省被列入CITES公约的木材共有8种（类），其中附录Ⅱ有5种（类），附录Ⅲ有3种（类）。     

Comparison of phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities in skins and pulps of eleven grape cultivars(Vitis vinifera L.)

Eleven grape cultivars were analysed to explore the variety differences of fresh grape phenolic profiles. The results showed that free phenolics were predominant in grape skins and pulps, and showed the higher antioxidant activities than bound. In 11 cultivars, Muscat Kyoho extracts had the highest total phenolic content in skins(10.525 mg GAE g~(–1) FW) and pulps(1.134 mg GAE g~(–1) FW), and exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavening capacity(EC_(50)=11.7 μg mL~(–1)) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC) value(190.57 μmol TE g~(–1) FW) of free phenolic in skin. In addition, the most abundant phenolics in grape skins were found to be flavonoids such as kaempferol in Kyoho skin(541.2 μg g~(–1) FW), rutin, catechin and epicatechin in Muscat Kyoho skin(262.3, 86.3 and 70.0 μg g~(–1) FW, respectively). Furthermore, the principal component analysis showed a strong difference of phenolic profiles with the cultivars, existing forms and distributions. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed a significant linear correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity(P0.05). Therefore, both skins and pulps were rich sources of bioactive phenolic compounds, and Muscat Kyoho was the ideal source among all samples.