PHYSIOLOGY OF WOODY PLANT UNDER SALT CONDITION

INTRODUCTIoNBccauscofthetvidespreadofsalinityinthct`or1d-plantsareincreasinglybeingsub-Jcctedtothcadverseconditions.Theimpactofcxccssivcsalinit)'onxvOodyplantSistvide-sprcadandcost-ald1ougl1rePOrtsontheseis-sucsarcnotasnumerousasthoseofagricuI-taralcrops(Alle11ctaI.l994).Sincclbrcstsarcanin1portantcomPoncntofthccontincntalccoIogY.-Fhc}pla}anil11portantrolci11stabi-Il,lllgdcgradatIol1i11so111ct'uInerablearcas.Solncsalttolcra11ttrccscangrot`ttclIinarcasx`llcrcagriculturaicropscalll1ot…     

813钻井泥浆稀释剂的研制与应用

本文介绍了以处理过的橡椀为原料,经抽出、磺化、络合……等加工而制成的一种石油、地质钻井泥浆处理剂——813稀释剂。先后试制了几批,证明工艺可行,操作方便,制品质量稳定。其化学组成与国内外铁铬木质素磺酸盐的红外光谱比较,几个主要基团的强吸收峰都极为近似。三年来,经中原油田试用了179吨,效果良好,抗盐、抗温性能均优于栲胶、磺甲基栲胶,与铁铬木质素磺酸盐相当。本品在稀释的同时有一定的降失水作用,可节省CMC用量;从而提高了钻井效率,降低泥浆成本,经济效益显著。     

漂白胶贮存性质的研究(一报)——漂白胶脱氯反应的研究

本文通过测定脱氯程度不同的漂白胶样品的结合氯含量、热寿命、软化点和颜色,研究了漂白胶脱氯反应的性质,结合氯含量与热寿命的关系以及软化点和颜色的变化规律。发现漂白胶的脱氯反应是一级反应,分为两段,前一段的反应常数为后一段的四倍,说明一部分氯容易脱除,而另一部分则比较难,后者留在漂白胶中对贮存性影响不大。此研究结果为解决漂白胶贮存性差这一难题提供了理论依据和基本途径。通过测定一批样品在多年存放期间热寿命的变化,证实了本研究结论的正确性。     

国产刚竹属植物初步整理

至20世纪70年代前,国产刚竹属植物计24种,在这之后依据国产刚竹属植物分类研究资料共发表刚竹属植物新种50个,其中有24个竹种学名先后被认定为无效发表或错误发表应予摒弃,2个新分布。经初步整理后的国产刚竹属植物计有50个。     

茶树2个MYB转录因子基因的克隆及表达分析

MYB类转录因子是一类包含一段保守的DNA结合结构域的基因家族,广泛地参与植物发育和植物次生代谢的调节。根据前期芯片杂交和文库筛选得到的2个MYB转录因子的部分序列,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术分离得到它们的全长基因:CsMYB1和CsMYB2,在GenBank的登录号分别为HQ660373和HQ660374。序列分析表明:CsMYB1基因全长1132bp,开放阅读框长879bp,编码292个氨基酸,推测的蛋白分子量约为32.9ku,理论等电点为8.13;CsMYB2基因全长1020bp,其中开放阅读框长675bp,编码224个氨基酸,推测的蛋白分子量约为25.4ku,理论等电点为9.05。2个基因编码的蛋白均具有明显的R2R3MYB结构域,且在R3结构域的下游都含有1个相对保守的C1(LIXXGIDPXTHR)基序。同源性分析表明:茶树CsMYB1和CsMYB2编码的氨基酸序列与其他植物的MYB类转录因子具有较高的相似性,其中CsMYB1编码的氨基酸序列与陆地棉MYB1的相似性为57%,CsMYB2编码的氨基酸序列与葡萄MYBC2的相似性为75%。利用荧光定量PCR技术检测2个转录因子基因在遮荫处理条件下的表达规律,及其在茶树不同组织中的表达特性,结果表明:CsMYB1和CsMYB2在不同组织中均有表达,但表达量具有明显区别,其中CsMYB2在叶片中的相对表达量是根中的100多倍;而遮荫处理能明显降低叶片中的花青素含量,并提高CsMYB1的表达,但对转录因子CsMYB2的影响不大。     

南昌市城市道路绿化现状及改进对策

分析了南昌市道路绿化现状,指出了南昌市城市道路绿化建设方面存在着道路绿化设计水平不高,树种、植被结构简单,养护管理不到位以及市民绿化意识低等一系列问题,有针对性地提出了相应的措施,为南昌市的道路绿化提供参考。     

肋果沙棘幼苗对CO2浓度升高的生理生态响应

通过测定CO2浓度倍增条件下肋果沙棘幼苗气体交换特征、水分利用效率、叶片性状和生长特性,研究青藏高原特有种肋果沙棘对大气CO2浓度升高的生理生态响应.结果表明:CO2浓度倍增可显著提高肋果沙棘幼苗的净光合速率、水分利用效率,促进幼苗营养器官(根、茎、叶)生物量和总生物量的积累,且肋果沙棘趋于向地上部分(尤其是茎)分配更多的干物质.CO2浓度倍增使肋果沙棘幼苗比叶面积、平均单叶面积、叶片氮含量分别降低27％,33％和41％,碳氮比增加73％,而叶片碳含量无显著影响.CO2浓度升高条件下肋果沙棘幼苗不仅通过增加光合能力、水分利用效率和生物量累积产生明显的“施肥效应”,而且通过降低比叶面积、平均单叶面积和叶片氮含量表现出较强的下调适应能力,进而有利于其应对更为复杂的生存环境.     

Positive nitrogen balance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acacia mangium</Emphasis> woodlots as fallows in the Philippines based on <Superscript>15</Superscript>N natural abundance data of N<Subscript>2</Subscript> fixation

Nitrogen inputs from biological nitrogen fixation contribute to productivity and sustainability of agroforestry systems but they need to be able to offset export of N when trees are harvested. This study assessed magnitudes of biological nitrogen fixation (natural ¹⁵N abundance) and N balance of Acacia mangium woodlots grown in farmer’s fields, and determined if N₂ fixation capacity was affected by tree age. Tree biomass, standing litter, understory vegetation and soil samplings were conducted in 15 farmer’s fields growing A. mangium as a form of sequential agroforestry in Claveria, Misamis Oriental, Philippines. The trees corresponded to ages of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 years, and were replicated three times. Samples from different plant parts and soils (0–100 cm) were collected and analyzed for δ¹⁵N and nutrients. The B-value, needed as a reference of isotopic discrimination when fully reliant on atmospheric N, was generated by growing A. mangium in an N₂-free sand culture in the glasshouse. Isotopic discrimination occurring during N₂ fixation and metabolic processes indicated variation of δ¹⁵N values in the order of nodules > old leaves > young leaves > stems > litterfall and roots of the trees grown in the field, with values ranging from −0.8 to 3.5‰ except nodules which were enriched and significantly different from other plant parts (P < 0.0001). Isotopic discrimination was not affected by tree age (P > 0.05). Plants grown in N free sand culture exhibited the same pattern of isotopic discrimination as plants grown in the field. The estimated B-value for the whole plant of A. mangium was −0.86‰. Mature tree stands of 12 years accumulated up to 1994 kg N ha⁻¹ in aboveground biomass. Average proportion of N derived from N₂ fixation of A. mangium was 54% (±22) and was not affected by age (P > 0.05). Average yearly quantities of N₂ fixed were 128 kg N ha⁻¹ in above-ground biomass amounting to 1208 kg N fixed ha⁻¹ over 12 years. Harvest of 12-year old trees removed approximately 91% of standing aboveground biomass from the site as timber and fuel wood. The resulting net N balance was +151 kg N ha⁻¹ derived from remaining leaves, twigs, standing litter, and +562 kg N ha⁻¹ when tree roots were included in the calculation. The fast growing A. mangium appears to be a viable fallow option for managing N in these systems. However, other nutrients have to be replaced by using part of the timber and fuel wood sales to compensate for large amounts of nutrient removed in order for the system to be sustainable.     

Achieving food and nutritional security through agroforestry: a case of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Faidherbia albida</Emphasis> in sub-Saharan Africa

Faidherbia albida is an ideal agroforestry tree commonly intercropped with annual crops like millet and groundnuts in the dry and densely populated areas of Africa. With its peculiar reverse phenology, it makes growth demands at a different time from that of crops. In addition, it deposits great amount of organic fertilizer on food crops. Leaves entering soils are comparable to fertilization of almost 50 t·ha 1 ·year 1 of manure in dense stands of 50 large trees per ha. These nutrients help maximize agricultural production and reduce the need for a fallow period on poorer soils. Research has shown that millet grown under F. albida yielded 2.5 and 3.4 fold increases in grain and protein, respectively. Animals eat pods which contain mean amounts of crude protein of 20.63% and carbohydrate of 40.1% in seeds. Moreover, the continued existence of F. albida in agroforestry parklands as in Ethiopia and Mali signifies the success of traditional conservation measures. Modern scientists have also developed much interest in the role of agroforestry in maintaining long-term biological balance between agriculture and livestock production systems. To ensure food security, which still remains a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, and concurrently minimize environmental degradation, promotion of agroforestry that specifically involves indigenous trees is crucial. We discuss the prospective role of F. albida in alleviating poverty while simultaneously protecting the environment from factors associated with, for example, deforestation and loss of biodiversity. The overall aim is to promote wide-scale adoption of F. albida as a valuable tree crop in farming systems, particularly in those areas where it remains unexploited.     

Evaluating the durability of wood-based panels using internal bond strength results from accelerated aging treatments

In this study, the durability of wood-based panels was evaluated by comparing the internal bond (IB) strength retention after five different laboratory-based accelerated aging tests with the IB retention after 5 years of outdoor exposure in Shizuoka City. In each accelerated aging test, the IB retention of MDI-bonded panels showed high retention compared to other panels. Outdoor exposure in Shizuoka City resulted in an IB retention value for particleboard (PF) and oriented strandboard (aspen) of less than 10% after the 5-year exposure period. Medium-density fiberboards maintained their initial IB strength over the same period. Calculation of the mean IB retention for all board types allowed comparison of the severity of aging between the accelerated test methods and outdoor exposure. The ASTM six-cycle test method was the most severe among the standard treatment cycles applied.