乳山湾东流区营养状况时,空变化及其评价

有机污染在时间上的变化为，7月前呈有机污染不断加剧的过程，到7月整个东流区均达到严重污染水平；7月后是污染程度逐渐减轻的过程，到9月整个东流区水质恢复到较好水平。有机污染程度在空间上的变化是从湾外向湾内逐渐加剧趋势。6、7和8月整个东流区均达到富营养化水平，但富营养化的程度有所不同，7月富营养化程度最严重，8月较7月减轻，到9月湾内基本恢复正常。与1994年8月比较，1995年8月东流区有机污染和富营养化程度有所加剧。     

Heritability of juvenile growth traits in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus L.)

Heritability of juvenile growth rate was estimated for red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), an economically important sciaenid fish in the southern USA. Thirty‐eight families were generated via ‘natural’ spawning of multiple sets of five breeders (three dams × two sires) in individual brood tanks. Offspring were individually tagged with Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags and mixed for grow‐out in replicate ‘common‐garden’ tanks. Juvenile growth was followed from 166.4±18.6 to 254.0±27.0 mm (total length). Offspring were assigned a posteriori to individual brood fish (dam and sire) based on genotypes at nuclear‐encoded microsatellites. Heritability (h²) of a thermal growth coefficient was estimated using an animal‐additive model and a restricted maximum‐likelihood algorithm. Estimates of h² were 0.33±0.08 and 0.31±0.08 for thermal growth coefficient based on length and weight respectively. These results indicate a significant genetic component in juvenile growth rate in red drum. Estimates of h² for condition coefficient (K) at various measurement dates averaged 0.38, suggesting a genetic component to shape in juvenile red drum.     

秋冬季黄东海区影响鳀鱼行动分布的三大水系变化特征

依据中国和挪威联合进行的黄东海渔业资源声学评估调查资料，并结合历史研究成果，分析了对鱼行动分布有着显著影响的三大水系（黄海冷水团、黄海暖流和苏北沿岸冷水）的变化特征。结果表明，三大水系均具有明显的年际变化。（1）黄海冷水团的温盐性质比较稳定，但其相对体积强年（1986年11月）约为弱年（985年11月）的144倍；（2）黄海暖流的流速强年（1986年1月）约为弱年（1992年正月）的1．21倍；（3）苏北沿岸冷水以3月份势力最强，其强度1985年1月大于1986年1月。     

Differential distribution and response to experimental sexual maturation of two forms of brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the European eel,Anguilla anguilla

Using specific radioimmunoassays for the two GnRH molecular forms present in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla, (mGnRH and cGnRH II), we compared their distributions in the pituitary and different parts of the brain of female silver eels, as well as the modifications of their levels in experimentally matured female eels (treated with carp pituitary extract). In control eels, mGnRH levels were higher than cGnRH II levels in the pituitary, olfactory lobes and telencephalon, di- and mesencephalon, while the opposite was found in the posterior part of the brain (met- and myelencephalon). Experimental sexual maturation of the gonads significantly increased mGnRH levels in the pituitary and anterior parts of the brain; such a positive effect was not observed on the low cGnRH II levels, which were, in contrast, reduced. These data indicate that the positive feedback of gonadal hormones on GnRH, that we previously demonstrated, would specifically affect the mGnRH form. The differential distribution and control of mGnRH and cGnRH II suggest that these two forms have different physiological roles in the eel. The large increase in mGnRH during sexual maturation suggests the prime implication of this form in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction.     

河道网箱养殖花鲢试验

在臻头河下游放置规格为9米×9米×2.5米的网箱养殖花鲢,每箱投放规格为400～600g/尾的大规格鱼种1500尾,经7个月的养殖,10个网箱共产花鲢35880公斤,规格2.6公斤/尾。投入产出比1∶2.5。     

污染物对对虾(Penaeid Shrimp)的影响研究进展

随着养殖污染的加剧,虾病频发。为了降低污染物的影响程度,实施可持续发展战略,本文综述了氮磷、重金属、添加剂、化学消毒剂和塑料制品等污染物对对虾影响的研究概况。     

Nucleotide sequence and mRNA expression analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">β</Emphasis>-actin gene in the orange-spotted grouper <Emphasis Type="Italic">Epinephelus coioides</Emphasis>

The full-length cDNA, encoding the orange-spotted grouper β-actin and spanning 1920 bp including a poly (A) tail, was cloned from its brain cDNA library. The open reading frame encodes a protein of 375 amino acids. Sequence analysis indicated that it contained the typical structural features of cytoplasmic actins, and showed higher homology with other vertebrate β-actin than any other members of the actin family. The partial genomic sequence indicated that the organization of the β-actin gene in the orange-spotted grouper might also be conserved. Northern blot analysis indicated that it was expressed at high levels in the brain, spleen, adipose tissue, ovary, and liver, but at low levels in the gill filament and heart, and at a very low level in the kidney. The expression of β-actin gene in the skeletal muscle was barely detectable. These results indicated that the expression of the orange-spotted grouper β-actin gene showed significant variation in different tissues. Therefore, caution should be taken when using β-actin gene as an internal control in the normalization of gene expression among tissues. Whereas, semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that treatment with 17α–methyltestosterone (MT) had little effect on the mRNA expression of β-actin gene in the in vitro incubated hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary fragments of the orange-spotted grouper, suggesting β-actin can be used as an internal control for RT-PCR analysis of MT effects on gene expression in these tissues.     

2012年莱西市奶牛布鲁氏菌病血清学调查和风险因素分析

[目的]估计莱西市奶牛布鲁氏菌病的流行率和地理分布,分析奶牛养殖场间布鲁氏菌病的传播风险因素。[方法]对莱西市1803个养殖户30119头应检奶牛,全部采样,采用虎红平板凝集和试管凝集垂直试验,同时开展奶牛布鲁氏菌病问卷调查。利用GIS、Epi Infor TM 7和SPASS软件,开展横断面研究和case-control研究,分析莱西市奶牛布鲁氏菌病阳性场户的空间分布、布鲁氏菌病流行率和养殖场间的风险因素分析。[结果]莱西市布鲁氏菌病的场户血清流行率是2.55%,个体血清流行率为0.38%;单因素分析发现存栏量、养殖模式、养殖环境、是否有专用产犊场地、挤奶方式、运奶方式、粪污是否分开处理、是否使用机械处理粪便等8个因素与奶牛布鲁氏菌病发生有一定关系（p<0.2）;多因素logistic回归分析表明,存栏量少（10只以下）（OR=4.58,95%CI：1.87-11.23,p=0.001）和散养户集中村饲养（OR=2.21,95%CI：1.05-4.63,p=0.036）与该病发生相关。     

中国苹果气候区划方法研究进展

苹果气候区划可为气候资源高效利用、苹果种植区域的合理布局提供参考.从苹果气候区划指标选择方法及区划方法2个方面,综述了苹果气候区划的研究进展,并讨论了未来苹果区划的研究重点,可为开展苹果气候区划的指标及区划方法选择提供参考.目前的研究,主要采用统计学方法分析苹果品质指标和气象条件的关系筛选对苹果品质影响较大的因子作为区划指标,利用聚类分析或者模糊数学的方法对研究区域进行区划;应用GIS技术开展苹果精细化区划是未来的主要发展方向,按照苹果不同品种、熟性和苹果用途开展气候区划,是未来精细化区划的研究重点.