浙西南山区巨峰葡萄平棚避雨栽培病害发生及防治

总结浙西南山区巨峰葡萄平棚避雨栽培主要病害的发生规律,并提出防治措施。     

Effect of L-lysine Added in Diluent on the Fresh Semen Quality of Dorper Sheep

In order to explore the effect of different L-lysine levels added in semen dilution on the fresh Dorper sheep quality stored at liquid state,3 health Dorper ram were used to collect semen which were equal-packaged and added to solution containing different levels (0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 and 0.5 g) L-lysine in 120 mL diluent and at 0,6,24,30,48,54,72 and 78 h,the sperm motility,membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were detected.The results showed that the sperm motility in groups added 0,0.1 and 0.2 g L-lysine were higher than other groups,and that in 0.4 and 0.5 g L-lysine groups decreased faster than other groups;The sperm motility in 0.5 g L-lysine group reduced to 0 at 30 h,and it reduced to 0 at 48 h in the group added 0.4 g L-lysine;The effective survival time and survival index in the group added 0.1 g L-lysine was higher than other groups (P< 0.05);The membrane integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest,that had no significant difference with control group from 0 to 54 h (P >0.05),while after 72 h the two groups had significant differences (P< 0.05).The membrane integrity in 0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,and that was significant different with other groups (P< 0.05);The acrosome integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest which had no significant difference with control group (P >0.05),0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,the difference between them was not significant (P >0.05),while was extremely significant difference with other groups except for 0 and 6 h (P< 0.01).The results suggested that dilution added a high concentration of L-lysine could inhibit sperm quality,when the count of L-lysine was more than 0.2 g,sperm quality was significantly decreased,adding 0.1 g L-lysine could improve Dorper sheep fresh sperm quality stored at liquid state.     

感应热处理工艺对拖拉机轴类零件扭转强度的影响

对驱动轮工艺轴进行了7种工艺方案的感应热处理表面强化,然后对工艺轴进行扭转破坏试验。通过对驱动轮工艺轴扭转断裂的研究,为驱动轮轴及承受扭力的轴类零件结构设计、工艺流程设计和热处理技术要求提供指导,从而提高其扭转疲劳强度和使用寿命。     

甲壳素对连作平邑甜茶生长、光合及抗氧化酶的影响

以苹果连作土盆栽的平邑甜茶幼苗为试材,探讨了0、0.5、1.0和2.5 g·kg-1不同施入量的甲壳素对其光合速率、活性氧含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,1.0 g·kg-1的甲壳素处理能显著促进幼苗株高、地径,干样质量和根冠比的增加,根冠比为对照的1.51倍;明显提高了幼苗叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率,其中光合速率为对照的1.30倍;同时提高了幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性,分别为对照的1.10倍、1.85倍、1.77倍和1.43倍;减少了叶片丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和超氧阴离子的积累,分别为对照的73%、62%和34%,降低了脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖含量。当甲壳素施用量为2.5 g·kg-1时则显著抑制平邑甜茶幼苗生长,降低幼苗叶片光合速率和抗氧化酶活性,并使超氧阴离子和脯氨酸含量明显上升。因此,适宜用量的甲壳素能减轻苹果的连作障碍。     

苗盘烟雾消毒方法对烤烟苗盘处理效果研究

为了验证苗盘烟雾消毒方法对烤烟苗盘的处理效果和安全性,试验设计了常规高锰酸钾消毒和苗盘烟雾消毒2种方法,结果表明:苗盘烟雾消毒方法省工省时,药剂用量和耗水量少,对烤烟苗盘有着较好的消毒效果,且对烟苗生长没有负面作用。     

Analysis of the independent-and interactive-photo-thermal effects on soybean flowering

Soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) is a typical short-day and warm season plant, and the interval between emergence and flowering has long been known to be regulated by environmental factors, primarily photoperiod and temperature. While the effects of photoperiod and temperature on soybean flowering have been extensively studied, a dissection of the component photo-thermal effects has not been documented for Chinese germplasm. Our objective of the current study was to evaluate the independent- and interactive-photo-thermal responses of 71 cultivars from 6 ecotypes spanning the soybean production regions in China. These cultivars were subjected in pot experiments to different temperature regimes by planting in spring(low temperature(LT)) and summer(high temperature(HT)), and integrating with short day(SD, 12 h), natural day(ND, variable day-length), and long day(LD, 16 h) treatments over two years. The duration of the vegetative phase from emergence to first bloom(R1) was recorded, and the photo-thermal response was calculated. The outcome of this characterization led to the following conclusions:(1) There were significant differences in photo-thermal response among the different ecotypes. High-latitude ecotypes were less sensitive to the independent- and interactive-photo-thermal effects than low-latitude ecotypes; and(2) there was an interaction between photoperiod and temperature, with the effect of photoperiod on thermal sensitivity being greater under the LD than the SD condition, and with the effect of temperature on photoperiodic sensitivity being greater under the LT than the HT condition. The strengths and limitations of this study are discussed in terms of implications for current knowledge and future research directions. The study provides better understanding of photo-thermal effects on flowering in soybean genotypes from different ecotypes throughout China and of the implications for their adaptation more broadly.     

黄花蒿提取物对菜蚜的杀虫活性研究

以丙酮、乙醇及水作溶剂，研究了黄花蒿全株干粉的3种溶剂提取物及其提取物不同浓度对菜蚜的触杀和胃毒活性。结果表明3种提取物对蚜虫都具有较强的毒杀活性，回归分析表明随着浓度升高杀虫时间缩短。LD50结果说明丙酮提取物的杀虫活性最强，乙醇提取物次之，最次是水提取物。独立样本t检验比较触杀效果和胃毒效果，表明黄花蒿各提取物均是触杀效果高于胃毒作用。     

高贵化回交育种技术在凉蔗2号遗传亲系中的应用探讨

凉蔗2号亲系广泛应用高贵化杂交育种方法,引入异质血缘多次回交,打破连锁遗传,重组有利基因,促进血缘多样化,实现超亲。进行凉蔗2号亲系遗传高贵化杂交技术研究,有利于为凉蔗2号用作广亲和力亲本,实施远缘杂交制种工作提供有益借鉴。     

国外生猪育种体系简析及对我国生猪育种的几点思考

选择是生猪育种的核心,而准确地选择和选种依赖于完善和成熟的育种体系。国际养猪发达国家(国际育种企业)对育种体系不断完善,长期进行生长、繁殖和肉品质等各类性状的表型测定,运用多场联合评估和基因组选择等方法不断提高遗传评估的准确性,不断挖掘新的育种性状,并进行测定、评估和选育,实现了种猪群体持续的遗传改良和综合性能的不断提升。本文对欧美发达国家(国际育种企业)的生猪育种技术体系进行了综述,以期为我国的生猪育种工作提供参考,并促进我国生猪种业的创新发展。     

黑暗处理对百里香挥发性物质日变化的影响

为研究黑暗处理对植物挥发物释放日变化节律的影响,本试验采用顶空固相微萃取结合气质联用法（HS-SPME/GC-MS）,在1天中6个时间点对正常光照和黑暗处理下的百里香（Thymus mongolicus）叶片释放的挥发性有机物进行测定。研究表明：百里香释放的挥发性物质主要为烯烃类、芳香烃类、醇类、酚类和酯类,其中烯烃类挥发物的数量与相对含量均最多。正常光照下共检测出80种挥发物,8：00为挥发高峰期,12：00和0：00为挥发低谷期。黑暗处理组中共检测出77种,16：00数量最少,20：00数量最多。黑暗处理影响了各类挥发物相对含量日变化趋势,并且减小挥发物相对含量日变化波动幅度,其中烯烃类、芳香烃类、醇类挥发物的变化范围分别为正常光照的41.57%,61.03%,42.87%。本试验为进一步探明植物挥发物释放机理提供了试验证据。