基于"GIS/RS"技术的三江源地区生态环境建设的研究

分析了三江源地区生态环境退化现状，探讨了使用GIS与RS手段进行三江源区生态环境研究与建设的必要性与可行性，提出了研究方法与技术路线。     

Expression Analysis of THBS3 Gene in Different Tissues and Skeletal Muscles at Different Periods from Landrace and Tongcheng Pigs

To study the expression pattern of THBS3 gene in different tissues and during skeletal muscle development, the THBS3 gene expression in different tissues and skeletal muscles during prenatal periods (33, 45, 65, 70 and 90 d) and postnatal periods (0, 9, 30, 60, 120 and 160 d) from Landrace and Tongcheng pigs were detected by Real-time quantification PCR.The results showed that THBS3 gene widely expressed in all tissues examined, exhibiting similar spatial expression patterns with expression peaks in lung in both pig breeds except in stomach and intestine.Moreover, although THBS3 gene showed a significant higher expression level in gestation than after birth in Landrace and Tongcheng pigs (P<0.05), it exhibited different expression patterns between Landrace and Tongcheng pigs, the expression peak was detected at gestation day 45 in Landrace pig, while was detected at gestation day 65 in Tongcheng pig.The results suggested that THBS3 gene involved in skeletal muscle growth and development in pigs, as well as the regulation of asynchronization of skeletal muscle development in different pig breeds.     

APSIM模型对宁夏海原地区草田轮作系统的适应性

为验证APSIM模型对宁夏海原地区草田轮作系统的适用性,基于10年生苜蓿(Medicago sativa)与小麦(Triticum aestivum)、谷子(Oryza sativa)草田轮作试验数据和同期气象资料,运用APSIM模型对系统进行了模拟。通过试错法和文献记载完成了苜蓿、小麦和谷子几个品种的参数本地化。用统计和图形校验方法评价了APSIM模型模拟结果的可靠性和准确性。结果表明,谷子-小麦-小麦(MWW)、小麦-谷子-小麦(WMW)、谷子-谷子-小麦(MMW)、谷子-小麦-谷子(MWM)、小麦-谷子-谷子(WMM)、小麦-小麦-谷子(WWM)6种轮作方式下产量实测值和模拟值的决定系数R2值范围在0.83至0.98之间,D值范围在0.94至0.99之间,表现出了良好的相关性和一致性。土壤含水量实测值和模拟值的决定系数R2值范围在0.52至1之间,D值范围在0.92至0.97之间,相关性和一致性表现良好。表明APSIM模型对宁夏海原地区苜蓿与小麦、谷子轮作具有较好的模拟能力,可以用来模拟分析该地区草田轮作系统生产潜力和土壤水分动态,对该地区气候变化影响下草田轮作的优化管理具有一定指导意义。     

Key Factors Affecting Reproductive Success of Thoroughbred Mares and Stallions on a Commercial Stud Farm

To evaluate factors contributing to fertility of thoroughbred mares, data from 3743 oestrous periods of 2385 mares were collected on a large thoroughbred farm in Ireland. Fourteen stallions (mean age 8.3 years; range 4–15 years) had bred 2385 mares (mean age 9.4 years; range 3–24 years). Maiden mares accounted for 12%, mares with a foal at foot for 64%, and barren, slipped or rested mares for 24% of the total. The mean pregnancy rate per cycle was 67.8% (68.6% in year 1 and 66.9% in year 2). Backward stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was utilized to develop two models to evaluate mare factors, including mare age, reproductive status, month of foaling, dystocia, month of cover, foal heat, cycle number, treatments, walk‐in status and stallion factors including stallion identity, stallion age, shuttle status, time elapsed between covers and high stallion usage on the per cycle pregnancy rate and pregnancy loss. Old age (p < 0.001) and cover within 20 days post‐partum (p < 0.003) were associated with lowered pregnancy rates. High mare age (p < 0.05) and barren, slipped or rested reproductive status (p = 0.05) increased the likelihood of pregnancy loss. Uterine inflammation or infection, if appropriately treated, did not affect fertility. Only high usage of stallions (used more than 21 times in previous week) was associated with lowered (p = 0.009) pregnancy rates. However, shuttle stallions were more likely to have increased (p = 0.035) pregnancy survival, perhaps reflecting a bias in stallion selection. In conclusion, mare age exerted the greatest influence on fertility; nonetheless, thoroughbreds can be effectively managed to achieve high reproductive performance in a commercial setting.     

去花对菊芋数量学性状的影响

以白皮菊芋为试材,通过对现蕾期菊芋去除1/4花、1/3花、1/2花、全部去除和不去花等5个处理,测定叶片、小花、分枝和块茎数量等相关指标,探讨了去花对菊芋数量学性状的影响规律,为提高菊芋块茎生物产量提供理论依据。结果表明:去花1/3、1/2和全株去花提高了单株菊芋块茎数量,降低单株块茎质量,1/4去花对菊芋单株块茎数量和单个块茎质量影响不显著;去花处理降低了二级分枝和一级分枝的数量;去花处理增加了单株叶片的数量和单片叶片的质量;随着去花数量的增加,单株小花数量呈现"降-升-降"的变化规律,单个小花质量呈现"降-升"的变化趋势。     

茎用莴苣品种适应性及适宜密度和栽培方式研究

为了引进适合干旱绿洲区气候环境的茎用莴苣品种,寻求适合该地莴苣种植的最佳密度和栽培模式,于2015年在干旱绿洲区高台县绿色蔬菜产业园区进行了莴苣的品种适应性、适宜密度及栽培方式研究。结果表明:供试品种中W4("14-Q64")的综合表现优于其它品种,种植后75d适收,肉质茎长棒形,茎皮最薄,茎肉最厚,商品率最高,单株质量较对照增加了4.56%。同一种植模式,随着种植密度的增大,株高、茎长、茎粗和单株质量均减小;同一种植密度,起垄栽培的株高、茎长、茎粗和单株质量均大于平畦栽培。综合分析表明,"14-Q64"适合在河西干旱绿洲区推广种植,且当地莴苣种植以起垄栽培、播种密度以株行距35cm×30cm为最佳。     

土壤压砂保水处理含水率对西瓜生产潜力的影响

以西瓜为试材,针对压砂保墒问题,选择压砂时期和灌溉定额作为研究因素,采用对比试验方法研究了压砂保墒效果及其种植西瓜的生产潜力。结果表明:压砂覆盖能够有效保持土壤水分,上年雨季前压砂与雨季后压砂相比较,播种初期前者处理土壤质量含水率可达10.8%以上,而后者仅为8.9%;补水条件下前者比后者处理西瓜纵径大2.8cm,西瓜横径大3.1cm,未补水条件下前者比后者处理西瓜纵径大3.9cm,西瓜横径大2.7cm;补水条件下,前者处理西瓜产量为12 301.0kg·hm~(-2),后者处理西瓜产量为7 549.1kg·hm~(-2),未补水条件下,前者处理西瓜产量为6 723.3kg·hm~(~(-2)),后者处理西瓜产量为3 829.5kg·hm~(-2),可见,压砂保水能够明显提高西瓜生产潜力。     

不同处理对三种药用植物外植体生长发育的影响

以红豆杉、无花果、大叶黄杨的植物茎段为外植体,研究了不同浓度琼脂与不同灭菌时间处理对3种药用植物外植体褐化、污染及发芽情况的影响。结果表明:随着琼脂浓度的升高,褐化率、褐化等级、污染率和发芽率均呈下降趋势;综合各项指标分析,以琼脂浓度10g·L-1效果较好。随灭菌时间增加,褐化率、褐化等级上升,但污染率、发芽率均急剧下降,综合各项指标分析,以灭菌时间5~10min的处理效果较好。