Synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles using amphiphilic diblock copolymer PS-b-PAA micelle as soft template

By hydrothermal treatment, α-Fe₂O₃ with club and date pit-like structures were successfully prepared using amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(styrene-b-acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) micelle as soft template. The particles were characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of factors on the morphologies of α-Fe₂O₃ particles, such as the compositions and concentration of copolymer, and existence of citric acid, has been discussed.     

竹纤维研究进展

介绍了竹纤维的天然特性与优点,及其在功能性保健纺织品方面上的应用,简要阐述了竹原纤维、竹浆纤维、竹炭、纤维、竹纤维素氨基甲酸酯和纳米改性竹炭的原理及生产工艺流程,对我国竹纤维的发展现状进行了综述,并对未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

日光温室黄瓜高产栽培技术

为了减少种植户对温室黄瓜高产栽培的盲目性,日光温室黄瓜的栽培必须从品种选择、苗期管理、瓜果管理、棚内温度管理、病虫害综合防治、等各个方面进行不同环节的技术管理,才能获得高产稳产。     

我国濒危野生动物保护现状与前景展望

野生动物资源是我国自然资源的重要组成部分。由于我国经济的快速发展、人口数量持续增长,野生动物种群及其栖息地不断遭受破坏,导致部分物种濒临灭绝。对这些濒临灭绝的珍稀野生动物进行保护是我国生物多样性保护的主要内容之一。文中介绍了我国濒危野生动物概况,包括从法律、行政、科学研究、宣传教育、国际合作等方面采取的保护措施,概述了我国濒危野生动物保护工作取得的成效,分析了存在的问题,提出了保护建议,以期进一步有效、有针对性地完善我国濒危野生动物保护方法及政策,推动野生动物保护事业的发展。     

Breeding of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) with fusarium wilt resistance based on microspore culture and marker-assisted selection

Cabbage Fusarium wilt (CFW), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans, is one of the most devastating diseases of cabbage worldwide. In recent years, CFW has been spreading across northern Chinad. Thus, development of resistant cultivars is necessary to control CFW. Here we report microspore culture from a cross of two elite cabbage inbred lines, 96–100 (highly resistant to CFW) and 01–20 (highly susceptible to CFW), in order to obtain doubled haploids (DHs) to cultivate cabbage materials for resistance breeding. A total of 196 DHs were obtained in 2011 and 2012 and three elite DH lines were selected from them through agronomic trait evaluation as well as marker-assisted selection. These three elite DH lines were crossed with elite cabbage inbred lines to create hybrids, which were then evaluated for their resistance and agronomic traits. Three excellent hybrids were selected. The use of microspore culture and marker-assisted selection greatly shortened the time required to obtain these excellent hybrids. These resistant varieties may become an effective control of CFW in diseased areas.     

Molecular mapping of the brace root traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

The presence and morphology of plant brace roots are important root architecture traits. Brace roots contribute significantly to effective anchorage and water and nutrient uptake during late growth and development, and more importantly, have a substantial influence on grain yield under soil flooding or water limited conditions. However, little is known about the genetic mechanisms that underlie brace root traits. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for presence of brace roots from the sorghum landrace “Sansui” were mapped and associated molecular markers were identified. A linkage map was constructed with 109 assigned simple sequence repeat markers using a F₂ mapping population derived from the cross Sansui/Jiliang 2. Two QTLs associated with presence of brace roots were localized on chromosomes 6 and 7. The major QTL on chromosome 7 between markers Dsenhsbm7 and Xcup 70 explained about 52.5% of the phenotypic variation, and the minor QTL on chromosome 6 was flanked by Xtxp127 and Xtxp6 and accounted for 7.0% of phenotypic variation. These results will provide information for the improvement of sorghum root architecture associated with brace roots.     

丰产小麦品种‘农大211’的灌浆特性分析

为了研究‘农大211’籽粒的灌浆特性和丰产性的关系,给高产栽培和普通小麦高产育种提供参考。以‘农大3334’、‘中优9507’、‘京411’、‘农大3747’等3种不同粒重类型的品种（系）为对照,对丰产小麦品种‘农大211’在北京地区灌浆过程中籽粒体积、鲜重和干重的动态变化和灌浆参数特点进行研究。结果表明,在整个灌浆过程中5个品种（系）的籽粒体积均呈现抛物线曲线;从最大体积和花后30天体积来看,‘农大211’接近‘农大3334’。‘农大211’的籽粒体积显著高于‘中优9507’、‘农大3747’和‘京411’,它们的籽粒鲜重增长变化趋势基本一致,呈现抛物线曲线;‘农大211’的鲜重在花后3天到24天呈直线增长趋势,先后赶超了‘京411’、‘农大3747’和‘中优9507’,最后接近‘农大3334’。籽粒干重的动态变化均呈现拉扁的S曲线;‘农大3334’在花后21天、‘农大211’在花后24天、‘中优9507’在花后27天的干重极显著高于相应的时间的‘京411’和‘农大3747’,说明这3个大粒型品种（系）在灌浆后期保持了较强的灌浆能力,致使其干物质积累达到较高水平,从而最终粒重高于‘京411’和‘农大3747’。‘农大211’的最大灌浆速率(Rmax)、平均灌浆速率(R)和达到最大灌浆速率所需天数(d)均高于‘中优9507’、‘农大3747’和‘京411’,但低于‘农大3334’;而且灌浆3个阶段的灌浆速率R1、R2和R3与大粒型品种‘农大3334’、‘中优9507’相仿,快于中小粒型品种‘农大3747’和‘京411’。总之,‘农大211’籽粒的籽粒体积、鲜重和干重的动态变化过程以及灌浆过程、参数与大粒型品系‘农大3334’接近,但其单位面积穗数、穗粒数较高,因而其单产高于‘农大3334’。     

粘土矿物原位修复Cd污染土壤的研究进展

土壤Cd污染已成为严重的环境和公共健康问题,日益受到人们的密切关注,利用粘土矿物修复Cd污染土壤是一种行之有效的技术。为了实现重金属Cd污染土壤能有效快速修复,本研究在总结粘土矿物性能的基础上,分析了粘土矿物对重金属Cd污染土壤的影响因素,主要包括粘土矿物的类型、用量、改性及土壤pH、污染程度,概括了其修复机理,吸附作用和沉淀作用,结果显示修复效果良好。最后,提出了该领域的研究方向。     

口岸林木真菌病害检疫的实践与分析

林木病原真菌是威胁进口木材的重要有害生物,目前我国口岸检出率较低。太仓口岸通过近年来的实践探索,在木材病原真菌检测方面取得了一定的成效。为此,在对相关经验和成效进行总结的同时,也对发现的问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的措施建议,以期推动林木真菌病害检疫工作的不断发展,提高外来林木真菌病害风险的防控能力。     

进境东盟水果病害疫情分析及检疫监管对策

随着中国-东盟自由贸易区的不断发展,越来越多的东盟水果进入我国,丰富了国内热带水果消费市场,也带来了水果病害的入侵风险。本文分析了2011~2015年我国从东盟输华水果中截获的真菌与细菌有害生物疫情,结果表明:截获的病菌中真菌有害生物占绝对的主导地位,其中检疫性真菌偶有截获。就全国口岸而言,截获病菌77 822种次,其中病原真菌占99.04%,病原细菌占0.96%;真菌截获种次排前三位的水果依次来自泰国、越南、菲律宾。就广东口岸(不含深圳、珠海)而言,尚未截获病原细菌,截获病原真菌共计15 136种次(其中检疫性真菌截获1种次);泰国、印度尼西亚和越南的水果占据截获病原真菌次数的前三位;泰国香蕉、龙眼、莲雾和番荔枝和越南火龙果携带病原真菌的风险较高;截获次数较多的病原真菌依次是胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)、白地霉(Geotrichum candidum)、匍枝根霉菌(Rhizopus stolonifer)、黏头孢属(Gliocephalis sp.)、小煤怠菌属(Meliola sp.)、可可球二孢菌(Botryodiplodia theobromae)等。根据上述结果,提出相应的检疫监管对策与建议,以期为口岸检疫提供参考,降低外来有害生物的入侵风险。