规模化养殖场群体动物中草药服用方法的改进及其应用

利用中草药防治动物疾病已经成为养殖业研究的重要课题,但对动物服用中草药的难度较大,该文改进了传统的人工胃管灌服方法的缺陷,采用将中草药与精料共煮后饲喂,方法简便、价格低廉、节省人力,对规模化养殖场群体动物的中草药应用具有良好的推广价值。     

应用营养调控技术保护奶牛养殖环境的措施

随着奶牛集约化程度的提高,奶牛粪便中氮、磷的排放也逐渐增加,减少奶牛粪便氮、磷排放已成为奶牛生产研究的热点问题。文章从奶牛营养调控技术阐述了降低奶牛粪便中氮、磷排放的调控措施,为减少奶牛氮、磷的排放,保护养殖环境提供可行方法。     

肉鸡饲料生产精细化管理

现代饲料企业的竞争已不仅仅局限于市场份额的争夺,面对持续不断的成本降低及品质改善的竞争要求,生产精细化管理日显重要,将会帮助企业大幅度提升现场管理水平与减少浪费,从而增强企业竞争力。本文作者具有从事饲料生产管理多年的丰富经验,从饲料配方考虑因素、饲料原料质量控制、饲料加工质量控制过程等方面阐述了生产精细细化管理的要点,具有生产实践指导意义。     

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of marbofloxacin against Pasteurella multocida in a tissue‐cage model in yellow cattle

The fluoroquinolone antimicrobial drug marbofloxacin was administered to yellow cattle intravenously and intramuscularly at a dose of 2 mg/kg of body weight in a two‐period crossover study. The pharmacokinetic properties of marbofloxacin in serum, inflamed tissue‐cage fluid (exudate), and noninflamed tissue‐cage fluid (transudate) were studied by using a tissue‐cage model. The in vitro and ex vivo activities of marbofloxacin in serum, exudate, and transudate against a pathogenic strain of Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) were determined. Integration of in vivo pharmacokinetic data with the in vitro MIC provided mean values for the area under the curve (AUC)/MIC for serum, exudate, and transudate of 155.75, 153.00, and 138.88, respectively, after intravenous dosing and 160.50, 151.00, and 137.63, respectively, after intramuscular dosing. After intramuscular dosing, the maximum concentration/MIC ratios for serum, exudate, and transudate were 21.13, 9.13, and 8.38, respectively. The ex vivo growth inhibition data after intramuscular dosing were fitted to the inhibitory sigmoid E_max equation to provide the values of AUC/MIC required to produce bacteriostasis, bactericidal activity, and elimination of bacteria. The respective values for serum were 17.25, 31.29, and 109.62, and slightly lower values were obtained for transudate and exudate. It is proposed that these findings might be used with MIC₅₀ or MIC₉₀ data to provide a rational approach to the design of dosage schedules which optimize efficacy in respect of bacteriological as well as clinical cures.     

澳大利亚墨尔本WHO流感中心对南极洲企鹅的禽流感监测

2013年,澳大利亚墨尔本世界卫生组织流感参考和研究合作中心对南极企鹅开展了禽流感病毒监测。在270份企鹅血样中,检出34份禽流感抗体阳性,抗体阳性率为16%;对301份咽喉?泄殖腔拭子进行禽流感病原学检测,检出8份阳性,病原阳性率为2.5%,并成功分离到4株H11N2禽流感病毒。企鹅携带禽流感病毒这一事实,引发了全球共同抗击全球化动物疫情的思考。     

云南半细毛羊毛囊干细胞生物学特性分析

为研究云南半细毛羊毛囊干细胞（hair follicle stem cells,HFSCs）的生物学特性,采用组织块法分离培养云南半细毛羊HFSCs,并对其细胞形态、生长动力学、冷冻与复苏、染色体核型等生物学特性进行分析.结果表明：HFSCs为贴壁生长,体积小,核质比高,呈典型的铺路石状,在显微镜下折光性强、胞体透亮.细胞生长曲线为“S”型.冻存前细胞活率98.2％,复苏后细胞活率96.4％.染色体中正常二倍体数目2n=54,其中,长染色体中有3对为中着丝点染色体,23对为端着丝点染色体,X染色体为最大的近端着丝点染色体,Y染色体为最小的亚中着丝点染色体.所得细胞呈现典型的HFSCs特征,细胞活性好,细胞系为稳定的二倍体细胞系.     

禽类弯曲杆菌

弯曲杆菌及其同属菌群是脊椎动物和某些非脊椎动物口腔及肠道内的共生菌,这种特性导致控制家禽中弯曲杆菌污染问题复杂化。本文详细讨论了弯曲杆菌的系统发育,基因组学及其生理学,深入揭示了这些微生物是如何通过进化,进而占据肠道的有利环境,提出只有深刻了解它们的生理学,才能制定有效的控制方案。     

鸡Toll样受体在IBDV免疫中的作用研究

为了揭示鸡先天性免疫反应在IBDV疫苗过程中的作用,将40只14日海兰褐蛋鸡随机分成两组,实验组接种IBDV活疫苗,对照组注射生理盐水,隔离饲养。于免疫前和免疫后12h、24h、48h、72h、130h各取脾脏和法氏囊分离淋巴细胞并提取总RNA,用实时荧光定量检测方法检测各组中chTLR3、chTLR7、chTLR21表达的动态变化。结果显示,在免疫后36h,鸡法氏囊和脾脏中chTLR3表达变化最显著,在免疫后48h,鸡脾脏和法氏囊中chTLR21表达变化也较为明显。提示chTLR3在鸡对IBDV的免疫应答中起主要作用。