羽毛粉麸皮混合固态发酵条件优化

为了优化羽毛粉麸皮混合固态发酵条件,在发酵结束后测定固态发酵产率和发酵产物体外消化率,计算可消化物产率,并以此作为衡量指标对发酵条件(羽毛粉比例、缓冲液添加量、缓冲液pH、接种量、NJQ2接种比例、培养基厚度、发酵温度、发酵时间)进行优化。结果表明:最优发酵条件为羽毛粉比例50%,缓冲液添加量100%,缓冲液pH 7.5,接种量10%,NJQ2接种比例60%,培养基厚度1.5 cm,发酵温度37℃,发酵时间7 d。此时的发酵产率为86.2%,体外消化率为60.3%,可消化物产率为52.0%。通过发酵条件的优化,提高了发酵产物的体外消化率,理论上拓宽了羽毛粉的应用范围,具有很大的潜在经济价值。     

关于建立畜禽生产信息化监督管理体系的设想

畜禽的饲养生产是动物源性食品的源头所在。保证畜禽安全生产、确保畜禽产品质量安全是每个畜牧业工作者的重要责任。本文提出了建立畜禽生产信息化监督管理体系的设想,通过建立畜禽养殖电子档案,设置兽药、饲料和饲料添加剂、兽用生物制品产品包装编码,搭建开放式畜禽生产信息查询监督平台等方式,让畜禽生产过程公开化、透明化,便于兽医管理部门开展监督执法工作和接受群众的查询与监督。     

Effects of Exogenous Glycine Betaine on the Physiological Characteristics in Medicago sativa Seedlings under Low-temperature Stress北大核心CSCD

In this study,the 'Ganong 5th' alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was used as experimental material,and two application methods (leaf application,root application) and six exogenous betaine concentrations (0,10,20,30,40 and 50 mmol·L-1) were used to treat the seedlings of alfalfa. Plant growth and related physiological indexes were measured after 7 days of low temperature (4?) stress,and the physiological mechanism of exogenous betaine to alleviate the low temperature stress of alfalfa was explored. The results showed that exogenous GB alleviated the loss of plant height,root length,leaf dry weight,root dry weight and chlorophyll content,and increase the content of soluble sugar (SS) and free proline (Pro),and reduced the increase in leaf relative membrane permeability and MDA content. Exogenous GB increased antioxidant enzyme activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant content. And also,exogenous GB enhanced the osmotic adjustment capacity of the plant by increasing endogenous GB accumulation and BADH activity. These results indicated that exogenous GB enhanced the resistance of Medicago sativa to low-temperature stress under low temperature adjustment. The membership function analysis indicated that spraying 30 mmol·L-1 GB on the leaves and spraying 40 mmol·L-1 GB on the roots had the best effect on alleviating the low-temperature stress of alfalfa seedlings. © 2019 Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｒｅｆｒｉｇｅｒａｔｉｏｎ. All rights reserved.     

高温条件下湿度对肉用仔鸡干物质和能量采食量及代谢率的影响

分别用4～5周龄艾维茵肉用仔鸡216只和6～7周龄180只分两阶段进行了试验,第1阶段同在32℃气温下设置30％,60％,90％相对湿度,第2阶段,同在30℃气温下设置30％,60％,90％相对湿度,分别测定对干物质及能量的采食量和表观代谢率.每个处理设6个重复,每阶段试验期为2周.结果表明,高温条件下,相对湿度显著影响4～5周龄肉仔鸡的干物质采食量和能量采食量(P<0．05),而对6～7周龄肉鸡无显著影响;高温条件下6～7周龄高湿组的干物质代谢率和能量代谢率较高(P<0．05),而4～5周龄阶段这一差异不显著     

Advances on the Biosynthesis Mechanism of Bacterial Polysaccharides

Polysaccharide is the major component of bacterial cell that plays a significant role in the interaction between bacteria and their hosts. It aids the identification of bacteria, imparting virulence to the bacteria and adjusting host's immune response as well. Advance genomics research has deciphered several different bacterial polysaccharides sharing a common biosynthesis mechanism. The study of polysaccharides is mainly based on sequence analysis and prediction of genome in combination with metabolite analyses that still requires a detailed study. Researchers are now further focusing on their biosynthetic pathways to unveil the mechanisms underlying the diversity of these bacterial polysaccharides along with the host-pathogen interaction. It will open new doors for vaccine development and other therapeutic methods against pathogenic bacteria, and also provide technical support to control disease and cure at molecular level. This review states the mechanisms and relevant problems of biosynthesis and in vitro biosynthesis of peptidoglycan,O-antigen and capsular polysaccharides,and summarizes the application of bacteria polysaccharides in the aspects of searching for candidate antigens and controlling the targets of pathogenic bacteria and exploring genetic evolution of bacteria and biological synthesis.     

云南省曲靖市羊布鲁氏菌病传播风险因素病例对照研究

为了解云南省曲靖市羊布鲁氏菌病传播风险因素,以2021年布鲁氏菌病监测数据为基础,采用病例对照研究方法,对曲靖市8个县（市、区）181个羊养殖场开展问卷调查,并对养殖场饲养管理状况、生物安全措施等方面的18个风险因素进行单因素分析、多因素二元Logistic回归分析,构建回归方程,计算模型的预测概率,建立ROC曲线。结果显示：共回收有效问卷155份,涉及54个阳性场、101个阴性场;经单因素分析,从18项风险因素中选出13项P <0.05的因素;经多因素二元Logistic回归分析,“外购混养”（OR=9.006,95%CI:2.844～28.524）、“养殖场门口不消毒”（OR=7.835,95%CI:1.303～47.110）、“与邻居共用运输工具”（OR=13.087,95%CI:1.774～96.535）、“交通工具不消毒”（OR=4.263,95%CI:1.294～14.043）在病例组和对照组之间差异显著（P <0.05）,ROC曲线下面积为0.815(95%CI:0.743～0.887),模型预测性尚好。结果表明,“外购混养”“养殖场门口不消毒”“与邻居共用运...     

一起输入性羊痘疫情的暴发调查

2022年2月云南省元江县某农户饲养的山羊出现疑似羊痘病情,袭击率为16.91%(46/272),病死率为45.65%(21/46)。为确定病因,防止病情扩散,开展了紧急流行病学调查。综合病羊临床症状以及现场调查和实验室检测结果,确诊本起疫情为输入性羊痘疫情。通过采取病羊与健康羊群隔开饲养、紧急免疫、对症治疗、消毒、加强饲养管理等干预措施,病情得到有效控制。分析认为,养殖户疫病防控意识淡薄,缺乏生物安全防范意识,调入携带病原羊只混群饲养等是引发病情的主要原因。本次病情警示,养殖场应加强生物安全管理,做好未出售羊群返场的隔离检疫,同时要加强饲养管理,减少应激因素,以预防疫病发生。     

动物防疫领域政府购买公共服务相关术语混合使用情况辨析

自1994年深圳市罗湖区在环境卫生领域率先引入政府购买公共服务以来,我国政府购买公共服务经历局部性试点与探索、试点推进、制度化推广、全面推开与创新等4个阶段。2005年以来,我国对动物防疫领域政府购买公共服务进行了探索,但有关术语及其涵义一直未界定,更未形成共识,导致术语混用较为严重。术语混用体现了人们认知不同,看法不一,给动物防疫领域政府购买公共服务理论研究和实践探索造成了混乱。鉴于此,本文尝试梳理术语混用的背景、混用情况并予以辨析,以探讨动物防疫领域政府购买公共服务相关术语的正确使用。     

造纸废水对湿地芦苇纤维素含量的影响

芦苇(Phragmites australis)是较好的造纸材料,其纤维素含量高低直接影响造纸的价值,纤维素越高,制浆、漂白工艺越简单,成纸紧度、透明度越高。为研究造纸废水灌溉对芦苇纤维素含量的作用效果,以灌溉造纸废水的芦苇茎和叶为试验对象,测定不同灌溉期和不同浓度废水下芦苇茎和叶的纤维素含量。结果表明,1)灌溉300mg·L-1浓度废水对芦苇纤维素含量影响最大,出苗期芦苇茎纤维素含量表现为:300mg·L-1(36.39%)175mg·L-1(35.39%)50mg·L-1(34.73%)0(33.45%);2)在快速生长期灌溉废水最利于芦苇纤维素的积累,如浓度为300mg·L-1时芦苇茎纤维素含量变化量表现为快速生长期(11.75%)抽穗期(9.64%)成熟期(9.6%)展叶期(7.68%)出苗期(3.64%);3)芦苇纤维素含量总体表现为茎叶,如在出苗期灌溉浓度为300mg·L-1的废水,芦苇纤维素含量表现为茎(33.45%)叶(22.11%);4)废水浓度(X)对芦苇纤维素含量(Y)有显著影响(P0.05),二者的回归方程分别为Y茎=0.012 X+0.379 8,Y叶=0.008 X+0.249 2。