Socio-economic factors influencing control of vector-borne diseases in the pastoralist system of south western Uganda

Research in control of tick-borne diseases and trypanosomosis, and their vectors, namely, ticks and tsetse flies respectively, has been on going for decades. However, very little attention has been paid to the socio-economic factors that are likely to influence the outcome of the interventions in the control of these diseases. Thus, this study was designed to investigate these factors, mainly the intra-household factors influencing decision-making in the control of Vector-borne diseases in the pastoralist areas of Uganda. These factors included: indigenous technical knowledge, household economic factors, and gender. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the collection and analysis of data. The tools used for data collection included among others, participatory learning and action (PLA), and Case studies. The findings included the following: In pastoralist households, a big proportion of the household budget was allocated to vector-borne diseases control. In the male-headed households, men dominated decision-making on vector-borne diseases control, although the goals and priorities of men and women in these households were not the same. Also, vector-borne disease control was predominantly by use of modern veterinary drugs, and pastoralists treated sick cattle by themselves even in situations where there were veterinary personnel.     

Inductive expression of the NOD1 signalling pathway in chickens infected with Salmonella pullorum

1. The aim of this study was to describe the role of Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) receptor signalling in chicken.

2. Tissue-specific expression analysis of NOD1, receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 (MAPK11 or p38) by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed their wide distribution in various organs and tissues.

3. Salmonella pullorum infection activated NOD1 receptor signalling in vivo and in vitro, resulting in significant induction of downstream signalling molecules RIPK2, NF-κB/p65, MAPK11/p38 and the effector molecules IL-1b and IL-8.

4. Activation of NOD1 by its agonist bacterial γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) in HD11 cells induced the adapter molecular RIPK2 and activated the NF-κB/p65 and MAPK11/p38 pathways, resulting in an increase in IL-8 but not IL-1β. Additionally, inhibition of NOD1 using NOD1-shRNA resulted in downregulation of RIPK2, MAPK11 and IL-8, while NF-κB/p65 and IL-1β were unaltered.

5. These results highlight the important role of NOD1 receptors in eliciting the innate immune response following pathogenic invasion in chicken.     

粗纤维和赖氨酸水平对生长期豫南黑猪的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮中不同粗纤维和赖氨酸水平对生长期豫南黑猪生长性能、血清生化指标及营养物质表观消化率的影响.试验选取162头体重为30 kg左右的豫南黑猪,采用3（CF：4％、5.5％、7％）×3（lys：0.75％、0.85％、0.95％）两因子交叉完全随机设计,共设9个处理,每个处理3个重复,每重复6头猪.通过测定其生长性能、血清生化指标及营养物质表观消化率,确定生长期豫南黑猪的最佳粗纤维和赖氨酸水平.结果表明：不同粗纤维和赖氨酸水平对生长期豫南黑猪平均日采食量（ADFI）、平均日增重（ADG）和料重比（F/G）均无显著影响（P＞0.05）;粗纤维和赖氨酸水平分别为7％、0.75％时,料重比最低（P＜0.05）;粗纤维和赖氨酸水平分别为5.5％、0.85％时血清中游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FREET3）水平最高（P＜0.05）.饲粮中添加粗纤维使营养物质表观消化率下降,但通过适量比例的粗纤维和赖氨酸的合理添加,对饲粮中能量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、Ca和P的表观消化率无显著影响（P＞0.05）.上述结果提示,30～60 kg生长期豫南黑猪的饲粮适宜粗纤维水平和赖氨酸水平分别为7％和0.75％.     

羊草草原群落初级生产力动态研究

在锡林郭勒盟南部羊草草原对群落初级生产力动态进行11年的定位研究,结果表明:群落地上生物量有着显著的波动,在11年中遇丰年3个、平年7个、欠年1个。群落地上生物量季节积累动态符合Compertz曲线B_t＝B_max·e^-ea-kt,其高峰值出现在返青后的125.2～162.7天。制约群落地上生物量波动的限制因素是水分条件。建立了群落地上生物量与水热因子关系的数学模型。根据这些规律作者对畜牧业生产提出了合理建议。     

Normal bacterial flora from vaginas of Criollo Limonero cows

In order to describe the normal bacterial flora in vaginas of Criollo Limonero cows, 51 healthy multiparous cows, at least 90-day postpartum, were selected. Duplicated swabs (N = 102) were taken from the vaginal fornix of cows to perform aerobic and anaerobic cultures as well as conventional biochemical tests. Out of 102 swabs, bacterial growth was obtained in 55 (53.9%) while the remaining 47 (46.1%) did not exhibited any bacterial growth. Of the 55 bacterial growths, 23 (41.8%) were aerobic whereas 32 (58.1%) were anaerobic. Likewise, 29 (52.72%) of bacterial growths were pure and 26 (47.27%) were mixed. Under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, Gram positive bacteria were predominant (81.82% and 73.08%, respectively) over Gram negative bacteria (18.18% and 26.92%, respectively). Isolated bacteria were Arcanobacterium pyogenes (22.92%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.63%), Staphylococcus coagulase negative (17.71%), Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (6.25%), Bacteroides spp. (13.54%), and Peptostreptococcus spp. (7.29%). In conclusion, normal vaginal bacterial flora of Criollo Limonero cows was predominantly Gram positive and included A. pyogenes, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, E. rhusiopathiae, Bacteroides spp., and Peptostreptococcus spp. In Criollo Limonero cattle, adaptive aspects such as development of humoral and physical mechanisms for defense, and bacterial adaptation to host deserve research attention.     

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacenta for regulating of placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling

Non-infectious prenatal mortality severely affects the porcine industry, with pathological placentation as a likely key reason. Previous studies have demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) deficiency causes defects in the uteroplacental vasculature and induces embryonic losses in mice. However, its role in porcine placental angiogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, PPARγ expression was investigated in porcine uteroplacental tissues at gestational day (GD) 25, GD40 and GD70 via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Moreover, the roles of PPARγ in porcine placental angiogenesis were investigated using a cell model of porcine umbilical vein endothelial cells (PUVECs) to conduct proliferation, migration and tube formation assays in vitro and a mouse xenograft model to assess capillary formation in vivo. The results showed that PPARγ was mainly located in the glandular epithelium, trophoblast, amniotic chorion epithelium and vascular endothelium, as indicated by the higher expression levels at GD25 and GD40 than at GD70 in endometrium and by higher expression levels at GD40 and GD70 than at GD25 in placenta. Moreover, PPARγ expression was significantly downregulated in placenta with dead foetus. In PUVECs, knocking out PPARγ significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro and inhibited capillary formation in mouse xenografts in vivo by blocking S-phase, promoting apoptosis and downregulating the angiogenic factors of VEGF and its receptors. Overall, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacental tissue suggests its vital role in endometrial remodelling and placental angiogenesis, and PPARγ regulates placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling.     

寡聚糖在猪营养中的研究进展

综述寡聚糖的种类及其结构特点;猪及其肠道微生物对寡聚糖的利用;寡聚糖的作用机理;目前寡聚糖在养猪业中的应用研究进展,以及在应用和研究中尚存在的问题.     

Application of in vitro fertilisation techniques to obtain calves from valuable cows after slaughter.

The ovaries of two infertile cows of high breeding value were recovered after slaughter, and a total of 222 oocytes were obtained. Of these, 156 were classified as of good or fair quality and were subjected to in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilisation (using frozen semen from three bulls of high breeding value) and in vitro culture procedures. After eight days, 27 embryos were obtained, of which 13 were transferred fresh, and 14 were frozen. Three recipients of fresh embryos became pregnant; two calved and one aborted at four months. One of eight recipients of frozen-thawed embryos became pregnant but aborted at three months.     

对《我县首例动物防疫行政复议案件顺利结案》一文的再商榷

《中国动物检疫》2011年第1期,刊登了江苏省如东县动物卫生监督所高丰撰写的《我县首例动物防疫行政复议案件顺利结案》一文,本刊第4期又刊登了陕西省汉中市汉台区动物卫生监督所任润和等作者撰写的《对〈我县首例动物防疫行政复议案件顺利结案〉一文的商榷》,本作者与前两期作者在法律适用     

内蒙古草原N2O和CH4排放通量及其季节变化特征研究

１９９８年５－１２月,作者在内蒙古半干旱原用静态箱法进行原位Ｎ２Ｏ和ＣＨ４排放通量观测,分析了Ｎ２Ｏ、ＣＨ４排放量及其季节变化和相关过程,定时估计草原Ｎ２Ｏ和ＣＨ４收支在人类活动下的变化。重点讨论了内蒙古古草原型群落羊草,大针茅和退化草原Ｎ２Ｏ和ＣＨ４的排放通量及其季节变化特征。