龟背竹等11种花卉无土栽培营养环境动态试验研究

以龟背竹等１１种花卉植物为材料,研究了在无土栽培条件下营养和水分的动态变化规律,为合理配制营养液及其管理提供了科学依据。     

Combining multi-source data to explore a mechanism for the effects of micrometeorological elements on nutrient variations in paddy land water

Paddy land plays a key role in global crop production. Thus, paddy land water is a potential source of nitrogen and phosphorus; both nutrients largely contribute to non-point source pollution because they usually vary closely with micrometeorological elements (MEs) during the growth period. However, few studies have focused on the mechanism of co-variation between nutrients and MEs at the field scale. The relationships between nutrients in the paddy land water and MEs as well as soil water content, soil temperature, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are still unclear. In this paper, an in situ experiment was designed to obtain 5 years of meteorological data and nutrient data (nitrogen and phosphorus); the size of the experiment plot is in accordance with the spatial resolution of NDVI data. Multi-source meteorological and satellite data were integrated to explore the mechanism of co-variation. The results show that precipitation, air temperature, and solar radiation are the three MEs significantly affecting the nitrogen concentration in the paddy land water during the growth period. The air temperature is the most important ME influencing the phosphorus concentration. At the same time, the NDVI, as an effective indicator of the photosynthetic potential of rice used to explore the relationship between nutrients, has a prominent influence on soluble nutrients, especially on dissolved phosphorus. These findings could significantly improve our understanding about the responses of paddy land nutrients during the growth period to the surrounding drivers, inclusive of MEs, soil water, soil temperature, and NDVI. Undoubtedly, it is a potentially helpful means to monitor the sources of non-point pollution.     

秸秆覆盖方式和施氮量对河套灌区夏玉米氮利用及产量影响

为探究夏玉米氮素转运利用规律、产量及土壤NO3－-N含量分布对秸秆覆盖方式和施氮量的响应,在河套灌区开展2a不同秸秆覆盖方式（秸秆表覆B处理、秸秆深埋S处理）和不同施氮水平（不施氮N0、低氮N1、中氮N2、高氮N3）的田间试验,以传统耕作模式为对照（CK处理）。结果表明：在0～100 cm土层,各处理NO3－-N含量随施氮量增加而增大,成熟期B和CK处理随土层加深呈先减后增趋势,而S处理呈先增后减趋势;B处理提高0～20 cm土层NO3－-N含量,而S处理提高20～40 cm土层NO3－-N含量（P<0.05）;秸秆覆盖可减少0～100 cm土层NO3－-N累积损失量,且显著提高氮肥利用率及夏玉米氮素转运量对籽粒产量的贡献率,SN2处理效果较佳。相比CK处理,成熟期的SN2处理2 a平均NO3－-N累积损失量降低39.6%,氮肥利用率较提高28.5%,夏玉米氮素转运量对籽粒产量的贡献率提高32.1%,增产9.3%。综合分析,秸秆深埋配施中氮效果较佳,可实现河套灌区夏玉米提效增产的目标,并减少深层土壤NO3－-N累积损失量,为优化河套灌区夏玉米耕作施氮模式和缓解农业面源污染提供参考。     

耕作方式与秸秆覆盖对夏玉米根系分布及产量的影响

为探究夏玉米根系分布及水分利用效率对不同耕作结合秸秆覆盖模式的动态响应,于2017年和2018年在河套灌区开展不同耕作模式田间试验。试验设置,常规(CK)、秸秆表覆(BF)、深翻结合秸秆深埋(SM)和深翻结合秸秆深埋与表覆(BFSM)4种处理。结果表明,BF处理显著提高水平向根长密度,较CK处理高24.7%,SM、BFSM处理显著提高深层根长密度,较CK处理高23.8%;2017年夏玉米根长密度与标准化根深呈显著的三阶多项式函数关系,用2018年实测值率定效果较好,可较好描述不同耕作模式根长密度分布。BF、SM、BFSM处理较CK处理根冠比显著提高3.8%、20.8%、26.4%(P<0.05),较CK处理夏玉米产量及水分利用效率分别显著提高8.6%、19.5%、19.7%和13.6%、32.3%、34.8%(P<0.05),SM与BFSM处理差异不显著。该研究为河套灌区农业耕作模式提供一定借鉴。     

高校院级领导班子建设的探索与实践

学院党政领导班子是和谐一流学院建设的领导者、组织者和推动者.创建坚强有力的领导集体,不断提高建设和谐一流学院的水平和能力,必须坚持用科学理论武装头脑,建设学习进取的领导班子;认真贯彻民主集中制,建设民主协作的领导班子;正确处理学院党政关系和班子成员之间的关系,建设团结和谐的领导班子;加强制度建设和党风廉政建设,建设廉洁自律的领导班子;树立科学发展观,建设务实创业的领导班子;树立牢固群众观,建设勤政为民的领导班子.     

稚蚕人工饲料中桑绿枝粉的添加效果及加工特点

在家蚕稚蚕人工饲料中分别添加 15 %的桑绿枝粉、冬桑条粉、桑皮粉等 ,并与豆腐渣、市售纤维素粉末等进行了对照试验 ,结果以添加桑绿枝粉的稚蚕人工饲料各项成绩最为理想 ,稚蚕对其有良好的摄食性 ,从而为研制稚蚕低成本人工饲料开辟了新的原料来源     

在高度饥馑条件下,大蒜幼苗发育过程中细胞内含物由衰老器官向新生部位的转移

在缺乏光照的条件下,把大蒜的蒜瓣培养在蒸馏水中,研究了新长出的叶片、根与蒜瓣之间在生长过程中细胞内含物再分配与再利用的进程及其与物质转移方式的可能关系。本工作表明,新长出的根、叶所需的营养物质最初全部来自蒜瓣的细胞内含物;并且是以新老器官更替的方式,由蒜瓣顺序转移到新生叶片中,并由先形成的叶片依次转移到尖端新生叶片及根中,使蒜瓣的细胞内含物反复多次地被再分配、再利用;同时,测定结果显示出第四片新叶中所含全 N 的三分之一是来自撤退的根系细胞内含物,最后由于根系的衰退而导致幼苗的过早死亡。此外、衰老器官向新生器官输出细胞内含物时,N.P.K 的输出与干物质的输出存在着明显的相关关系(r=0.98—0.99),表明细胞内含物的再分配是按着原有比例由衰老叶片陆续撤离的。这很难用通常的见解——细胞内含物的撤离必须先降解成溶质后再行转移——来解释,却有助于支持原生质主动撤离的假说。     

氮素形态不同配比对黄瓜生长和性别分化的影响（初报）

采用基质培养研究氮素形态不同配比对黄瓜生长及性别分化的影响,结果表明用纯NO3--N营养液处理,黄瓜植株营养生长旺盛,当NH4 -N占25％和50％时,黄瓜的生殖生长明显促进,表现为比纯NO3--N处理第一雌花低0.4、0.6节,雌花率增加了23.9％、31.0％,单株产量增加了35.3％、28.7％。叶片和果实中矿物元素钾增加了0.02％～1.41％,铁增加了11～124,ug/g DW,锌增加了37.6～47.0μg/g DW,镁、锰、铜差异不大。黄瓜在不同生育期对氮素形态的敏感性有差异,幼苗期比生长旺盛期不敏感。     

日粮纤维对单胃动物胃肠道微生物区系的影响

关于单胃动物对纤维饲料资源利用的研究已日益引起人们的关注,文中对粗纤维的定义及消化吸收特点进行了介绍,并综述了日粮纤维对鹅、兔及猪等单胃动物胃肠道微生物区系的影响。     

Effect of photoperiod on milk yield and quality, and reproduction in dairy goats

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of long day photoperiod (LDPP) on milk production and reproduction in milk goats. A total of 79 goats were randomly assigned to three treatment groups blocked by day of kidding. Group 1 (Gr1, n = 26) was subjected to natural photoperiod from January 6 to December 5. Group 2 (Gr2, n = 24) was subjected to LDPP (20 h light, 4 h dark) from June 22 to December 5. Group 3 (Gr3, n = 29) was subjected to LDPP from January 6 to December 6. Weekly milk weights and samples were collected for fat, protein and somatic cell count (SCC) determinations. Blood serum was harvested for progesterone (P4) determination. Results indicated a significant effect (p < 0.001) between treatments for body weight changes, feed intake and milk yield. Both light treated groups had a significantly higher (p < 0.001) average daily milk output for the entire lactation period than the control group (G1, 2.193 kg/day; G2, 2.517 kg/day; G3, 2.305 kg/day). Milk fat for the overall lactation was significantly higher in Gr3 (+ 0.19 g/100 ml) than for Gr2 (+ 0.06 g/100 ml) when compared to the control group (x g/100 ml) under natural photoperiod. Somatic cell counts throughout lactation were significantly (p < 0.001) lower for Gr2 (1.70 million/ml) and higher for Gr3 (2.03 million/ml), with the control group (Gr1) having an intermediate level (1.96 million/ml). Progesterone levels between June 9 and August 30 indicated that 27%, 48% and 63% of the animals had P4 levels in excess of 1.0 ng/ml serum for Gr1, Gr2 and Gr3, respectively. Pregnancy diagnosis by ultrasound in December revealed that a high number of does in the light treated groups (10 of 37) were pseudo-pregnant when compared with the control group (1 of 21). Although light appeared to be effective in increasing milk production, further investigations are needed to evaluate the effect of LDPP on pseudo-pregnancy in dairy goats.