浅圆仓不同功率风机通风试验研究

利用2.2kW的轴流风机组与7.5kW的离心风机组,对两个浅圆仓进行通风降温,经对比试验,在储粮数量、储粮品种、入仓时间、入仓质量、粮情状况等基本相同的浅圆仓中,当降温效果基本相同时,2.2kW的轴流风机组通风时间较长,7.5kW离心风机组降温效果较快,但水损较多,2.2kW的轴流风机组通风耗能较低,吨粮降温成本较低。     

甘肃金鳟AFLP体系建立及应用

甘肃金鳟是我国自主培育的虹鳟新品种,为进行其种质资源研究和遗传管理,以其尾鳍为试验材料,提取基因组DNA,对影响甘肃金鳟扩增片断长度多态性(AFLP)反应体系进行优化,包括模板DNA浓度、基因组酶切时间、选择性扩增中Mg2+、预扩增产物稀释倍数及选扩性引物M+3/E+3配比等进行比较分析,建立了适于甘肃金鳟的AFLP反应体系。即：100 ng 基因组DNA,3 U EcoR I 37℃酶切3 h,再 Mse I 65℃酶切5 h;然后用1 U的T4连接酶连接12 h, 选扩25 μl PCR反应体系中Mg2+2.0 mmol/L,预扩产物稀释30倍,选扩引物M+3/E+3配比为8∶1,所得产物经电泳和银染后可获得清晰条带,效果良好;筛选出了适宜甘肃金鳟品种分析的13对选择性引物。     

QTL mapping of sheath blight resistance in a deep-water rice cultivar

Sheath blight, caused by the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, is one of the most serious diseases of rice and leads to severe yield loss worldwide. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 121 lines was constructed from a cross between HH1B and RSB03, the latter of which is a deep-water rice variety. Five traits were used to evaluate sheath blight resistance, namely disease rating (DR), lesion length (LL), lesion height (LH), relative lesion length [RLL, the ratio of LL to plant height (PH)], and relative LH (RLH, the ratio of LH to PH). Using the RIL population and 123 molecular markers, we identified 28 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the five traits in two environments. These QTLs are located on nine chromosomes and most of them are environment specific. A major QTL for DR (qSBR1) on chromosome 1 was identified with contributions of 12.7% at Shanghai and 42.6% at Hainan, and it collocated with a QTL for PH. The allele at this locus from RSB03 enhances sheath blight resistance and increases PH. Another QTL for DR on chromosome 7 was adjacent to QTLs for heading date (HD) and four other disease traits. RSB03 also carries the resistant allele at this locus and shortens HD. The susceptible parent, HH1B, provides the resistance allele at the locus qSBR8, where QTLs for four other disease traits were identified. QTL mapping results showed that most QTLs for LL, LH, RLL, and RLH are collocated with QTLs for DR. Three QTLs for DR are independent from HD, PH, and four other disease traits, while four QTLs are closely related to HD and PH. Four QTLs for LL, LH, RLL, and RLH are independent from DR, HD, and PH, while there is only one region harboring QTLs for these four traits and HD. Correlation analysis and QTL mapping results indicated that LL, LH, RLL, and RLH might be important indices, like DR, for evaluating the level of resistance to rice sheath blight.     

一套优异稻种资源的纹枯病抗性评价

2008年在湖北恩施、2009年和2010年在海南陵水分别采取自然诱病和人工接种方法对158份中国水稻微核心种质和137份“全球水稻分子育种计划”亲本材料进行了抗纹枯病大田鉴定和评价,未发现免疫材料,抗病和中抗材料的比例分别为0.3％和13.9％;大多数属于感病范围,中感、感病和高感材料的比例分别为40.0％、25.8％和20.0％.其中BR24、Hnankar、解放籼、秕五升、赤壳糯、红旗5号、泽谷、寸谷糯和旱麻稻在3年2地的鉴定中均达中抗水平;Serendahkuninmdaysia、SAI-BUI-BAO、Giza14和香稻在个别年份中达抗病水平.在海南2年试验中测定了各材料的纹枯病病级、相对病斑长、相对病斑高、抽穗期和株高,通过分析,发现纹枯病病级与相对病斑长和相对病斑高呈极显著正相关,而与抽穗期和株高呈极显著负相关,相对病斑长和相对病斑高可以作为抗性鉴定和评价的指标之一.     

割手密线粒体DNA的简易快速提取方法

高效快速地分离提取高质量的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)是研究植物线粒体基因及其起源进化的重要前提。为获得高质量的mtDNA进行割手密资源的线粒体基因序列扩增及测序分析,本研究以割手密黄化苗为材料,通过简单差速离心分离得到线粒体,经DNaseⅠ消化处理,去除核DNA杂质得到较纯的线粒体,然后经过5%SDS和蛋白酶K充分裂解线粒体,利用饱和的苯酚/氯仿(1:1)和氯仿两次抽提除去蛋白质,并经过RNase A的消化处理除去RNA,无水乙醇沉淀等一系列操作得到mtDNA。所提取的mtDNA样品经紫外吸收光度测定,琼脂糖凝胶电泳和PCR扩增分析其浓度和纯度,结果表明利用该方法提取的mtDNA纯度高,完全能满足后续PCR分析及分子克隆测序的要求。该方法不仅DNA提取纯度高,操作简单、快速经济,可为今后开展甘蔗及其各野生种的研究提供技术支持。     

利用SSR和SRAP标记分析花椰菜自交系的遗传多样性

为选育优质花椰菜新品种,指导种质资源引进和利用,本研究采用简单重复序(simple sequence repeat,SSR)标记和相关序列扩增多态性(sequence-related amplified polymorphism,SRAP)标记对38份花椰菜自交系进行了遗传多样性分析,分别从48对SSR引物、48对SRAP引物中各筛选出4对有效引物。4对SSR引物扩增的总条带数为47个,多态性条带为39个,平均多态性比率达83.0%;4对SRAP引物扩增的总条带数为86个,多态性条带为51个,平均多态性比率为59.3%,该结果显示花椰菜自交系间具有较丰富的遗传多样性。UPGMA聚类分析揭示了花椰菜自交系的熟期与其遗传差异相关。     

树莓试管苗茎尖包埋玻璃化法超低温保存

摘要：本试验对树莓茎尖包埋玻璃化法种质资源保存进行了研究,以期建立简单、高效的树莓种质资源超低温保存体系。试验以树莓试管苗茎尖为材料,探讨了不同因素对包埋玻璃化法超低温保存后成活率的影响。结果表明：长约1mm的树莓试管苗茎尖用海藻酸钙包埋后,采用分步预培养的方法,最后终止蔗糖浓度为0.9mol/L的MS培养基中进行预培养3d,再用含2M甘油和0.9M蔗糖的装载液处理90min, 在0℃下用PVS2处理180min后投入液氮中保存1h,在40℃下化冻3min,用含1M蔗糖的MS液体培养基洗涤20min,最后转到恢复培养基上,30d后在没有形成愈伤组织的情况下形成新的植株。以上的保存程序应用于6个树莓品种,成活率达87%。该结果为树莓种质资源的长期保存提供了理论依据。     

Analysis of combining ability of two-types of male sterile and four restorer lines of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zinnia elegans</Emphasis>

Eight cross combinations of Zinnia elegans were made using two recessive nuclear male sterile lines crossed with four restorers using the North Carolina Design II statistical method. Heterosis, combining ability and heritability was analysed using 12 horticultural traits and these demonstrated the advantage of heterosis in hybrid breeding of Zinnia elegans. Heterosis served to increase the number of whorls of ray florets across capitulum and the number of branches, and also decreased plant height, crown size, pedicel length and length of node. Thus, six horticultural traits were improved over mid parent and best parent status to fulfill major breeding goals of this herbaceous flower. The traits of plant height, number of whorls of ray florets across capitulum and pedicel length were primarily controlled by paternal additive effects, whereas crown size was mainly controlled by non-additive effects. Number of branches and length of node were affected both by paternal additive effects and non-additive effects. The ratio of general combining ability to specific combining ability indicated the importance of additive genes in the expression of these traits. Among the parental lines, AH003A and restorer A3 were chosen as primary female and male combiners, respectively. AH001A and restorer S5 were chosen as secondary combiners. The cross AH003A × A3 was determined as the most promising combination for producing potted plant characteristics, and AH001A × S5 was the best hybrid obtained in this study for cut flower traits. The analysis of combining ability for the parental lines showed that there was no causal relationship between general combining ability and specific combining ability effects.     

Effects of fruit thinning on ascorbate–glutathione cycle metabolism in black currants (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ribes nigrum</Emphasis> L.)

To elucidate mechanisms regulating ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis and accumulation in the fruit and leaves of black currants, AsA and the activities of key enzymes in the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle were measured from fruit set to fruit ripening during fruit thinning treatments of three common commercial black currant cultivars that differed in their AsA levels: ‘Risager’ (low), ‘Brodtrop’ (medium) and ‘Adelinia’ (high). Treatments were 50% fruit reduction (50% of total fruit set) by hand, control was no thinning. Fruit thinning treatment significantly increased AsA content in fruit of all three cultivars from weeks 2 to 8, significantly decreased AsA content in leaves from weeks 3 to 8. Dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase activities in fruit and leaves had a similar pattern, increasing during week 2, rose until they peaked in week 4. Ascorbate peroxidase activity in fruit in the thinning treatment was slightly lower than in the control. Fruit thinning was shown to be a good model to test AsA biosynthesis regulation and accumulation in black currants. The results from our study provided strong evidence that AsA–GSH cycle involved in AsA synthesis and accumulation in fruit.     

麻地膜对设施樱桃番茄(Solanum lycopersivon)生长及产量的影响

为了明确麻地膜覆盖在设施大棚内对樱桃番茄生长及产量的影响,本研究采用‘浙樱粉1号’为实验材料,设置3个处理:麻地膜覆盖、塑料地膜覆盖及对照(不覆盖),比较了不同覆盖措施对‘浙樱粉1号’株高、茎粗、单株鲜重、结果数量及樱桃番茄鲜果重的影响。结果表明,在设施大棚内采用麻地膜覆盖增加了‘浙樱粉1号’株高、茎粗、结果数量及樱桃番茄鲜果重。麻地膜覆盖对设施大棚内种植的樱桃番茄有增产作用,麻地膜的推广应用可以减少塑料地膜对环境污染,利于农业的可持续发展。