甲酸钙的合成、测定及其在乳猪料中的应用

甲酸钙作为一种饲料添加剂,能降低和调节胃肠道pH值、促进营养物质的消化和吸收。本文系统介绍了甲酸钙的合成和检测方法,并介绍了甲酸钙作为饲料添加剂的作用效果。     

净能体系在猪日粮配制中的研究现状

20世纪初,美国首先将净能体系应用于奶牛的日粮配制当中,但该体系一度被认为并不适用于单胃动物,特别是猪的日粮配制。因为对猪而言,消化能体系更为方便和适用。但时下,通过添加合成氨基酸的低蛋白日粮的成功研究和利用,使消化能体系变得过时。在欧洲,净能体系已经被用于猪日粮     

Temporal-spatial epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Mongolia, 2000 – 2002

Prior to 2000, foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) had not been observed in Mongolia since 1973; however, between April 2000 and July 2002, Mongolia reported 44 FMD outbreaks that affected cattle, sheep, goats, and camels. The objectives of this study were to describe the distributions of the 44 reported FMD outbreaks in Mongolia and to assess their spatial clustering and directions of movement. Official reports were collected to obtain the number and species of animals both affected and at risk, and the date and geographical coordinates of each outbreak. Significant global and local spatial clusters of reported FMD outbreaks were identified. Disease spread during the second epidemic moved 76° northeast and the spread of the disease during the third epidemic moved 110° northwest. FMD outbreaks were clustered intensely close to other FMD-positive counties. These findings can be used in the future to help plan prevention and control measures in high risk areas.     

购犬应当选择好的繁殖者

当养犬爱好者想给自己挑选一头爱犬时,怎样选择小犬将会是一个至关重要的问题.笔者认为,了解小犬的饲养繁殖者很重要.因为小犬的饲养繁殖者直接关系到犬的质量.……     

Poisoning in ostriches following ingestion of toxic plants - field observations

Data from post-mortem and field studies were obtained that discussed poisoning in ostriches following ingestion of toxic plants. From the notes, all plants studied caused death in ostriches and there was systemic organ damage. Poisoning from Sarcostemma viminale (Melktou) resulted in beak patting, muscular tremors and head flopping, followed by collapse and violent kicking before death. Ingestion of Combretum oatesii (Red wings) seeds from plants in free grazing pastures resulted in vomiting, restlessness, eyelid flicking, collapse and kicking movements. Dichapetalum cymosum (Gifblaar) killed an ostrich after episodes of shaking legs, rapid respiration and bradycardia and hyperaemia of the lungs, liver and kidneys. Poisoning from Senecio sceleratus (Ragwort) caused skin haemorrhages and bleeding in tracheal mucous membranes, the pericardium, diaphragm and interperitoneal membrane. Consumption of drupes from Melia azedarach (Syringa berry) caused muscle tremors, kicking movements and respiratory distress. Lantana camara (Cherry pie) poisoning resulted in extremely inflamed eyes with copious yellow exudates extending down their beaks and onto their necks. Bentonite was administered by gavage at a dose of 5 g/kg. Poisoning in these cases is usually associated with the farmer allowing his/her birds to roam free-range in paddocks in which toxic plants are growing. Toxic plants should be removed from grass cut for hay. The author is willing to send photographs of all poisonous plants if requested by a reader.     

中蜂来源的微孢子虫对意蜂工蜂的侵染性研究

为探讨中蜂来源的微孢子虫对意蜂的侵染性,本试验将纯化自中蜂的微孢子虫,以每只蜂1×105个和5×105个孢子的接种量,分别给2日、5日、8日、11日龄无微孢子虫感染的意蜂成年工蜂接种,在30℃±0.5℃,65%～80%RH,黑暗中隔离饲养10日后,各日龄工蜂的平均感染率达86.3%～100%,每只蜂中肠的平均产孢量为5.60×105～3.39×106个。在两接种量下,2日、5日龄意蜂工蜂的产孢量均显著(P<0.05)高于8日、11日龄的产孢量。试验首次证实了中蜂来源的微孢子虫对意蜂成年工蜂具较强的侵染性。     

微生物复合酵素在猪场生产中的应用试验

为了探讨丰力旺酵素在猪场生产中的应用实际效果,本试验选40日龄健康仔猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20头,试验组饲喂添加0.1%丰力旺酵素的常规饲料,对照组饲喂常规饲料。结果表明,丰力旺酵素可以提高生猪生长性能,减少疾病,降低粪便臭味,有利于提高经济效益。     

Assessment of antibiotic use in farm animals in Rwanda

The irrational use of antibiotics in humans and animals is highly related to the emergence and increase of antibiotic-resistant bacteria worldwide. A cross-sectional survey aimed at evaluating the current level of practices regarding antibiotic use in farm animals in Rwanda was carried out countrywide. Interviews were conducted on 229 farmers rearing different types of animals. The study has revealed that almost all respondent farmers could name at least one antibiotic used in farm animals and peni-streptomycin was named by most of them (95.6%). The use of antibiotics in farm animals was observed in the majority of respondents (97.4%). It was found that 44.4 and 26.5% of respondents reported that they used antibiotics for disease prevention and growth promotion, respectively. The use of non-prescribed antibiotics in animals was also reported by more than the half of respondent farmers (55.6%). The majority of farmers had a moderate level of practices regarding antibiotic use in farm animals (73.5%), very few had a high level (26%) and only one respondent had a low level. The high level of practices in regard to antibiotic use in animals was associated with the location of the farm, the type of reared animals, and the rearing system. The results of this study give an insight into antibiotics usage practices in farm animals in Rwanda. The generated information can guide sensitizations and promotions of the prudent use of antibiotics among farmers in order to limit the increase of antibiotic resistance in the country.     

Epostane对公兔血清睾酮、皮质醇的影响

将不同剂量的Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ静脉注射成年公兔，测定注射后１、２、３、２４小时血清睾酮、皮质醇水平的变化。结果显示注射Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ后公兔血清睾酮水平增加且与剂量相关；低剂量Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ显著地降低血清皮质醇水平。     

圈养鸭群与放养鸭群蠕虫感染率调查研究

本文通过对９０羽闽西山麻鸭的蠕虫学调查，分析了该区域山麻鸭寄生蠕虫类群之间的关系，以及不同饲养方式对山麻鸭感染各类蠕虫的影响。１材料与方法１．１取样选择闽西的新罗、长汀、上杭和武平４个有代表性的县（市），随机抽样，共剖检９０羽山麻鸭，其中放牧鸭３８羽，圈养鸭５２羽。按禽类蠕虫学剖检方法逐羽剖检，收集蠕虫标本并编号后带回实验室鉴定。１．２样本资料处理１．２．１寄生虫的区系分析：将各样本收集到的蠕虫分为吸虫、绦虫、线虫和棘虫４大类群，分别统计出各类群的感染指数（Z＝A·B／C２，式中A为某类群总虫数，…