Genetic components of heat stress in finishing pigs: development of a heat load function

The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of heat stress during the life of a pig on its final weight, as a first step toward a genetic evaluation for heat tolerance. Data included carcass weights of 23,556 crossbred pigs [Duroc x (Landrace x Large White)] raised on 2 farms in North Carolina and slaughtered from May 2005 through December 2006. Weather data were available from a nearby weather station. Lifetime of a pig was assumed to be partitioned into 2 periods. During an initial period, the effect of heat stress was assumed to be negligible or compensated for later. During the second period ending in slaughtering, the ADG was assumed to be affected linearly by heat load. Weekly heat load was calculated as degrees of average temperature-humidity index in excess of a threshold (18 degrees C). The total heat load (H) was the sum of weekly heat loads during the second period. During the months of January to May H was 0; H reached a peak in September. The final BW during the peak of heat stress decreased about 6 kg compared with BW during months of non-heat stress. Weekly and monthly averages of carcass weight generally moved similarly to H. However, there were large fluctuations unrelated to H; the fluctuations were different on the 2 farms. The model included the effects of farm-year of slaughter, sex, age at slaughter, and H, where age at slaughter and H were linear regressions. In analyses, the threshold was varied from 16 to 20 degrees C, and the second period was varied from 8 to 16 wk. The greatest R(2) (10.4%) was at the threshold of temperature-humidity index = 18 degrees C for a period of 10 wk. Varying the threshold and the length of time reduced R(2) less than 1%. Least squares means of year-month and year-week of carcass weight were calculated using a model with the fixed effects farm-year-month or farm-year-week of slaughter, sex, and age at slaughter (linear covariate), and the random effect of birth litter. Changes in BW of finisher pigs due to heat stress can be quantified by H during the last 10 wk of the life of the pig.     

生长激素轴的组成及其对奶牛泌乳的调控

奶牛泌乳主要受到以生长激素为核心的生长激素轴的调控,其调控原理错综复杂,鉴于此,在前人研究的基础上结合生长激素轴的组成及特点对其调控机制进行简单综述,以期対生长激素的泌乳调控有较深入的了解。     

浅谈《草原管理学》课程的发展历史与教学改革实践

介绍了畜牧业发达国家的《草原管理学》课程的起源与发展,对我国草业科学专业及《草原管理学》的发展历程进行了回顾,并对当前的发展现状进行了分析,提出课程改革应与时俱进的观点。高等教育的目的就是要培养符合国家及社会发展需要的复合型人才。结合沈阳农业大学草业科学系《草原管理学》课程的建设、改革与发展的实例,充分说明了通过与时俱进的课程内容和授课手段的教学研究与改革,对于培养适应时代发展需要的高素质草业人才具有重要的意义。     

小鼠Dazl基因融合蛋白表达载体的构建及转染

根据NCBI数据库上公布的小鼠Dazl基因的mRNA序列设计引物,以小鼠睾丸组织RNA为模板,RT-PCR扩增小鼠Dazl基因编码区片段,并将其克隆到增强型绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP-C1中,构建重组融合蛋白表达载体pEGFP C1-Dazl,单双酶切和测序验证正确.将pEGFP-Cl-Dazl质粒转染293和NIH 3T3细胞,荧光显微镜下观察到融合表达的绿色荧光蛋白,且呈胞质表达;对照组转染pEGFP-C1,绿色荧光遍布整个细胞.Dazl蛋白的免疫荧光试验也证明重组载体转染后,Dazl基因和GFP共同定位于胞质部分.pEGFP C1-Dazl融合蛋白表达载体的成功构建为进一步研究生殖特异性基因Dazl在小鼠和大型动物的表达特性奠定了一定的基础.     

紫花苜蓿种子内生根瘤菌定位及灭菌方法研究

为探寻苜蓿种子内生根瘤菌的有效灭菌方法,试验以‘甘农9号’紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa ‘Gannong No.9’)种子为材料,设置DF(碘伏浸泡6min),DS(碘伏浸泡5min→无菌水冲洗→ST液-0.9%无菌氯化钠溶液和0.5%吐温80浸1min),SH3(3%次氯酸钠浸泡6min)和SH10(10%次氯酸钠浸泡6min)4种灭菌方法,分别以完整种子、去皮种子、种皮、子叶、胚、子叶+胚、子叶-胚连接处、幼苗为研究材料,以无菌水浸泡相应时间处理为对照,分析4种灭菌方法对供试材料内生根瘤菌的灭菌情况以及对种子萌发能力及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：内生根瘤菌主要分布于紫花苜蓿种子的子叶+胚(52.7个·粒^-1)中,种皮有少量分布(16个·粒^-1),而在子叶+胚组织中内生根瘤菌主要分布于子叶-胚连接处(38.33个·粒^-1),其余分布数量依次为子叶(9.67个·粒^-1)、胚(4.17个·粒^-1);DS处理可对种子完全灭菌,且DS处理下完整种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、胚芽长、胚根长和幼苗长与CK差异不显著。综上,子叶-胚连接处是紫花苜蓿种子内生根瘤菌的主要存在部位,DS处理是紫花苜蓿种子内生根瘤菌的最佳灭菌方法。     

Effect of chopping time and heating on 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and rheological behavior of meat batter matrix

The effect of chopping time and heating on physicochemical properties of meat batters was investigated by low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance and rheology technology. Cooking loss and L* increased while texture profile analysis index decreased between chopping 5 and 6 min. The relaxation time T₂₁ (bound water) and its peak area ratio decreased, while the ratio of T₂₂ peak area (immobilized water) in raw meat batters gradually increased with the extension of chopping time. However, T₂₂ was opposite after being heated and a new component T₂₃ (free water) appeared (T_2i is the spin – spin relaxation time for the ith component.). The initial damping factor (Tan δ) gradually decreased and there were significant difference between 4 and 5 min of chopping time. There were significantly positive correlations between the ratio of peak area of T₂₂ and chopping time, the storage modulus (G′), cooking loss, and L*, respectively. Continued chopping time could improve the peak area proportion of T₂₂ in raw meat batters. Further, the higher the peak area proportion of T₂₂ in raw meat batters, the cooking loss of heated meat gel was higher. Also, the stronger the mobility of immobilized water in meat batter, the higher the L* of the fresh meat batters. Thus, it is revealed that the physicochemical properties of meat batter are significantly influenced by chopping time which further affects the water holding capacity and the texture of emulsification gel.     

猪日本脑炎病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立

设计了1对引物,利用RT-PCR技术检测乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)。从GenBank中查出收录的31株猪乙型脑炎病毒E基因的已知序列,用DNA star软件对这31株猪乙型脑炎病毒E基因进行同源性分析,以确定扩增的靶序列。以这段靶区域为模板,利用Primer 5软件设计了1对引物,用减毒株SA14-14-2建立了检测乙脑病毒的RT-PCR方法,经敏感性,特异性试验测定,证明该方法敏感,特异;该法可检出样品稀释至256倍的鼠脑毒,相当于0.06个TCID50,对4株河北地区JEV分离株进行检测,结果所设计引物对4株病毒均能扩增出预期的片段。     

Incidence of non-laying in domestic hens.

1. Egg production records of 31,455 individually caged hens, 27 to 34 weeks of age and of 4 genotypes, were examined. 2. Sixty-nine non-layers were identified in the 30 to 40 week age group, and examined post mortem; an incidence of 2.1 per 1000. 3. Some of the 69 individuals had more than one abnormality. Forty-two percent were internal layers, 34% had some form of neoplasia, 24% had an abnormal or diseased oviduct, 18% were sex reversals, 16% had a diseased ovary, 8% were of poor condition and considered culls, and 7% were in good condition, but with small, immature ovaries. 4. Of 54 birds not in lay at 27 weeks, 43 (80%) had come into lay by 34 weeks of age. 5. Genotype influenced the incidence of neoplasia and, in turn, the number of non-layers.     

益生素、寡糖对三黄鸡生产性能及免疫机能的影响

将1日龄广东三黄鸡160只，随机分成5组，即对照组，试验1组(添加0．3％的益生素)，试验2组(添加0．2％的寡糖)，试验3组(添加0．3％的益生素和0．2％的寡糖)，试验4组(添加0.2％的益生素和0．1％的寡糖)，研究益生素和寡糖对肉鸡生产性能与免疫机能的影响。结果表明：饲料中添加益生素或寡糖均能显著提高肉鸡的平均日增重、饲料转化率、免疫器官指数、白细胞吞噬率及新城疫抗体效价，降低肉鸡死亡率。寡糖的作用效果前4周较明显．而益生素4周后较明显。同时添加益生素和寡糖对提高肉鸡生产性能与免疫机能具有协同作用。     

饮用天然高钼水诱发的钼中毒耕牛主要生物酶测定

本研究对高钼饮水诱导钼中毒的耕牛及对照牛的血浆及组织（肝脏、肺脏、肾脏、脾脏、心脏、肌肉）中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、黄嘌呤氧化酶（ＸＯＤ）及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）等３种生物酶活性进行了对比分析测定。结果表明,血浆和组织中ＳＯＤ、ＸＯＤ及ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ均随着钼中毒的加重其活性显著下降。这３种生物酶是钼中毒比较灵敏且相关较大的生化指标,对钼中毒具有一定诊断价值;测定ＳＯＤ。ＸＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ可作为钼中毒监测的重要手段。