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51.
Menacherry Sunil Paul M. Kočárek Martin Kacerova Tereza Kotíková Zora Kačer Petr Kodešová Radka 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2022,22(2):522-535
Journal of Soils and Sediments - Dissipation of pharmaceutical compounds entered into the natural environment is an important process minimizing the adverse effects on the living organisms. The aim... 相似文献
52.
Fu Zihao Hong Zijin Wei Junling Liao Yukai You Songlin Wang Yifan Lv Jianjing Feng Huan Kolenčík Marek Chang Xuexiu Qian Yu 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2022,22(9):2530-2547
Journal of Soils and Sediments - Sediment phosphorus fractionation, adsorption kinetics, and adsorption isotherm characteristics were studied in two rivers, Muyang River and Lengshui River in... 相似文献
53.
Tree-specific management practice related to individual tree physiological condition is necessary for higher quality and quantity in apple fruit production. Detection of apple flowering abundance based on analysis of HSL (hue, saturation, luminance) images was used to estimate the number of flower clusters (FC) of individual trees in a high density apple orchard. The image acquisition was performed with a still camera and an industrial color camera during the day and night. The FC estimation algorithm included HSL thresholding with parameter optimization. Three hypothetical, tree-specific management practices (sprayings) were assumed, using >25, >50 and >100 FC thresholds to carry out the practice. When an industrial camera was used for image acquisition during the daytime and hypothetical spraying was done by on/off criterion >100 FC per tree, 10 % incorrect executions were identified. Comparable FC counting performance was achieved by using a still camera or an industrial camera. 相似文献
54.
55.
A sublethal dose (0.1 pmol per honeybee, i.e., approx. 0.9 pmol/g body wt) of the synthetic pyrethroid, deltamethrin, was injected intrathoracically into the hemocoel of emerging bees and the biochemical effects were determined over a period of 3 hr. The variations in hemolymph concentrations of trehalose, glucose, phospholipid, steroid, and diacylglycerol were limited, but large variations were observed for other lipids. Mono- and triacylglycerols increased dramatically 1.5 hr after injections; then a peak of free fatty acid appeared at the same time (3 hr) as the monoacylglycerols reached their maximum and the triacylglycerols started to decrease. Atypical forms of triacylglycerols accumulated from 1.5 hr to a maximum level 2 hr after injection. Then, after 3 hr, the concentrations of regular fatty acids, monoacylglycerols, and atypical triacylglycerols returned to normal while longer-chain fatty acids and different forms of ceride simultaneously appeared. The gut alkaline phosphatase parameters (VM, K, and Hill coefficient) also showed large variations 1.5 and 2 hr after injection, indicating an initial inhibition phase followed by superimposed induction and inhibition mechanisms. These data are discussed according to the hemolymph-lipid transport scheme from the biosynthetic to the utilization sites. Hormone release associated to mitochondrial alteration could be responsible for the observed effects. 相似文献
56.
57.
Ivermectin is one of the most commonly used drugs in pharmacotherapy of parasitic diseases in domestic and wild animals caused
by parasitic nematodes and arthropods. However, ivermectin and other avermectins very often produce side-effects in hosts.
The most dominant clinical symptom of ivermectin toxicity in domestic and wild animals is CNS depression. In nematodes, the
target site of ivermectin’s action is glutamate-gated chloride-channel receptor and GABA receptor. The depressive effect of
ivermectin in mammals might include more than one mechanism; therefore, the anticonvulsive effect of ivermectin against convulsions
caused by lidocaine and strychnine was evaluated. Ivermectin antagonized lidocaine- and strychnine-induced convulsions in
rats, although these have different mechanisms. In the present study, the anticonvulsive ED50 of ivermectin for lidocaine-induced convulsions was 2.44 mg/kg (95% CL 1.67 to 3.57 mg/kg), whereas for convulsions induced
by strychnine it was higher at 4.25 mg/kg (95% CL 2.32 to 3.78 mg/kg). At the same time, both anticonvulsive doses are significantly
lower then the observed LD50 of ivermectin (18.20 mg/kg). Furthermore, flumazenil (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg), an antagonist of benzodiazepine receptors, antagonizes
just one part of these anticonvulsive effects of ivermectin. Our results show the significant anticonvulsive properties of
ivermectin and support the findings that ivermectin in the CNS of mammals produces multiple inhibitory effects, probably through
participation in the function of GABA-sensitive and GABA-insensitive chloride channels. 相似文献
58.
Numbers of chloroplasts and pollen grain pores in diploid and tetraploid varieties of some Trifolium species 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary In red clover (2n=14), berseem (2n=16) and in white clover (2n=32) the differences in the number of plastids in the leaf stomata and the number of germinal pores in the pollen grains between diploid and induced tetraploid plants was established.In all species the doubling of the chromosomes was followed by an increase in the number of plastids. This increase was about the same in all three species. The number of plastids in the stomata of the amphidiploid white clover was similar to that of the tetraploid types of red clover and berseem.The pollen grains of the diploid plants had almost exclusively three pores. The pollen grains of the chromosome doubled plants had predominantly more than three germinal pores.It was concluded that both characters can serve as useful indicators for establishing the polyploid level in the three clover species studied. 相似文献
59.
Nives Ogrinc Tjaša Kanduč Bor Krajnc Urša Vilhar Primož Simončič Lixin Jin 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(2):382-395
Purpose
Soil carbon dynamics were studied at four different forest stands developed on bedrocks with contrasting geology in Slovenia: one plot on magmatic granodiorite bedrock (IG), two plots on carbonate bedrock in the karstic-dinaric area (CC and CD), and one situated on Pleistocene coalluvial terraces (FGS).Materials and methods
Throughfall (TF) and soil water were collected monthly at each location from June to November during 2005–2007. In soil water, the following parameters were determined: T, pH, total alkalinity, concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and Cl? as well as δ13CDIC. On the other hand, in TF, only the Cl? content was measured. Soil and plant samples were also collected at forest stands, and stable isotope measurements were performed in soil and plant organic carbon and total nitrogen and in carbonate rocks. The obtained data were used to calculate the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and DOC fluxes. Statistic analyses were carried out to compare sites of different lithologies, at different spatial and temporal scales.Results and discussion
Decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) controlled by the climate can explain the 13C and 15?N enrichment in SOM at CC, CD, and FGS, while the soil microbial biomass makes an important contribution to the SOM at IG. The loss of DOC at a soil depth of 5 cm was estimated at 1 mol m?2 year?1 and shows no significant differences among the study sites. The DOC fluxes were mainly controlled by physical factors, most notably sorption dynamics, and microbial–DOC relationships. The pH and pCO2 of the soil solution controlled the DIC fluxes according to carbonate equilibrium reactions. An increased exchange between DIC and atmospheric air was observed for samples from non-carbonate subsoils (IG and FGS). In addition, higher δ13CDIC values up to ?19.4?‰ in the shallow soil water were recorded during the summer as a consequence of isotopic fractionation induced by molecular diffusion of soil CO2. The δ13CDIC values also suggest that half of the DIC derives from soil CO2 indicating that 2 to 5 mol m?2 year?1 of carbon is lost in the form of dissolved inorganic carbon at CC and CD after carbonate dissolution.Conclusions
Major difference in soil carbon dynamics between the four forest ecosystems is a result of the combined influence of bedrock geology, soil texture, and the sources of SOM. Water flux was a critical parameter in quantifying carbon depletion rates in dissolved organic and inorganic carbon forms.60.
Štěpán Růžička 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,83(3-4):205-218
The interaction between high concentrations of polluting gases (SO2 and NOx) and damaged forest ecosystems was observed by studying throughfall precipitation in the Erzegebirge Mountains, Northern Bohemia. Qualitative and quantitative data on throughfall for the period November 1989–October 1990 are presented. Weighted averages of SO 4 2? and NO 3 ? concentrations in the throughfall were 23.05 mg L?1 and 13.61 mg L?1 in a beech and 34.41 mg L?1 and 11.03 mg L?1 in a spruce forest respectively. Three variables (the molar ratios of K/Na, Ntot/S and N-NO3/N-NE4) were used to compare the spruce throughfall quality to that observed in areas with similar however, less damaged spruce stands. Both K/Na and N-NO3/N-NH4 ratios clearly decreased with increasing tree damage, the Ntot/S ratio increased. The results suggest that the throughfall in damaged ecosystems of the Erzegebirge region becomes more like a wet precipitation as the tree canopies get sparser and the trees reduce canopy leaching. 相似文献