Normal values and incidence of cardiorespiratory complications in dogs during general anaesthesia. A review of 1281 cases

This paper describes the cardiorespiratory variables and the incidence of anaesthetic complications in dogs. For this, a retrospective study of 1281 anaesthesias was performed. Heart rate (HR), non-invasive mean arterial (MAP), systolic (SP) and diastolic pressures (DP), invasive mean arterial (IMAP), systolic (ISP) and diastolic pressures (IDP), central venous pressure (CVP), respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (V(T)), minute volume (V(M)), end-tidal CO(2) (EtCO(2)), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), temperature (T) and death are reported. Data were described both globally and separately for each ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiologists classification) status. An ANOVA and a Tukey's test were used for comparing the different ASA status' values (alpha=0.05). During anaesthetic maintenance, the mean +/- SD of the studied variables were: HR: 91+/-27 bpm. MAP: 86+/-24 mmHg. IMAP: 80+/-22 mmHg. SP: 114+/-25 mmHg. ISP: 109+/-26 mmHg. DP: 67+/-23 mmHg. IDP: 66+/-22 mmHg. CVP: 5+/-3 mmHg. RR: 19+/-11 rpm. V(T): 14+/-7 ml/kg. V(M): 191+/-93 ml/kg/min. EtCO(2): 40+/-8 mmHg. T: 37.1+/-1.7 degrees C. ASA III and ASA IV patients, compared with those with ASA I, showed higher values of HR, RR, V(T) and V(M) and lower in IMAP, CVP, EtCO(2), SpO(2) and T. The most frequent complications were bradycardia (36.3% of the patients), hypotension (37.9%), hypoventilation (63.4%), hypoxia (16.4%), hypothermia (4.8%) and death (0.9%). Cardiorespiratory complications frequently occur in dogs during general anaesthesia.     

Fumigant bioactivity of five Citrus essential oils against Tribolium confusum

During the past decades, the huge use of pesticides caused several environmental problems, so research investigations moved to find a series of compounds with selective toxicity, of a biodegradable and environment-friendly nature, maintaining a positive action in crop and stored products protection. In this perspective, interesting results in the control of pests and fungal pathogens were obtained using essential oils, which are compounds produced by many species of plants as secondary metabolites. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the fumigant activity of five Citrus essential oils against the confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum Du Val, planning a possible employment in the mill industry. The fumigant effectiveness was evaluated 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days after the start of exposure and each essential oil was analyzed by means of GC and GC/MS. Further evaluations about the toxicity of these compounds were made by partially filling the glass vials with food matrix, in order to assess the possible interference of this matter on the active compounds. The data obtained indicated that, at a low level of fumigant concentration, essential oils can effectively control stored product pests; in the presence of debris, like flour, the efficacy decreased. Plant extracts caused also increased mortality levels after the end of fumigation. The results obtained from this experimentation confirm the efficacy of essential oils in pest control and, in particular, against stored product pests.     

化工原理实验教学改革的实践与体会

化工原理实验课作为化工原理课程的一个重要教学环节 ,其基本任务是使学生加深理解和巩固化工原理课程中阐述的理论 ,培养学生解决工程问题的能力并掌握一定的实验操作技能 ,通过对实验现象的观察、分析和讨论来培养学生独立思考问题和解决问题的能力。经过多年的教学实践和改革起到了一定的效果 ,特别是组织学生兴趣小组先后开发了化工原理实验的实验数据处理软件和化工原理实验仿真软件 ,在实验内容和实验手段方面进行了改革 ,提高了学生参与实验的积极性 ,从多方面培养了学生的动手能力。     

Acute fluoxetine treatment increases aggressiveness in juvenile matrinxã (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Brycon amazonicus)</Emphasis>

Fluoxetine (FLX) is a selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor known for its effects modifying aggressiveness, personality traits, and anxiety-like behaviors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the acute treatment, by immersion, with FLX on aggressive behavior of resident Brycon amazonicus fish. Fish pretreated with FLX presented an increase in aggressiveness, evidenced by the increase on the number of bites and chases against the intruder and a decrease in latency for the first attack, when compared to control fish. Together with previous studies, these results show the complexity of the neural modulation of the aggressive behavior in fish by 5-HTergic system.     

Biofloc management with different flow rates for solids removal in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Litopenaeus vannamei</Emphasis> BFT culture system

Different water flows for solids removal in the Litopenaeus vannamei BFT system were evaluated. One control (no solids removal) and two treatments using different water flows, high (3945 L h^?1—HF) and low (1750 L h^?1—LF), were used with no water replenishment after each process, and the total dry weight of the solids was measured. L. vannamei (0.18 ± 0.06 g; 350 individuals m^?2) were stocked in 35-m^?3 tanks. For 17 weeks, the physical and chemical parameters were maintained within the recommended. To keep the total suspended solids concentrations at approximately 500–600 mg L^?1, clarifying was performed. The average water volume flowed by clarifiers was significantly different (p < 0.05) between HF (205 ± 34 m³) and LF (114 ± 24 m³). There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the final tank volume in HF (28.09 ± 0.92 m³) and LF (28.62 ± 1.38 m³) due to the clarifying. Before clarifying (initial sample) and at the end of experiment (final sample) were not significantly different (p > 0.05) for crude protein, moisture or ash. The crude lipid of the LF in the final period was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to others in both periods. The survival, productivity and food conversion ratio were significantly better (p < 0.05) in the HF and LF treatments compared to those of the control. The best shrimp performance was obtained with solids removal. The lower flow in the clarifier facilitated particle settling, allowing adjustment of the flow.     

甘蔗水肥时空耦合研究进展（英文）

水肥耦合是争取甘蔗高产、高效、高糖的必由之路。在甘蔗生产中,水肥一体化时空调控技术是我国蔗区生态农业可持续健康发展的一个重要方向。文章从时间与空间上综述了国内外近几年来水肥耦合效应在甘蔗上的研究进展以及取得的一些主要成果,并分析了水肥时空耦合效应在甘蔗上的应用前景,并提出了今后需要进一步研究的方向。     

高效降解纤维素菌系的筛选分离及复合菌系的构建

为了从土壤及腐烂的秸秆中筛选一组高效降解纤维素的复合菌系,并研究其在天然纤维素中的应用。通过采用刚果红染色液法对分离的菌株初步筛选,利用 DNS法测定纤维素酶活力。选取无拮抗高效降解纤维素菌株进行组合培养构建降解纤维素复合菌系。结果表明,3株真菌混合培养后酶活力效果优于单一菌株。经过形态学和分子生物学鉴定,真菌 F1为葡萄座腔菌（Botryosphaeria）、F2为米根霉（Rhizopus oryzae）及 F5为尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）。复合培养后,在碳源为秸秆时,单菌株酶活值分别为 F139.2 IU/ml, F231.4 IU/ml,F540.6 IU/ml,真菌组合 F1+F2+F5培养后酶活值为50.12 IU/ml,复合真菌系酶活值比 F5单菌株提高了23%。通过实验研究得出复合菌系对纤维素的降解效果优于单一菌株,菌株 F1、F2和 F5具有潜在的开发价值。