玉米苗期耐碱性鉴定方法研究

在三叶一心期,用一定浓度梯度的Na2CO3溶液（5～25mmol·L^-1）对玉米幼苗进行胁迫处理,观察其生长情况,7d后测定地上部分株高、鲜重、干重等生理指标。研究表明,各项生理指标均随Na2CO3溶液浓度的增加而降低,并在各碱浓度间、自交系间达极显著差异。综合苗情及各生理指标的变化,初步确定可以将25mmol·L^-1 Na2CO3溶液作为玉米苗期耐碱性筛选的理想浓度,将该浓度下的苗情及株高、鲜重、干重及含水量变化率作为玉米苗期耐碱性筛选的鉴定指标。     

多代驯化对布氏田鼠非繁殖期性激素本底水平的影响

为阐明驯化过程对季节性繁殖的布氏田鼠Lasiopodomys brandtii性腺活性的影响,采用放射免疫技术从秋季(11月)至翌年春季(3月)对室内驯化1月、3年和10年的雌雄鼠粪便中的性激素水平进行监测。结果显示,在11—12月非繁殖季节,驯化10年组雄鼠睾酮水平分别达到3年组和1月组的3.5倍和13.3倍,驯化10年组雌鼠雌二醇水平分别达到3年组和1月组的2.0倍和3.7倍,且差异均达到显著水平;长期(3年和10年)驯化组雄鼠在繁殖初期(1—3月)的睾酮水平也较短期驯化组显示出更大幅度的提升。表明在经历长期驯化后布氏田鼠对稳定的室内环境逐渐适应,非繁殖期性腺活性抑制的程度逐渐减弱,呈现出随驯化时长增加而逐渐递增的趋势,从而导致鼠类繁殖表型发生了可塑性变化。     

卷丹转基因体系构建及岷江百合LrCCoAOMT的导入

以卷丹(Lilium lancifolium Thunb.)无菌小鳞片为试材,通过切片处理、优化农杆菌侵染浓度与时间以及重悬液和共培养基成分,构建农杆菌介导的高效遗传转化体系。结果表明,MS+1.5 mg·L^-16-BA+0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA+30 g·L^-1蔗糖是切片芽分化的最佳培养基,添加100 mg·L^-1抗坏血酸能有效抑制褐化并促进不定芽增殖。MS+2.0 mg·L^-1 NAA+30 g·L^-1蔗糖是生根诱导的最佳培养基。抗生素敏感性测试发现,培养基中添加Kan 100 mg·L^-1或Hyg 75 mg·L^-1结合Cef 400 mg·L^-1适宜抗性筛选。GUS染色分析表明,以去除大量元素的改良MS+100μmol·L^-1AS和去除大量元素的改良MS+1.0mg·L^-16-BA+1.0mg·L^-1NAA+100...     

2018年夏季南奥克尼群岛南极磷虾集群特征

基于2018年夏季南奥克尼群岛南极磷虾资源声学调查数据,本研究对该海域南极磷虾集群进行了分析。结果显示,检测到南极磷虾集群3 224个,反映集群特征的5个参数即深度、长度、厚度、面积及密度分别为(96.00±64.33) m、(218.52±455.66) m、(11.19±13.98) m、(1 894.40±9 345.72) m2和(114.11±159.60)尾/m³;不同时间段之间集群密度无显著性差异,但集群深度、长度、厚度及面积之间均存在显著性差异。不同水层间集群厚度和面积之间无显著性差异,但集群深度,长度和密度均存在显著性差异。南极磷虾集群共分为三类,其中第Ⅰ类集群密度最大,为(325.90±221.30)尾/m³;集群规模最小,为(379.64±433.73) m²;深度最深,为(158.06±67.54) m。第Ⅱ类集群的长度最长,为(1 089.60±1 189.56) m;集群面积为(15 601.25±30 243.33) m²,远大于其他集群。第Ⅲ类集群深度最浅,为(78....     

推动鄂南竹产业转型发展的路径

湖北省咸宁市素有“鄂南竹乡”美誉,竹产业是基地面积最大的林业特色产业,推动竹产业转型升级已纳入咸宁市经济社会发展的“十五件大事”之一。文中系统分析了咸宁市竹产业发展面临的挑战和机遇,围绕“优化一产、深化二产、强化三产”的思路提出了咸宁市竹产业发展的主攻方向和重点发展领域,提出了基金推动、科技驱动、服务促动、示范带动和消费拉动等加快推进咸宁竹产业高质量发展的对策。     

Eremophilane-Type Sesquiterpenes from a Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium Copticola with Antitumor and Neuroprotective Activities

Chemical examination of a marine sponge-associated Penicillium copticola fungus resulted in the isolation of ten undescribed eremophilanes, namely copteremophilanes A–J (1–10), along with two new glycosides, 5-glycopenostatin F (11) and 5-glucopenostatin I (12). Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic data, in association with ECD data and chemical conversions for configurational assignments. Analogs 1, 2, and 10 represent a group of uncommon skeletons of eremophilanes with an aromatic ring and a methyl migration from C-5 to C-9, and analogs 11 and 12 are characteristic of a PKS scaffold bearing a glucose unit. The incorporation of a chlorinated phenylacetic unit in 3–9 is rarely found in nature. Analog 7 showed neuroprotective effect, whereas 8 exhibited selective inhibition against human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549). This study enriched the chemical diversity of eremophilanes and extended their bioactivities to neuroprotection.     

代谢酶抑制剂PX对除草剂防除稗草的增效作用

为解决除草剂防除困难的问题,采用室内盆栽试验测定了PX、PM和Mn²⁺三种代谢酶抑制剂对精喹禾灵、莠去津、烟嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮和烯禾啶防除稗草Echinochloa crus-galli的增效作用,测定不同用量代谢酶抑制剂PX对这5种除草剂的增效作用及其与莠去津混用后稗草体内谷胱甘肽转移酶（glutathione S-transferase,GST）和细胞色素 P450（cytochrome P450,CYP450）活性的变化。结果显示,在3种代谢酶抑制剂中,代谢酶抑制剂PX对精喹禾灵、莠去津、烟嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮和烯禾啶5种除草剂的增效作用最显著。不同用量代谢酶抑制剂PX对不同除草剂的增效作用不同,其中75 g (a.i.)/hm²代谢酶抑制剂PX对莠去津的增效最佳,株防除效果和鲜重防除效果分别增加了35.33个百分点和37.33个百分点。莠去津与代谢酶抑制剂PX混用后,稗草体内GST和CYP450活性均较对照显著降低。表明除草剂与代谢酶抑制剂PX混用能增加除草剂对稗草的防除效果,可以达到减施除草剂的目的。     

Identification,Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Agar is widely applied across the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, owing to its various bioactive functions. To better understand the agar biosynthesis in commercial seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the activities of four enzymes participating in the agar biosynthesis were detected, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) was confirmed as highly correlated with agar accumulation. Three genes of PGM (GlPGM1, GlPGM2 and GlPGM3) were identified from the G. lemaneiformis genome. The subcellular localization analysis validated that GlPGM1 was located in the chloroplast and GlPGM3 was not significantly distributed in the organelles. Both the GlPGM1 and GlPGM3 protein levels showed a remarkable consistency with the agar variations, and GlPGM3 may participate in the carbon flux between (iso)floridoside, floridean starch and agar synthesis. After treatment with the PGM inhibitor, the agar and floridean starch contents and the activities of floridean starch synthase were significantly decreased; products identified in the Calvin cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were depressed; however, lipids, phenolic acids and the intermediate metabolites, fructose-1,6-phosphate were upregulated. These findings reveal the essential role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between agar and other carbohydrates in G. lemaneiformis, providing a guide for the artificial regulation of agar accumulation.     

七子花种群遗传多样性和遗传分化的RAPD分析

 利用RAPD技术研究了浙江省9个七子花天然种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化。结果显示, 七子花遗传多样性水平较低, 种群间遗传分化明显, 9个种群可以聚为两个大的分支。分析认为, 七子花自身的生物学特点以及片断化时的取样效应是种群间遗传分化的主要原因。最后提出了两点当前应采取的七子花保护措施。     

蔬菜作物多倍体育种研究进展

对蔬菜作物多倍体育种研究的主要进展进行了综述。重点对蔬菜多倍体的 获得途径、多倍体的植物学特征、同源三倍体的不育性、四倍体的低稔性、抗逆性研究进行了综述，介绍了多倍体在蔬菜育种上的应用，并提出了蔬菜多倍体育种尚待解决 的关键问题。