5份武夷山乌龙茶种质资源的评价筛选

[目的]筛选适合武夷山地区种植的乌龙茶种质资源,为该地区茶树种质资源的利用和推广提供参考依据.[方法]在福建省武夷山进行乌龙茶品种区域试验,对比分析参试5份乌龙茶种质资源(品系8、品系9、品系10、品系11和品系12)的物候期、发芽密度、鲜叶产量、生化成分、感官品质和抗性.[结果]品系9的采摘期较早,品系10和品系12的采摘期居中,品系11的采摘期较晚,品系8的采摘期特晚,说明供试5份乌龙茶种质资源的物候期呈现梯度,茶采摘期呈合理分布状态.品系9和品系11在2015—2017年的平均发芽密度分别比CK增加7.79%和6.56%,而其他种质资源低于CK,品系9和品系11的平均鲜叶产量分别比CK增加3.53%和20.46%,其他种质资源的平均鲜叶产量均明显低于CK;5个品系的水浸出物含量分别为46.89%、47.81%、48.08%、48.22%和49.09%,均极显著高于CK(P<0.01).综合来看品系9和品质11表现较佳;品系9香气表现最好,评分为27.0;品系10的感官品质最佳,为91.1,比CK高4.7.品系9和品系11的抗寒性均优于CK,抗旱性二者均为强;品系11的抗虫性高于CK,品系9抗虫性为中抗,综合抗逆性指标以品系11表现最优.[结论]品系9和品系11乌龙茶种质资源适合在武夷山地区及生态类似地区推广种植.     

柠檬花精油挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

[目的]对柠檬8份种质资源的花进行精油提取和成分分析鉴定,分析8种柠檬花精油挥发性成分组成差异和相似度,为柠檬花资源的开发利用、不同种质柠檬亲缘关系鉴定及优质柠檬种质的筛选提供基础数据.[方法]利用水蒸气蒸馏法对福建省泉州市国家农业科技园区果蔬园柠檬良种筛选圃内尤力克、费米耐劳、印度大果、越南四季柠檬、台湾香水柠檬、漳州本地柠檬、北京柠檬和江苏2号等8份种质资源的花进行精油提取,运用气相色谱—质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析和鉴定其挥发性成分,并采用SPSS 22.0进行相似度分析.[结果]8份柠檬花精油出油率为0.052%~0.139%.共鉴定出151种挥发性成分,其中萜烯类52种、醇类47种、酯类15种、醛类11种、酮类10种、烷烃类7种、酚类4种、其他5种.尤力克共鉴定出挥发性成分54种,费米耐劳67种,印度大果27种,越南四季柠檬78种,台湾香水柠檬27种,漳州本地柠檬45种,北京柠檬42种,江苏2号42种.8份柠檬花精油共有成分8种,分别为D-柠檬烯、β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、β-石竹烯、柠檬醛、芳樟醇、α-松油醇和香叶醇;特异性成分78种,其中尤力克6种、费米耐劳19种、印度大果2种、越南四季柠檬29种、台湾香水柠檬4种、漳州本地柠檬3种、北京柠檬7种、江苏2号8种.柠檬花精油中以萜烯类(35.29%~80.81%)、醇类(7.91%~43.04%)和醛类(0.19%~14.67%)相对含量较多,其中萜烯类中相对含量较高的有D-柠檬烯、β-蒎烯和3-蒈烯,醇类中相对含量较高的有合金欢醇和芳樟醇,醛类中相对含量较高的是柠檬醛.8份柠檬花精油间关系最近的是北京柠檬与江苏2号,相似度为0.996,最远的是越南四季柠檬与台湾香水柠檬,相似度为0.650.[结论]不同柠檬花精油出油率和成分的差异反映柠檬不同种质间的遗传差异.同时,柠檬花精油中含有的成分具有良好的开发和应用价值.     

烟草粉螟不同烟叶存放区域消长规律

为探明烟草粉螟在烟叶仓储时的发生规律,以便实施精准防控。在施秉县不同烤房群、烟农 库房及收购点仓库,利用性诱剂对烟草粉螟进行监测。结果表明烟草粉螟在不同烟叶存放区域的始 发期、高峰期和终结期都不尽相同,同一种存区域的烟草粉螟消长规律也不相同。     

毕节市油茶产业发展现状及对策

油茶作为世界四大木本食用油料植物之一,在林业产业和山区经济发展中占有十分重要的 地位。近年来,毕节将油茶产业作为助推脱贫攻坚的重要支柱产业之一,大力发展。文章介绍了毕节 市近年推进油茶产业的一些主要做法,并指出了当前发展油茶产业存在的一些问题,针对问题,提供 了现阶段的一些对策,以期为促进全市油茶产业发展,助推脱贫攻坚提供一定的理论依据。     

Effects of sediment load on the abrasion of soil aggregate and hydraulic parameters in experimental overland flow

The breakdown of soil aggregates under rainfall and their abrasion in overland flow are important processes in water erosion due to the production of more fine and transportable particles and, the subsequent significant effect on the erosion intensity. Currently, little is known about the effects of sediment load on the soil aggregate abrasion and the relationship of this abrasion with some related hydraulic parameters. Here, the potential effects of sediment load on soil aggregate abrasion and hydraulic parameters in overland flow were investigated through a series of experiments in a 3.8-m-long hydraulic flume at the slope gradients of 8.7 and 26.8%, unit flow discharges from 2×10~(–3) to 6×10~(–3) m~2 s~(-1), and the sediment concentration from 0 to 110 kg m~(–3). All the aggregates from Ultisols developed Quaternary red clay, Central China. The results indicated that discharge had the most significant(P0.01) effect on the aggregates abrasion with the contributions of 58.76 and 60.34%, followed by sediment feed rate, with contributions of 39.66 and 34.12% at the slope gradients of 8.7 and 26.8%, respectively. The abrasion degree of aggregates was found to increase as a power function of the sediment concentration. Meanwhile, the flow depth, friction factor, and shear stress increased as a power function along with the increase of sediment concentration at different slope gradients and discharges. Reynolds number was obviously affected by sediment concentration and it decreased as sediment concentration increased. The ratio of the residual weight to the initial weight of soil aggregates(Wr/Wi) was found to increase as the linear function with an increasing flow depth(P=0.008) or Reynolds number(P=0.002) in the sediment-laden flow. The Wr/Wi values followed a power function decrease with increasing friction factor or shear stress in the sediment-laden flow, indicating that friction factor is the best hydraulic parameter for prediction of soil aggregate abrasion under different sediment load conditions. The information regarding the soil aggregate abrasion under various sediment load conditions can facilitate soil process-based erosion modeling.     

Long-term fertilization leads to specific PLFA finger-prints in Chinese Hapludults soil

Soil microbes play essential roles in the biogeochemical processes of organic carbon and nutrient cycling. Many studies have reported various short-term effects of fertilization on soil microbes. However, less is known about the effects of longterm fertilization regimes on the rhizosphere. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore how the soil microbial communities in the rhizosphere respond to different long-term fertilization strategies. Based on a 21-year field treatment experiment in Guizhou, China, we extracted phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs) to determine the microbial community structure in both the non-rhizosphere(NR) and rhizosphere(R). Six treatments were included: no fertilizer(CK), mineral nitrogen fertilizer(N), N with potassium(NK), phosphorus with K(PK), NPK, and NPK combined with manure(MNPK). The results showed that total PLFAs under unbalanced mineral fertilization(N, NK and PK) were decreased by 45% on average in the NR compared with CK, whereas MNPK increased fungi and G~– bacteria abundance significantly in both the NR(by 33 and 23%) and R(by 15 and 20%), respectively. In addition, all microbial groups in the R under these treatments(N, NK and PK) were significantly increased relative to those in the NR, except for the ratio of F/B and G~+/G~–, which might be due to the high nutrient availability in the R. Soil pH and SOC significantly regulated the soil microbial community and structure, explaining 51 and 20% of the variation in the NR, respectively. However, the rhizosphere microbial community structure was only significantly affected by soil pH(31%). We concluded that the soil microbial community in the NR was more strongly affected by long-term fertilization than that in the R due to the rhizosphere effect in the agricultural ecosystem. Rhizosphere nutrient conditions and buffering capacity could help microbial communities resist the change from the long-term fertilization.     

辽宁省果树科学研究所梨育种回顾与展望

作者对辽宁省果树科学研究所近40年来育种工作进行了系统的回顾,包括杂交育种、芽变选种、实生选种等不同育种方法及在梨果实性状遗传规律方面取得的成就等。并对未来的育种趋势进行了展望。     

大数据视角下的食用菌电商发展路径

鉴于目前食用菌电商在发展过程中面临着食用菌电商流程亟待完善、缺乏食用菌安全体系、缺乏食用菌电商人才以及缺乏知名食用菌品牌等困境,从食用菌生产销售主体角度,基于大数据视角出发,利用大数据优化食用菌电商流程,建设以大数据为支撑的食用菌安全体系,以大数据应用能力为导向培养食用菌电商人才,依托大数据建设知名食用菌品牌。     

饥饿情况下蠋蝽种内互残行为发生时期及影响

为明确饥饿情况下蠋蝽种内残杀行为的发生时期和影响因素,指导蠋蝽规模化繁育和释放,本文研究了不同发育时期和密度下的蠋蝽种内残杀行为。研究发现：蠋蝽对卵粒的种内互残行为主要发生在饥饿24 h以内,雌性蠋蝽对卵粒的取食行为显著强于雄性蠋蝽,取食比例是雄性的2.80～3.25倍、取食量是雄性的18.75～21.20倍,雌性取食下的卵粒羽化率为70.66%,显著低于雄性和对照的86.59%和87.88%。发育时期和饲养密度均显著影响蠋蝽的种内残杀行为,主要发生在饥饿后的19.63～36.00 h,并且1、2、3龄若虫没有表现出种内残杀行为,4龄以后种内残杀行为显著;低密度下蠋蝽种内互残行为不显著,但高密度会增强种内互残行为,且随密度的增加,种内互残行为显著增强。