冬季饮水温度对断奶仔猪生长性能与行为的影响

饮水是猪只健康生长的基本条件,但饮水温度是养猪生产中常被忽略的重要因素。饮水温度不适宜将导致猪饮水不足和各种肠道性疾病的发生,严重影响其健康。有关不同饮水温度对断奶仔猪生长性能和行为影响的研究较少,同时现有恒温饮水装置主要用于奶牛饮水,并不适用于规模化猪场,也未在养猪产业内应用推广。为确定适宜断奶仔猪的饮水温度并实现冬季精准恒温饮水,该研究设计了一套利用温度传感器、温控仪等实现自动加热保温的恒温饮水装置,并分析饮水管路的热特性,确定了舍内空气温度、保温桶容积与饮水管路进水温度设定值之间的关系;基于该恒温饮水装置,对比研究了饮水温度分别为13、25、30 ℃时对断奶仔猪饮水量、生长性能、健康指标和行为的影响。结果表明：25 ℃的饮水能显著提高仔猪的日饮水量（P<0.05）、饮水行为比例和活动行为比例（P<0.05）、频次（P<0.05）,能提高仔猪的日增质量,降低料重比（P<0.05）,降低断奶仔猪的发病率和腹泻率（P<0.05）。该研究结果以期为动物福利化养殖模式的改进提供理论参考。     

Zirconium-Modified Activated Sludge as a Low-Cost Adsorbent for Phosphate Removal in Aqueous Solution

A highly effective zirconium-modified activated sludge (Zr(IV)-AS) adsorbent was prepared from activated sludge and applied to remove phosphate from aqueous solutions by batch and column experiments. Characterized results revealed that zirconium was successfully loaded onto the activated sludge (AS), and the specific surface area and pore volume were substantially improved after zirconium loading on the AS. Zr(IV)-AS exhibited a high adsorption affinity for phosphate and the maximum adsorption amount was 27.55 mg P·g^?1 at 25 °C. Adsorption isotherms of phosphate could be described by the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetics were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. Phosphate adsorption on Zr(IV)-AS increased monotonically with decreasing solution pH. The presence of SO₄^2? in water resulted in slightly decreased phosphate adsorption on the adsorbent even at a high concentration (25 mmol/L), and a greater influence of HCO₃^? on adsorption could be ascribed to the increased solution pH with the addition of the HCO₃^?. Column adsorption experimental results showed that the adsorbent has excellent phosphate adsorption properties and that the effluent can meet the requirement of phosphorus in the national wastewater discharge standard of China. Phosphate-saturated Zr(IV)-AS can be effectively desorbed in 0.1 mol L^?1 NaOH solution, and the regenerated adsorbent still possessed the high capacity. The adsorption between the adsorbent and the phosphate is due to the electrostatic interaction and anionic exchange at the surface of the Zr(IV)-AS. Furthermore, this approach provides a possibility of treating wastewater with waste and has the potential for industrial applications for the removal of phosphate from wastewater.     

Evaluation of palygorskite for remediation of Cd-polluted soil with different water conditions

Purpose

The study aimed at comparing the effects of different water managements on soil Cd immobilization using palygorskite, which was significant for the selection of reasonable water condition.

Materials and methods

Field experiment was taken to discuss the in situ remediation effects of palygorskite on Cd-polluted paddy soils, under different water managements, using a series of variables, including pH and extractable Cd in soils, plant Cd, enzyme activity, and microorganism number in soils.

Results and discussion

In control group, the pH in continuous flooding was the highest under three water conditions, and compared to conventional irrigation, continuous flooding reduced brown rice Cd by 37.9%, and brown rice Cd in wetting irrigation increased by 31.0%. In palygorskite treated soils, at concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 g kg^?1, brown rice Cd reduced by 16.7, 44.4, and 55.6%; 13.8, 34.5, and 44.8%; and 13.1, 36.8, and 47.3% under continuous flooding, conventional irrigation, and wetting irrigation (p < 0.05), respectively. The enzyme activity and microbial number increased after applying palygorskite to paddy soils.

Conclusions

Continuous flooding was a good candidate as water management for soil Cd stabilization using palygorskite. Rise in soil enzyme activity and microbial number proved that ecological function regained after palygorskite application.

     

化肥施用对中国粮食产量的贡献率分析——基于主成分回归C-D生产函数模型的实证研究

施肥是农业持续发展的重要措施,施用化肥对中国粮食安全的保障作用是投入其他生产要素所不能替代的,掌握化肥的增产效应从指导农业生产及确定科学有效的施肥方案方面来说,都具有重要的理论与实践意义。分析了化肥施用量与粮食产量之间的关系,选取粮食作物播种面积、农用机械总动力、有效灌溉面积、化肥施用量和农业从业人员为中国粮食产量的影响因素,采用主成分回归C-D生产函数模型,计算了化肥投入对粮食增产的弹性及贡献率。结果表明：化肥施用与粮食产量之间存在较强的正相关关系;1978—2010年间化肥投入对粮食产量增长的弹性值为0.18,贡献率达20.79%,化肥对粮食增产的弹性和贡献与以往的研究结果相比略有下降,单位质量化肥投入带来的实际粮食产量增加量有所减少,但化肥投入仍是影响粮食产量增长的重要因素。     

农作物种子检验的意义、内容与展望

农作物种子检验是农业生产的根基,扎实做好农作物种子检验工作确保种子质量,对维护农民权益和种子产品国际化至关重要。本文阐述了种子检验的内容、意义、存在的问题和未来发展方向,以供相关人员参考。     

水稻‘甬优15’分期播种的气象条件适宜性试验研究

研究旨在通过分期播种试验,得到水稻‘甬优15’在本地播种最适宜播期,以提高其产量及品质。根据2016—2020年龙游国家农业气象试验站‘甬优15’分期播种试验数据和2018—2019年水稻品质数据,通过对比试验,得到‘甬优15’的产量与品质和播期的关系。结果表明：（1）播期对‘甬优15’的全生育天数和灌浆期天数有一定影响,主要表现为播期越晚全生育天数减少,灌浆期延长;（2）22℃是灌浆期水稻正常发育阈值,低于22℃的灌浆期平均气温会明显增加水稻灌浆乳熟时间;（3）‘甬优15’水稻直链淀粉含量普遍在10%左右,较易糊化,蛋白质含量接近7%,口感与营养含量较为平衡;（4）当播期推迟至6月中旬之后,‘甬优15’产量有明显降低,品质也有所下降;（5）‘甬优15’播种期控制在5月下旬6月上旬,能明显改善龙游本地单季晚稻产量。     

茶叶中EGCG功效研究进展

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)药理作用已经得到了国内外一些研究人员的认可。近年来科学工作者已经越来越多将注意力集中于儿茶素上,尤其是其中的单体之一表没食子儿茶素没食子酸脂(EGCG)最引人注目。本文就近年来对EGCG药理作用、机理进行阐述,为探索EGCG的药用价值提供参考依据。     

Effects of inbreeding on nodal root system morphology and architecture of white clover (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trifolium repens</Emphasis> L.)

Plants of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivar Crau, a self-fertile Crau genotype, and nine generations of inbred progeny were raised in sand culture in a glasshouse experiment. Digital images of the root systems were made and root morphological characteristics were determined on all the plants. Root architectural parameters were measured on the Crau parent and the S₁, S₄, S₆, and S₉ inbred lines. The clover roots became shorter and thicker with inbreeding but the number of root tips per plant was unchanged. Root architecture (branching pattern) was largely unaffected by inbreeding. It is concluded that inbreeding white clover will lead to shorter, thicker roots, and reduced nutrient uptake efficiency compared with the parent clover. The degree to which these deleterious traits are overcome during the development of F₁ hybrids needs to be determined.     

畜产品加工概论课程多媒体课件的开发研究

介绍了以畜产品加工概论为理论框架,以Authorware和Microsoft PowerPoint为开发平台的多媒体课件开发过程。对素材的处理、绘制,动画的制作、后期合成渲染及压缩,视频采集和后期处理,课件结构编写、程序设计的方法进行了详细说明。     

The inheritance of chemical phenotype in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cannabis sativa</Emphasis> L. (III): variation in cannabichromene proportion

The mechanism that controls the proportion of cannabichromene (CBC), a potential pharmaceutical, in the cannabinoid fraction of Cannabis sativa L. is explored. As with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), CBC is an enzymatic conversion product of the precursor cannabigerol (CBG). CBC is reported to dominate the cannabinoid fraction of juveniles and to decline with maturation. This ontogeny was confirmed in inbred lines with different mature chemotypes. A consistent CBC presence was found in early leaves from a diverse clone collection, suggesting that CBC synthase is encoded by a fixed locus. Morphological variants possessing a ‘prolonged juvenile chemotype’ (PJC), a substantial proportion of CBC persisting up to maturity, are presented. PJC is associated with a reduced presence of floral bracts, bracteoles, and capitate-stalked trichomes. Genetic factors causing these features were independent of the allelic chemotype locus B that was previously postulated and regulates THC and CBD synthesis and CBG accumulation. In contrast to previously described Cannabis chemotypes, the cannabinoid composition of PJCs showed plasticity in that reduced light levels increased the CBC proportion. The ability of PJC plants to enable the production of pharmaceutical raw material with high CBC purity is demonstrated.