3种生物饵料对宽体金线蛭幼蛭生长性能、消化酶活性及免疫力的影响

本试验采用试验生态学方法,分析比较3种生物饵料对宽体金线蛭幼蛭生长性能、消化酶活性及免疫力的影响。将初始平均体质量为(0.027±0.010)g的宽体金线蛭幼蛭随机分为3组,每组设置3个重复,每个重复放置60条幼蛭。3组幼蛭分别以螺蛳(作为对照)、漂螺、蚯蚓为生物饵料。结果显示:漂螺组幼蛭体质量、体长及体宽3项生长指标均显著高于其他2组(P<0.05),3组之间幼蛭成活率无显著差异(P>0.05),整体生长性能由高至低依次为漂螺组、螺蛳组、蚯蚓组。幼蛭体质量与体长、体宽及体积的相关性由强到弱依次为体积(R^2=0.912 0)、体长(R^2=0.8888)、体宽(R^2=0.7717)。幼蛭蛋白酶活性3组之间无显著差异(P>0.05),螺蛳组幼蛭淀粉酶活性显著高于漂螺组和蚯蚓组(P<0.05),漂螺组幼蛭脂肪酶活性显著高于螺蛳组和蚯蚓组(P<0.05)。幼蛭超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T AOC)3组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。螺蛳组幼蛭碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性显著高于漂螺组和蚯蚓组(P<0.05)。蚯蚓组幼蛭过氧化氢酶(CAT)、溶菌酶(LZM)活性显著高于螺蛳组和漂螺组(P<0.05),螺蛳组和漂螺组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综合分析得出漂螺对宽体金线蛭幼蛭的促生长作用最佳,并建议依据漂螺营养成分制定幼蛭饲料营养标准,同时可将蚯蚓作为饲料免疫添加剂成分。     

蜂产品加工产业的发展对策探讨

蜂产品加工业在推进农业产业化和促进农村经济持续健康发展水平方面,有着非常重要的作用。现阶段蜂产品加工企业存在企业规模小、对源头产品控制能力差、产品雷同、销售渠道窄和品牌建设不足等问题。作者认为,我国蜂产品加工业应遵循紧抓原料、创新产品、把握市场、建设品牌、资本运营的发展原则,实现产业的跨越式发展。     

Fucoidan from Laminaria japonica Inhibits Expression of GLUT9 and URAT1 via PI3K/Akt,JNK and NF-κB Pathways in Uric Acid-Exposed HK-2 Cells

This work aimed to investigate the effect of fucoidan (FPS) on urate transporters induced by uric acid (UA). The results showed that UA stimulated the expression of glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) and urate transporter 1 (URAT1) in HK-2 cells, and FPS could reverse the effect. Moreover, UA could activate NF-κB, JNK and PI3K/Akt pathways, but both pathway inhibitors and FPS inhibited the UA-induced activation of these three pathways. These data suggested that FPS effectively inhibited the expression induction of reabsorption transporters URAT1 and GLUT9 by UA, through repressing the activation of NF-κB, JNK and PI3K/Akt signal pathways in HK-2 cells. The in vitro research findings support the in vivo results that FPS reduces serum uric acid content in hyperuricemia mice and rats through inhibiting the expression of URAT1 and GLUT9 in renal tubular epithelial cells. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of FPS in the treatment of hyperuricemia.     

Studies of canker and dieback of oak tree in China,with two Cytospora species described

Oak (Quercus sp.) is an excellent tree species as a windbreak, for water conservation, and for fireproofing in forests in China. However, several trees of this genus were found to be suffering from various fungal diseases. In this study, we evaluated 15 fungal pathogens that can cause dieback and canker disease in oak in China, and discovered two Cytospora species. They were identified as Cytospora quercinum sp. nov. and C. vinacea, based on detailed morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU, act, rpb2, tef1-α, and tub2 loci. This study is the first record of C. quercinum and C. vinacea as causal agents of dieback in oak based on pathogenicity tests conducted on 2-year-old plants in a greenhouse. In addition, this study also revealed the influence of different conditions on the growth rate of mycelia. Mycelial growth of C. quercinum and C. vinacea occurred at optimum temperatures of 20.1 and 20.8 °C, and optimum pH of 5.4 and 5.3, respectively. For these two species, utilization of glucose and fructose was highly efficient, and sucrose was the least efficient. The habitat of Quercus mongolica indicated that more attention and management are needed to prevent the occurrence of Cytospora disease in the summer in north-eastern China, and in spring and autumn in eastern and northern China. This study contributes to the understanding of the species causing canker or dieback diseases in important economic forest trees, and provides useful information for effective disease management of oak trees in China.     

象腿树的养护管理技术

描述象腿树的植物学特性,介绍它的各种价值、繁殖方法,以及立地条件的选择、肥水管理、移植与包装、修剪等栽培管理方面的操作要点及病虫害防治的方法.     

运用CAE技术进行某微型客车车架结构的分析与优化设计

运用CAE技术对某微型客车车架进行了结构分析与优化设计,首先,计算了静力挠度,静态弯曲、扭转刚度,然后求解了固有模态,并在此基础上获得典型道路激励下的瞬态响应,此外,还对车架典型薄壁梁结构的耐撞性吸能特性进行研究,配合实验数据,对车架结构进行了合理的改进设计,实现了满足轻量化要求的静态优化设计目标,彰显CAE技术在汽车研发过程中的作用日益重要.     

水牛活体采卵和无透明带胚胎培养体系的优化

本研究旨在探索哺乳动物体外受精（IVF）胚胎单独或少量培养时发育效率低、无透明带胚胎的体外发育潜能受阻的问题,以期建立提高水牛活体采卵（ovum-pick-up,OPU）和徒手克隆（handmade clone,HMC）胚胎发育潜能高效稳定的体外生产体系。研究首先比较了单个微滴内共培养的胚胎数量（1、3、5、10和20枚）对胚胎发育效果的影响;而后采用微穴体系（well-of-the-well,WOW）和辅助共培养体系（培养微滴中添加包埋IVF胚胎的琼脂糖小块）培养OPU-IVF胚胎,并用WOW体系培养无透明带的徒手克隆重构胚,与传统的微滴培养体系比较其体外发育效果。结果表明：单个微滴内培养的胚胎数量为1、3和5枚时,囊胚发育率极显著低于10枚和20枚组（P<0.01）;与微滴培养体系相比,辅助共培养和WOW体系均极显著提高OPU-IVF胚胎的囊胚率（P<0.01）,且WOW培养体系极显著促进HMC重构胚的卵裂率和囊胚率（P<0.01）。综上所述,胚胎群体培养有助于胚胎发育,在保证系谱明确的前提下琼脂糖包埋辅助胚胎共培养体系和WOW体系提高了OPU-IVF体外胚胎发育效率,且WOW体系还可用于无透明带胚胎的高效培养。     

基于环介导等温扩增技术的暗褐书虱可视化鉴定

为防控暗褐书虱Liposcelis brunnea入侵和扩散,以mtDNA COI基因为靶标设计环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)特异性内外引物,测定引物的特异性和灵敏度,并对暗褐书虱DNA粗提液进行LAMP可视化鉴定检测。结果显示,所设计的暗褐书虱LAMP引物特异性良好,DNA浓度的检测灵敏度为1.0×10^-2ng/μL;在65℃下恒温反应45 min后,暗褐书虱LAMP反应体系呈黄色(阳性反应),而其他啮虫昆虫的LAMP反应体系均呈紫红色(阴性反应),以DNA粗提液和以试剂盒法提取的DNA的LAMP可视化鉴定检测结果相同,但鉴定时间缩短到了1 h内,表明所建立的LAMP可视化鉴定技术高效、灵敏、操作简单,可快速准确地鉴定暗褐书虱。     

The C/N ratio and phenolic groups of exogenous dissolved organic matter together as an indicator for evaluating the stability of mineral-organic associations in red soil

Purpose

Mineral-organic associations (MOAs) are the basic structural units of soil aggregates and are important reservoirs of nutrients for plants and soil microorganisms, determining the soil structure and fertility. However, the influence of exogenous dissolved organic matter (DOM) chemistry on the stability of MOAs is rarely reported.

Materials and methods

We first characterized different exogenous DOM through elemental analysis and spectroscopy analysis technologies. Then, a chamber incubation experiment was conducted with DOM addition concentration at 3 g C kg^?1 red soil. Principal component analysis, redundancy analysis, and the partial least squares path model were used to better understand the effect of exogenous DOM chemistry on the stability of MOAs.

Results and discussion

The addition of DOM into the red soil significantly increased not only the organic carbon both in the bulk soil and the soil heavy fraction, but also the soil combined humus and the soil mineral-organic compound quantity. Moreover, the rice straw-derived DOM had the best effect on improving the soil mineral-organic compound quantity/degree (additional), followed by the animal-derived DOM, while the fulvic acid increased it the least. The ratios of elements (C/N ratio, O/C ratio, and H/C ratio), aromaticity (SUVA₂₅₄), and phenolic C content of exogenous DOM had positively significant contributions to the stability of MOAs.

Conclusions

The rice straw-derived DOM had the greatest enhancement on the stability of the MOAs for its higher C/N ratio and phenolic groups content, so the exogenous DOM characteristics could be as an indicator in predicting the stability of the MOAs and evaluating the soil fertility.

     

轴流血泵最佳左心辅助下的 速度变化及内流场分析

为解决轴流血泵恒压或恒转速辅助时产生的抽吸或反流现象,以自主研发的主动脉瓣轴流血泵为研究对象,建立“轴流血泵-血液循环系统”串联耦合多尺度参数模型,得到血泵变转速辅助时在各级心衰条件下达到最佳辅助状态时的转速变化曲线.相比恒转速辅助,变转速辅助的血流动力学结果与正常心脏的拟合度更高,也符合人体生理.采用CFD技术对Ⅳ级心衰下2种辅助状态在一个心动周期中的内流场进行比较分析,发现变转速辅助下,轴流血泵在等容收缩期、等容舒张期、充盈期会产生明显的涡流,过流时间较长,但剪切应力较小,不会造成溶血;在射血期,变转速辅助的流动更加稳定,没有涡流现象产生,但其剪切应力在0.10 s内高于临界值500 Pa,会产生溶血现象.