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31.
Summary To study the genetic control of hullability in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), 36 hybrids, produced by a factorial cross of six male sterile and six restorer lines, were evaluated in two locations in Spain and one in France. Hullability was calculated as the ratio of the quantity of hull removed by a mechanical huller compared with total hull content. In dry conditions in Spain, hullability was twice (83.1%) that observed in France (41.5%). In all locations, male, fernale and interaction effects were significant. Estimates of narrow sense heritability varied between 0.78 and 0.82, values similar to those for other seed characters such as oil content. There were positive genetic and phenotypic correlations between hullability and 1000 seed weight (means 0.81 and 0.74, respectively) but negative correlations with seed oil content (–0.73 and –0.68, respectively). It is concluded that selection in early segregating generations of crosses involving good hulling material needs a specific strategy in order to maintain reasonable levels of oil and protein contents in the seed of the selected genotypes. 相似文献
32.
Hummon AB Richmond TA Verleyen P Baggerman G Huybrechts J Ewing MA Vierstraete E Rodriguez-Zas SL Schoofs L Robinson GE Sweedler JV 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5799):647-649
Neuropeptides, critical brain peptides that modulate animal behavior by affecting the activity of almost every neuronal circuit, are inherently difficult to predict directly from a nascent genome sequence because of extensive posttranslational processing. The combination of bioinformatics and proteomics allows unprecedented neuropeptide discovery from an unannotated genome. Within the Apis mellifera genome, we have inferred more than 200 neuropeptides and have confirmed the sequences of 100 peptides. This study lays the groundwork for future molecular studies of Apis neuropeptides with the identification of 36 genes, 33 of which were previously unreported. 相似文献
33.
Masoumeh Chahartaghi Reinhard Langel Liliane Ruess 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2005,37(9):1718-1725
In soil a high number of species co-exist without extensive niche differentiation, which was assigned as ‘the enigma of soil animal species diversity’. In particular, the detritivores are regarded as food generalists. We have investigated nitrogen stable isotope ratios (15N/14N) of a major decomposer group, the Collembola, to evaluate trophic relationship and determine feeding guilds. Additionally, the δ15N values of potential food sources such as mosses, lichens and other plant derived material (bark, nuts, leaves) were analysed. The natural variation in nitrogen isotopes was assessed in 20 Collembola taxa from three deciduous forest stands. The δ15N signature formed a continuum from phycophages/herbivores to primary and secondary decomposers, reflecting a gradual shift from more detrital to more microbial diets. The δ15N gradient spanned over 9 δ units, which implies a wide range in food sources used. Assuming a shift in 15N of about 3 ‰ per trophic level, the results indicate a range of three trophic levels. These variations in 15N/14N ratios suggest that trophic niches of Collembola species differ and this likely contributes to Collembola species diversity. 相似文献
34.
Chemical and microbiological changes in a Rigosole after mineral fertilization in long-term field experiments and short-term aerobic incubation trials A sandy clay loam which often showed priming effects in a differently fertilized (control, 120 kg N/ha, 240 kg N/ha) long-term field experiment, was aerobicly incubated (25°C) and analysed for chemical and microbial parameters. The total nitrogen and Corg contents in the 240 kg N/ha treatment were markedly lower than in the unfertilized as well as in the 120 kg N/ha treatment. Long-term fertilization with 240 kg N/ha increased the dehydrogenase activity by about 34% in comparison to the control and about 54% to the 120 kg N/ha variant and enhanced the population of amino acid ammonifying and proteolytic bacteria. After analogous fertilization in model trials, positive as well as negative priming effects were shown. Thereby no linear dependence occurred in relation to the amount of nitrogen added. The effects on biological criteria were similar both under laboratory conditions as well as in long-term field experiments. The total nitrogen and Corg contents of humus fractions partly showed differences in dependence on fertilization. 相似文献
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36.
Nicolas Chomrat Elvire Antajan Isabelle Auby Gwenael Bilien Liliane Carpentier Marie-Noëlle de Casamajor Florian Ganthy Fabienne Herv Magali Labadie Claire Mteigner Camille Paradis Myriam Perrire-Rumbe Florence Sanchez Vronique Schet Zouher Amzil 《Marine drugs》2022,20(7)
Blooms of the benthic toxic dinoflagellate genus Ostreopsis have been recorded more frequently during the last two decades, particularly in warm temperate areas such as the Mediterranean Sea. The proliferation of Ostreopsis species may cause deleterious effects on ecosystems and can impact human health through skin contact or aerosol inhalation. In the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the toxic O. cf. ovata has not yet been reported to the north of Portugal, and the only species present further north was O. cf. siamensis, for which the toxic risk is considered low. During summer blooms of unidentified Ostreopsis species on the French Basque coast (Atlantic) in 2020 and 2021, people suffered from irritations and respiratory disorders, and the number of analyzed cases reached 674 in 2021. In order to investigate the causes, sampling was carried out during summer 2021 to (i) taxonomically identify Ostreopsis species present using a molecular approach, (ii) isolate strains from the bloom and culture them, and (iii) characterize the presence of known toxins which may be involved. For the first time, this study reports the presence of both O. cf. siamensis and O. cf. ovata, for which the French Basque coast is a new upper distribution limit. Furthermore, the presence of ovatoxins a, b, c, and d in the environmental sample and in a cultivated strain in culture confirmed the toxic nature of the bloom and allowed identifying O. cf. ovata as the producer. The present data identify a new health risk in the area and highlight the extended distribution of some harmful dinoflagellates, presumably in relation to climate change. 相似文献
37.
Influence of processing parameters on acrylamide formation during frying of potatoes 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Taubert D Harlfinger S Henkes L Berkels R Schömig E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(9):2735-2739
Consistent evidence suggests that the probable human carcinogen acrylamide is formed in starch-rich foodstuffs through heat-induced interaction of asparagine and reducing sugars during Maillard browning. However, information regarding the influence of processing parameters on acrylamide formation is scarce. We investigated the impact of temperature, heating time, browning level, and surface-to-volume ratio (SVR) on acrylamide generation in fried potatoes. Acrylamide content was determined by liquid chromatography (LC) and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). In potato shapes with low SVR, acrylamide content consistently increased with increasing temperature and processing times. By contrast, in shapes with intermediate to high SVR, maximal acrylamide formation occurred at 160-180 degrees C, while higher temperatures or prolonged processing times caused a decrease of acrylamide levels. Moreover, browning levels were not a reliable measure of acrylamide content in large-surface products. 相似文献
38.
Tania de Freitas Raso Sílvia Nery Godoy Liliane Milanelo Cláudia Almeida Igayara de Souza Eliana Reiko Matuschima Jo?o Pessoa Araújo Júnior Aramis Augusto Pinto 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2004,35(1):94-96
Fifty-eight blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) nestlings, recovered from the illegal trade, became ill at a wildlife rehabilitation center in S?o Paulo State, Brazil. Clinical signs observed were nonspecific, and the mortality rate was 96.5% despite initial treatment with norfloxacin. Postmortem examinations were performed on 10 birds. Liver and spleen smears showed structures suggestive of Chlamydophila psittaci in four cases. Diagnosis was confirmed by seminested polymerase chain reaction on tissue samples. Other birds from the same location showed no clinical signs of the disease, although high complement fixation titers to C. psittaci were found in 10 adult psittacines. All birds in the facility were treated with doxycycline. The two surviving nestlings did not recover after two doxycycline treatments and were euthanatized. The high mortality rate observed in this outbreak was attributed to poor conditions of husbandry and delays in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. After diagnosis, improved control measures for chlamydiosis were instituted. 相似文献
39.
Naturally occurring stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen are powerful tools to investigate food webs, where the ratio of 15N/14N is used to assign trophic levels and of 13C/12C to determine the food source. A shift in δ15N value of 3‰ is generally suggested as mean difference between two trophic levels, whereas the carbon isotope composition of a consumer is assumed to reflect the signal of its diet. This study investigates the effects of food quality, starvation and life stage on the stable isotope fractionation in fungal feeding Collembola. The fractionation of nitrogen was strongly affected by food quality, i.e. the C/N ratio of the fungal diet. Collembola showed enrichment in the heavier isotope with increasing N concentration of the food source. Δ15N varied between 2.4‰, which assigns a shift in one trophic level, and 6.3‰, suggesting a shift in two trophic levels. Starvation up to 4 weeks resulted in an increase in the total δ15N value from 2.8‰ to 4.0‰. Different life stages significantly affected the isotope discrimination by Collembola with juveniles showing a stronger enrichment (Δ15N=4.9‰) compared to adults (Δ15N=3.5‰). Δ13C varied between −2.1‰ and −3.3‰ depending on the food quality, mainly due to compensational feeding on low quality diet. During starvation δ13C value decreased by 1.1‰, whereas the life stage of Collembola had no significant effect on isotopic ratios. The results indicate that the food resource and the physiological status of the consumer have important impact on stable isotope discrimination. They may cause differences in fractionation rate comparable to trophic level shifts, a fact to consider when analysing food web structure. 相似文献
40.
Rossi PG Bao L Luciani A Panighi J Desjobert JM Costa J Casanova J Bolla JM Berti L 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(18):7332-7336
The essential oil of wild Daucus carota L. obtained from aerial parts at the end of the flowering stage (DCEO) was reported as antimicrobial against the human enteropathogen Campylobacter jejuni. The aim of the present study was to extend this analysis to other Campylobacter species and to identify the active compounds of the essential oil, subjected to GC, GC-MS, and (13)C NMR analysis. A minimum inhibitory concentration assay was used to quantify the antimicrobial activity of DCEO and the major components, isolated on column chromatography. Growth of all the C. jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari strains tested, including one multidrug resistant C. jejuni, was inhibited to the same extent by DCEO. Molecules that were responsible for the antibacterial activity were identified as (E)-methylisoeugenol and elemicin. Moreover, the use of structural analogues of these compounds allowed us to identify important features that may account for the activity. 相似文献