蜂胶高生物活性黄酮组分的研究

本文探讨了蜂胶总黄酮中最具活性的黄酮类物质的提取分离、官能结构特征与功能关系、可能的功效,进而提出了如何看待蜂胶总黄酮含量高低的问题.     

Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma gene in various chicken tissues

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are the members of superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. A great number of studies in rodent and human have shown that PPARs were involved in the lipids metabolism. The goal of the current study was to investigate the expression pattern of PPAR genes in various tissues of chicken. The tissue samples (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, intestine, brain, breast muscle and adipose) were collected from six Arber Acres broilers (8 weeks old, male and female birds are half and half). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Northern blot were used to characterize the expression of PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma genes in the above tissues. By semi-quantitative RT-PCR, the results showed the expression level of PPAR-alpha gene was higher in brain, lung, kidney, heart and intestine, medium in stomach, liver and adipose than in spleen, and it did not express in breast muscle. The expression level of PPAR-gamma gene was higher in adipose, medium in brain and kidney than in spleen, heart, lung, stomach and intestine, but it did not express in liver and breast muscle. Northern blot results showed that PPAR-alpha gene expressed in heart, liver, kidney and stomach, and the intensity of hybridization signal was the stronger in liver and kidney than in other tissues, however, PPAR-gamma gene only expressed in adipose and kidney tissues. The results of this study showed the profile of PPAR gene expression in the chicken was similar to that in rodent, human and pig. However the expression profile of chicken also have its own specific trait, i.e. compared with mammals, PPAR-alpha gene can not be detected in skeletal muscle and PPAR-gamma gene can be stronger expressed in kidney tissues. This work will provide some basic data for the PPAR genes expression and lipids metabolism of birds.     

全混合日粮在生产实践中使用的条件与方法

全混合日粮(TMR)是现代奶牛场普遍采用的饲喂技术。本文就目前我国奶牛养殖场(户)使用TMR日粮应具备的条件及使用方法进行介绍。     

一例黄鳝嗜水气单胞菌病的药敏试验

嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)属于弧菌科、气单胞菌属,普遍存在于淡水、污水、淤泥、土壤和人类粪便中,部分致病株对人和动物有致病性。本试验从2010年某淡水养殖场的发病黄鳝中分离出嗜水气单胞菌,并经过常规细菌学鉴定和双重PCR鉴定确定为携带气溶素基因的强毒菌株,而且经过黄鳝和小鼠回归试验进一步确认该病由强毒菌株嗜水气单胞菌引起,并根据药敏试验成功控制病情。     

Separating component parts of soil respiration under <Emphasis Type="Italic">Robinia pseudoacacia</Emphasis> plantation in the Taihang Mountains,China

Partitioning the respiratory components of soil surface CO₂ efflux is important in understanding carbon turnover and in identifying the soil carbon sink/source function in response to land-use change. The sensitivities of soil respiration components on changing climate patterns are currently not fully understood. We used trench and isotopic methods to separate total soil respiration into autotrophic (R _A ) and heterotrophic components (R _H ). This study was undertaken on a Robinia pseudoacacia L. plantation in the southern Taihang Mountains, China. The fractionation of soil ¹³CO₂ was analyzed by comparing the δ¹³C of soil CO₂ extracted from buried steel tubes with results from Gas Vapor Probe Kits at a depth of 50 cm at the preliminary test (2.03‰). The results showed that the contribution of autotrophic respiration (fR _A ) increased with increasing soil depth. The contribution of heterotrophic respiration (fR _H ) declined with increasing soil depth. The contribution of autotrophic respiration was similar whether estimated by the trench method (fR _A , 23.50%) or by the isotopic method in which a difference in value of ¹³C between soil and plant prevailed in the natural state (RC, 21.03%). The experimental error produced by the trench method was insignificant as compared with that produced by the isotopic method, providing a technical basis for further investigations.     

山东省沂南县动物强制免疫“先打后补”现状分析

2021年,沂南县推进动物疫病强制免疫“先打后补”工作,依托“鲁牧云”信息平台,通过强化组织领导,加强政策宣贯,强化人员培训,放开强免疫苗经营渠道,提供抗体检测无偿服务等措施,提升了养殖场户“先打后补”的积极性、自主性、灵活性,强化了养殖场户动物防疫主体责任,满足了养殖场户疫苗多样化需求。但由于 “先打后补”补助金额少、社会化服务不规范、基层动物防疫体系弱化、缺少配套工作经费等原因,部分养殖场户实施“先打后补”的积极性不高。建议通过规范社会化服务组织,强化培训水平,提高补助标准,强化三级（县乡村）基础设施建设,升级“鲁牧云”等措施,确保“先打后补”政策惠及更多养殖场户。     

内蒙古寒冷干旱地区苜蓿栽培技术模式

苜蓿是内蒙古寒冷干旱地区重要的牧草之一,在近几年的农业结构调整和生态治理中,得到了快速发展,但缺乏规范的苜蓿种植管理技术。本文阐述的苜蓿栽培技术模式,是在林西县多年苜蓿生产实践基础上产生的,而后又在生产实践中不断改进完善后形成的。该技术模式着重介绍了在内蒙古寒冷干旱地区建植苜蓿人工草地时需着重考虑的四个方面,即苜蓿品种的选择原则、播种要点、田间管理及收获技术。     

新疆药桑组培育苗的方法与培养基筛选试验研究

新疆药桑的组培育苗需要经过初代培养、继代培养、生根培养、驯化移栽几个阶段。经试验比较筛选出了适合不同阶段生根发苗的培养基配方,并阐述了新疆药桑组培快繁的方法和步骤。     

甘露寡糖的研究进展及其在家禽生产中的应用

寡糖作为饲料添加剂是动物营养研究近20年来的热点之一，继抗生素、益生素的研究之后，动物营养学家对寡糖投以极大的关注，其中甘露寡糖是寡糖最重要的组成部分之一。     

采用“诱乳素”诱导空怀母牛泌乳的效果分析

试验选择6头500—800kg屡配不孕的荷斯坦母牛采用“诱乳素”进行诱导泌乳处理。结果表明,“诱乳素”在春季对母牛处理后开始出现泌乳的时间有差异,但到23天后,其产奶量可逐渐达到20kg。对体重大的母牛,虽然诱导泌乳处理时加大了药物的剂量,处理的时间延长,但开始出现泌乳的时间却推迟到8～9天,达到产奶高峰的时间也较晚。采用“诱乳素”处理除了对空怀母牛有明显的诱导泌乳作用外,对母牛的诱导发情亦有明显的作用。采用“诱乳素”处理空怀母牛,不仅可以在短期内达到诱导泌乳的效果,而且可以改善母牛的生殖功能,使不发情的母牛发情趋于正常,提高了其繁殖率。