饲料资源量概念及其判断

首先提出并讨论了饲料资源量的主体部分就是饲料能量总量及饲料蛋白质总量的问题。然后,用相关及回归方法筛选出了牛代谢能及粗蛋白质指标。在此基础上,建立了对饲料资源的品质和数量进行判断的蛋能结构指数及蛋能丰度指数体系。     

在体外模拟瘤胃发酵条件下N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸稳定性的研究

通过两个试验,研究在体外模拟瘤胃发酵条件下N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸的降解率。试验1:N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸在pH值6.5、温度为39℃的缓冲液中孵育9h,其降解率为3.3%。试验2:运用瘤胃体外发酵技术研究N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸不同添加量对pH值、氨态氮、微生物蛋白动态变化的影响。结果表明,添加0.4、0.6gN-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸发酵3～6h,均能够显著降低体系的pH值;添加0.6gN-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸发酵12h能够显著提高氨态氮的浓度;N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸在发酵过程中不影响微生物蛋白产量。以上结果显示,N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸在体外模拟瘤胃发酵的条件下可以稳定存在。     

抗猪附红细胞体单克隆抗体的制备

以纯化的猪附红细胞体免疫BALB/c小鼠,运用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术进行细胞融合,并用间接ELISA方法进行筛选,经过间接ELISA方法、免疫印迹和间接免疫荧光试验进行鉴定,共获得5株分泌抗猪附红细胞体单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,分别命名为1H1、1H2、3A5、5B1和7E11,其单抗亚类鉴定分别属于IgG2b、IgG1、IgG2b、IgG2b和IgG2b。这5株McAb均能与猪附红细胞体全菌蛋白发生特异性反应,而不与猪肺炎支原体、猪链球菌、大肠杆菌和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒发生反应,并且1H1、3A5和5B1能识别同一抗原位点,1H2和7E11识别另一抗原位点。     

蚓激酶成熟肽的原核表达及纯化

应用PCR技术扩增获得蚓激酶成熟肽基因，并按相应的阅读框架克隆入表达载体pGEX-4T中谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）的下游。重组质粒转化大肠杆菌Rosetta株，分别在1．0mmol／LIPTG、37℃和0．1mmol／L IPTG、28℃条件下诱导，蚓激酶成熟肽-GST融合蛋白获得了高效表达，且后者得到了可溶性蛋白。经SDS-PAGE证实所表达的融合蛋白产物相对分子量与预期的53kD相符。并且以等电点和亲和层析的方法对表达出的可溶性蛋白进行了纯化。     

白三叶草营养动态的研究

影响白三叶草营养成分的因素有品种，不同收割时期，不同部位─—茎和叶，不同海拔高度等。本文就影响白三叶草营养价值的各种因素进行了探讨。     

Separating component parts of soil respiration under <Emphasis Type="Italic">Robinia pseudoacacia</Emphasis> plantation in the Taihang Mountains,China

Partitioning the respiratory components of soil surface CO₂ efflux is important in understanding carbon turnover and in identifying the soil carbon sink/source function in response to land-use change. The sensitivities of soil respiration components on changing climate patterns are currently not fully understood. We used trench and isotopic methods to separate total soil respiration into autotrophic (R _A ) and heterotrophic components (R _H ). This study was undertaken on a Robinia pseudoacacia L. plantation in the southern Taihang Mountains, China. The fractionation of soil ¹³CO₂ was analyzed by comparing the δ¹³C of soil CO₂ extracted from buried steel tubes with results from Gas Vapor Probe Kits at a depth of 50 cm at the preliminary test (2.03‰). The results showed that the contribution of autotrophic respiration (fR _A ) increased with increasing soil depth. The contribution of heterotrophic respiration (fR _H ) declined with increasing soil depth. The contribution of autotrophic respiration was similar whether estimated by the trench method (fR _A , 23.50%) or by the isotopic method in which a difference in value of ¹³C between soil and plant prevailed in the natural state (RC, 21.03%). The experimental error produced by the trench method was insignificant as compared with that produced by the isotopic method, providing a technical basis for further investigations.     

Village poultry consumption and marketing in relation to gender,religious festivals and market access

This study aimed to examine village poultry consumption and marketing in Ethiopia in relation to gender, socio-cultural events and market access. The main objects of the research were producers, poultry markets, producer-sellers, and intermediary sellers in three locations representing different levels of market access in Tigray. About 3000 farm records were collected over a period of 12 months from 131 producers to obtain quantitative data on sales and consumption. Ninety-three semi-structured interviews with 58 producer-sellers and 35 intermediaries and 12 group discussions with these market actors were conducted to explore organization, price dynamics and socio-cultural aspects of poultry marketing. In total, 928 producer-sellers and 225 intermediaries were monitored monthly to examine participation by gender in poultry marketing. Better market access was associated with a shorter market chain and higher prices for the producers. Female-headed households had smaller poultry sales and consumption per household but sale and consumption per family member were 25% and 66% higher, respectively, than in male-headed households. While women dominated in the producer-sellers group, intermediaries were mainly men. Religious festivals periodically shifted local demand and prices of poultry. To improve the benefit of poultry keeping, poverty-stricken households may profit from better market access through better market information, infrastructure, market group formation and careful planning to match the dynamics in demand.     

水肥耦合对巨能草生长和光合色素的影响

采用盆栽控制实验的方式,利用控水、控肥的实验方法,设计了干旱(25% FC)、对照(75% FC)和水淹(100% FC)3个水分梯度以及低、中、高3个养分水平的完全随机组合实验,研究了不同水肥耦合条件对巨能草生长与光合色素的影响。结果表明,巨能草的地上生物量、地下生物量、生物总量和根冠比都受到了水肥交互作用的显著影响。在正常水分条件下,高肥处理下的分蘖数、株高、地下生物量、地上生物量和生物总量都是最大的,是9种水肥配比中巨能草生物量积累最佳的水肥配比。可见,良好的水肥条件是巨能草获得高产的前提。水淹和干旱都不利于植株的分蘖和高生长,但干旱条件下可通过施肥提高植株的分蘖能力。水淹环境下,不宜施用过多肥料,中等施肥量最有利于巨能草地下生物量的积累,其根冠比显著增大,有利于植物根系适应水淹条件下的缺氧环境。与水淹条件相比,干旱条件更不利于巨能草地上生物量的积累,为了适应干旱环境,巨能草会把更多的同化物质分配给地下部分,进而增大根冠比,从而表现出较高的生理可塑性以适应极端的干旱环境。有趣的是,水分胁迫下的光合色素含量显著高于正常水分,且随着施肥量的增加,光合色素的含量都有所增加,干旱处理下的增加尤为显著。由此可见,在水分胁迫环境下,巨能草会通过其各种形态和生理适应机制来适应环境,表现出一定的耐涝性和抗旱性,且施肥能够在一定程度上降低水分胁迫对植物生长的影响。     

鄱阳湖区血吸虫病流行病学调查与疫情分析

为了调查湖区血吸虫病流行环境与传染源构比,找出主要传染源、传播途径和场所,进一步揭示流行规律,为制定血防对策提供依据.调查范围为鄱阳县及两乡四村.结果,草洲钉螺占99.4%,90%以上牛上洲放牧,人粪流放率31%,其中渔民78%,牛粪流放率78%,其中64%直接污染草洲水体,野粪构比中牛占92.8%,传播粪量牛占98.85%,人占0.96%,其中渔民占0.12%.结论认为湖区疫情重,主要传染源是牛,主要感染途径是接触疫水,疫水形成的主因是牛上洲放牧,主要感染场所是草洲及周边水体.增加血防投入,稳定队伍,实施查治病和＂四个突破＂为主体的防治策略,控制畜源性传染源,净化环境与草洲,切断传播途径,才能有效控制血吸虫病.     

Effect of herbicides with different modes of action on physiological and cellular traits of Anabaena fertilissima

Cyanobacteria are important components of the lowland rice ecosystem. Therefore, it is important to examine the effect of herbicides (commonly used against weeds of rice crop) on the performance of cyanobacteria. We studied the toxic effects of three herbicides often used in rice field, viz. propanil, pretilachlor and glyphosate, on the performance traits of Anabaena fertilissima C.B. Rao. Pretilachlor [0–40 active ingredient (ai) mg/L] and glyphosate (0–80 ai mg/L) exhibited toxicity to A. fertilissima at higher doses than propanil (0–1.5 mg/L). Propanil had severe damaging effects on cellular characteristics of A. fertilissima when compared to pretilachlor or glyphosate. Propanil treatment of A. fertilissima resulted in the leakage of protoplast from the heterocyst due to the breakage of the plasma membrane and surrounding wall. Our study shows that photosystem II herbicides such as propanil could have deleterious effects on phototrophic (cyanobacterial) communities, which are an integral part of the rice ecosystem.