Ethnoveterinary health management practices using medicinal plants in South Asia – a review

Animal rearing is the major occupation of most population of South Asian countries. Due to lack of resources and limited approach to modern medicine, most of the livestock raisers prefer to use plant-based traditional medicine also referred to as ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM). Indeed, the use of medicinal plants in South Asia dates back to several centuries with documented evidences. However, there is currently a dearth of documentation and compilation of use of medicinal plants for animal diseases in this part of the world. This review aims to provide an up-to-date compilation of common medicinal plants used for the treatment and/or management of common animal diseases in South Asian countries. Extensive literature search was conducted online and relevant data was retrieved from well-known scientific databases. A total of 276 plants belonging to 95 families have been documented to be in common use for managing 14 different categories of animal diseases. Solanaceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, and Leguminosae were most common plant families in terms of their plant species used for EVM. Gastric diseases were commonly reported and accounted for 72 species of plants used for its treatment followed by the miscellaneous disorders category and skin diseases comprising of 65 and 39 plant species respectively. Herbs accounted for 46% of the total plant species, followed by trees (33%), and shrubs (18%). The EVM were applied through different routes of administration; oral administration accounted for 72% followed by topical application 27%, while burning of plant parts to create smoke around animals to repel insects was less common (1%). It is anticipated that the present review will stimulate further ethnoveterinary research among livestock disease management practices in South Asia.     

两种蔗糖浓度对切割取样鼠胚冷冻解冻效果的研究

小鼠晚期桑椹胚、早期囊胚和扩大囊胚，经切割取样分别采用０．３６５Ｍ和０．２５Ｍ蔗糖浓度进一步细管和分步脱除甘油解冻后体外培养发育率分别为６５．５％、４６．４％和７５．４％，两种浓度间差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；分步脱除甘油解冻瑟前者差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），与后者差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

Characterization of a new gene (SLC10) with a spliced leader from Taenia solium

An unknown gene, SLC10, was cloned by spliced leader-based polymerase chain reaction from Taenia solium. The full length of SLC10 was found to be 635 bp, encoding an 18.223 kDa protein. ELISA results showed that none of 70 normal and 75 cysticercosis sera samples reacted with purified recombinant SLC10 protein. Using an immunohistochemical method, it was revealed that the native SLC10 protein distributed extensively in inner cyst walls but not in the scolex in Cysticercus cellulosae. Together with predicted results, it is suggested that the SLC10 protein is a non-secretory structural protein, which is not involved in induction of the host's immune reactions against infection at least at the larval stage.     

一起输入性羊痘疫情的暴发调查

2022年2月云南省元江县某农户饲养的山羊出现疑似羊痘病情,袭击率为16.91%(46/272),病死率为45.65%(21/46)。为确定病因,防止病情扩散,开展了紧急流行病学调查。综合病羊临床症状以及现场调查和实验室检测结果,确诊本起疫情为输入性羊痘疫情。通过采取病羊与健康羊群隔开饲养、紧急免疫、对症治疗、消毒、加强饲养管理等干预措施,病情得到有效控制。分析认为,养殖户疫病防控意识淡薄,缺乏生物安全防范意识,调入携带病原羊只混群饲养等是引发病情的主要原因。本次病情警示,养殖场应加强生物安全管理,做好未出售羊群返场的隔离检疫,同时要加强饲养管理,减少应激因素,以预防疫病发生。     

俄罗斯引进鲁梅克斯新品种在黑龙江省的推广种植

黑龙江省北部全年低温时间较长,西部地区土地盐碱化严重,是制约黑龙江农牧业发展的两大主要因素。为了筛选出与黑龙江省气候和土壤类型相适应的牧草,本研究对从俄罗斯引进的鲁梅克斯新品种‘ЩавельЧемпион’在黑龙江省不同积温带的5个具有代表性的种植点阿城、肇州、逊克、嫩江和呼玛的农艺性状和营养价值进行研究。结果表明,该品种在肇州的生长状况明显差于其它地区,而在嫩江的生长状况明显优于其它地区;产量则表现为阿城、逊克和嫩江较高,产量均在150t·hm-2以上,肇州和呼玛略低,但产量也均在120t·hm-2以上。从营养数据可以看出,阿城种植区的粗蛋白及粗脂肪含量显著高于其它地区(P0.05),其中粗蛋白为18.41%,粗脂肪为3.82%;肇州种植区的粗纤维含量显著低于其它地区,含量为10.75%,而粗灰分含量显著高于(P0.05)其它各种植区,达到14.85%;嫩江种植区钙含量显著高于其它地区;肇州种植区的干物质含量显著高于其它地区。结果表明,引进新品种‘ЩавельЧемпион’适应性强,能够在黑龙江省不同区域不同土壤上种植并推广。     

我国部分地区送检样品3种常见猪病血清学和病原学检测

为了解我国部分地区猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征和猪伪狂犬病3种常见疫病的流行情况,采用ELISA、聚合酶链式反应（PCR）和反转录PCR（RT-PCR）等方法,对2019年11个省（自治区）172个猪场送检的3 550份猪血清样品进行猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）及伪狂犬病野毒（PRV-gE）抗体检测,对9个省（自治区）72个猪场送检的371份病料进行抗原检测。结果显示：CSFV、PRRSV、PRV-gE抗体阳性率分别为82.75%、84.08%、31.86%,抗原阳性率分别为2.62%、26.15%、1.67%。保育猪群CSFV抗体平均阻断率最低,为44.62%,抗体整齐度差,CV为58.26%,且CSFV抗原主要在哺乳仔猪和保育猪病料中被检出,检出率分别为3.57%、3.00%;除育肥猪群外,其他各阶段猪群的PRRSV抗体S/P平均值为1.0~2.0,抗体整齐度整体较差,且平均抗原阳性率较高（26.15%）,其中保育阶段猪群病原检出率最高（37.68%）;育肥猪、母猪、公猪的PRV-gE抗体阳性率分别为36.82%、35.31%、15.65%,病原主要从死胎/木乃伊胎和哺乳仔猪病料中被检出,检出率分别为8.70%和2.99%。结果表明,PRRSV对我国猪场不同阶段猪群均有较大威胁;保育猪群CSFV抗体水平不理想,暴发疫情风险较高;公猪、母猪及育肥猪群普遍存在PRV感染,尤其是母猪。提议各猪场采取免疫、监测、净化等综合措施,加强这3类常见猪群疫病的防控。     

2018年中国部分地区猪瘟病毒2.1d亚型新流行株的基因组特征分析

为了解中国猪瘟病毒（classical swine fever virus,CSFV）的分子流行病学及遗传变异情况,本研究应用RT-PCR方法对2018年采集自河南、河北、山东、黑龙江和辽宁5个省份的350份疑似CSFV感染的病料进行E2和NS5B基因扩增,并对PCR产物进行测序和序列分析。结果显示,350份样品中21份为CSFV阳性,共获得14株CSFV的E2基因序列和7株CSFV的部分NS5B基因序列。E2全基因、NS5B部分基因序列分析表明,21份阳性样品均属于近年来在中国流行的CSFV 2.1d亚型,且新发现的2.1d亚型CSFV与中国较早2.1d亚型CSFV毒株间同源性差异不大,新发现的2.1d亚型CSFV分离株在E2基因的6个氨基酸（R³¹、S³⁴、W¹⁸²、K²⁰⁵、K³⁰³、A³³¹）上具有相同的分子特征,E2蛋白中15个位点上的半胱氨酸均未发生变异。韩国2.1d亚型CSFV在E2蛋白上具有3个独特的氨基酸（N⁹⁷、K¹⁵⁹、R²⁰⁵）特征,并且发现了韩国毒株YC11WB可能作为2.1b和2.1d亚型CSFV过渡毒株的证据,流行于中国和韩国的2.1d亚型CSFV可能分别来自于本国早期2.1b亚型CSFV的衍化。本研究证实,2018年中国及周边国家CSFV较为活跃,且流行毒株依然以2.1d亚型为主,为中国科学防控CSFV提供了依据。     

海南霉素的遗传毒性研究及其致癌性预测：3.海南霉素的致癌性预测

在对海南霉素的遗传毒性进行了系统研究的基础上，本文利用ＣＰＢＳ法进一步预测了其致癌可能性，求得海南霉素的致癌性概率为０．１４％，因而可认为海南霉素为非致癌物。本结论与已有报道的其同类化合物盐霉素和腐霉素等的结论一致。     

蜂子比值与采蜜量相关性的研究

“浙农大1号”意蜂66群 ,通过刺槐花期和荆条花期的5次重复试验 ,研究蜂子比值与单位蜜蜂采蜜量的关系。5次重复试验结果均表明两者之间存在显著的正相关 ,其相关系数分别为0.6207 (n=16)、0.6887 (n=11)、0.5074 (n=27)、0.7628 (n=17)、0.5920 (n=17) ,且这5个相关系数之间不存在显著差异 ,表明这些试验蜂群来自相同相关程度的总体。把5次重复试验的数据进行综合 ,得到蜂子比值与单位蜜蜂采蜜量之间的相关系数r=0.3737 (n=88) ,回归方程为y=1.4262 3.2805x (0.3相似文献