中国城市市花市树研究

市花市树往往是一个城市的象征，反映城市市民的文化传统、审美观和价值观。调查了当前全国各省地级市及直辖市市花市树评选情况，分析了所选用市花市树的种类状况和特征及不足，发现292个城市中有167个城市评选了市树，209个城市确定了市花；所选的植物种的重复率较高，平均3个城市选用的市花或市树雷同，市花市树分布48个科，76个属，106种；市民对市花市树的认知不够，对市花市树的宣传不足，多数城市的市花市树缺少植物学名，主要以俗称为主等情况。剖析了目前这种状况的背景与原因．并为如何充分开发市花市树提出了建议。     

剑麻纤维接枝丙烯酸吸水树脂的研究

以剑麻纤维为骨架,以一定中和度的丙烯酸和少量丙烯酰胺为单体,采用硫代硫酸钠(Na2S2O3)和过硫酸盐为引发体系,通过接枝反应制备纤维素基吸水树脂.考察引发体系及条件对制备吸水树脂的影响,探索单体配比、交联剂浓度对吸水树脂的吸水能力、吸水速率、保水性能和反复吸水性能的影响.结果表明:在硫代硫酸钠和过硫酸盐组成氧化还原引发体系中,采用过硫酸钾和过硫酸铵两种氧化剂组成的引发体系,在引发剑麻纤维接枝丙烯酸单体的反应中起到协同效应;有效地将过硫酸盐引发接枝反应的温度由常用的55～80℃降至30～50℃,同时,达到较高的接枝率和单体转化率.交联剂的用量、丙烯酰胺(AM)的用量和丙烯酸(AA)的用量对吸水倍率和吸盐水倍率有显著的影响.吸水树脂的最大吸水倍率为530 g/g,最大吸盐水倍率为58 g/g,吸水速率为8 g(g·min),树脂具有良好的保水性和热稳定性.FTIR分析结果表明,吸水树脂是纤维素和丙烯酸的接枝共聚物.TGA分析结果表明,吸水树脂比剑麻纤维热稳定性好.     

构建种鸭场生物安全体系的基本要求

构建生物安全体系,应该关注种鸭场的建设、管理理念及制度、生产操作三个方面.     

Safe conservation and utilization of peanut germplasm resources in the Oil Crops Middle-term Genebank of China

Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is an important oil and cash crop in the world.Peanut germplasm collected in China are abundant,which provides important material gua...     

Treatment of hatchery wastewater by a sequencing batch reactor process

After settling pretreatment, the primary sludge wastewaters from a fish hatchery were treated in three five-litre bench-scale sequencing batch reactors. The sequencing batch reactors were operated concurrently under the same operating conditions. A cycle of 24 hours was adopted during the course of this study. Two different temperature regimes (22°C and 10°C) were employed, and a range of initial BOD₅ concentrations was treated. The results showed the occurrence of very high reductions in BOD₅ and COD concentrations, and very high removal of ammonia---nitrogen and suspended solids. The average five-day BOD₅ reduction was 98% for high influent concentrations, while the reduction for lower influent concentrations was 95%. The average five-day BOD₅ concentration for the effluents was less than 100 mg litre⁻¹. Nitrification was pronounced after 40 days of reactor operation. Denitrification occurred when the reactors were fed wastewaters with high BOD₅ concentrations, although it was not observed with low influent BOD₅ concentrations or at low temperatures (10°C). The overall treatment efficiency remained very high when the reactors were operated under a low temperature regime (10°C).     

General introduction to the prawn pond system in taiwan

The remarkable achievements of prawn culture in recent years in Taiwan have been widely recognized. In 1984, the annual production of the grass prawn Penaeus monodon alone reached 18 000 tonnes, making it one of the most important and fastest growing aquaculture items. Its production is still increasing and its importance will continue to grow in the coming years.

When considering the progress of prawn culture, aquaculture engineering problems such as pond construction, water inlet and outlet systems, and aeration systems are of great concern. An introduction to prawn pond construction and accessory equipment in Taiwan is given, and a comparison with the representative prawn pond systems in Japan and Hawaii is made. The present problems faced in these areas and possible solutions are also discussed.     

珠江卷口鱼年龄生长、食性和繁殖的研究

本文报道了珠江卷口鱼的年龄生长、食住和繁殖方面的研究结果。通过分析确定:卷口鱼的年龄级由I—IV龄鱼组成,各龄鱼分别占渔获物总量的42.21％、38.21％、19.21％和0.38％。用统计学方法,计算出卷口鱼体长与鳞长的相关式为:L=8 43.30R(r=0.9956);体长与体重的相关式为:W=8.226×10~(-3)L~(3.374)(Γ=0.9654)。对卷口鱼各种食物的组成、季节变化及出现率作了分析探讨。卷口鱼个体绝对怀卵量波动于7878—48880粒之间,平均22250.7粒。绝对怀卵量与体长和体重的相关式为:R=4.5419L~(3.6208)和R=40.88W 1209. 文中对卷口鱼的资源繁殖保护,网具使用和合理捕捞规格等问题进行了讨论。     

Enhanced anti-inflammatory activities of Monascus pilosus fermented products by addition of ginger to the medium

Hypercholesterolemia initiates the atherogenic process; however, chronic inflammation promotes atherogenesis. Monascus spp. fermented products are recognized for their anti-hypercholesterolemic effect, but their anti-inflammatory activity is not as significant as that of many plant-derived foods. To enhance the anti-inflammatory function of Monascus pilosus fermented products, ginger was added to the PDB medium at a ratio of 20% (v/v). The mycelia and broth were collected, freeze-dried, and extracted by ethanol for assays. Macrophage RAW264.7 was challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and coincubated with the extracts of fermented product cultured in ginger-supplemented medium (MPG) or extracts of fermented product cultured in regular PDB medium (MP) for 18 h. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell HUVEC was challenged with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and coincubated with the extracts of either MPG or MP for 6 h. The results showed that MPG significantly (p<0.05) lowered the production of macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by 68.53%, 84.29%, 32.55%, 84.49%, and 69.49%, respectively; however, MP had no inhibitory effect. MPG significantly downregulated the expression of p-IκB, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in macrophage by 42.16%, 50.87%, and 51.35%, respectively, while MP had no inhibition on COX-2 expression and only 16.64% and 19.22% downregulatory effect on iNOS and phosphorylated-IκB (p-IκB), respectively. Moreover, MPG significantly suppressed the expression of vessel cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and p-IκB in endothelial cell by 63.48% and 63.41%, respectively. LC/MS/MS analysis indicated that 6-gingerdiol was formed in the ginger-modified medium during fermentation. The results of this study will facilitate the development of Monascus spp. fermented products as antiatherosclerotic nutraceuticals.     

Prolamin,a rice protein,augments anti-leukaemia immune response

Rice (Oryza sativa), an important cereal as a staple food worldwide, can be used in gluten-free diets. This study aimed to isolate and characterize the active rice proteins and assess the anti-leukaemia response via in vitro and ex vivo experiments. Temperature-stable protein-containing extracts augmented this effect. Proteomic analysis identified various protein spots known with functions involving metabolism-related, transport, storage, antioxidation, development, and disease-resistance proteins. Among these, storage proteins were the most abundant. To avoid masking the other relatively scanty rice storage proteins, albumin, globulin, glutelin and prolamin were separated and quantified. The human peripheral blood mononuclear cells-conditioned medium (PBMC-CM) prepared from prolamin treatment showed an increment in production of tumor necrosis factor-α. Human leukaemia U937 cells cultured in the presence of prolamin-prepared PBMC-CM were inhibited in growth capacity and were triggered differentiation toward monocytes. Neutralization of prolamin by polyclonal antibody attenuated its activity. Rice prolamin, undetectable by wheat gliadin-specific antibody, has greater anti-leukaemia activity than wheat proteins glutenin and gliadin. In conclusion, rice prolamin is effective in activating human anti-leukaemia immunity and may not induce unwanted inflammatory diseases.