基于DPSIR概念框架的区域水土保持效益评价新思路

 定量评价区域水土保持效益并得到综合质量指数,便于区域水土保持效益的纵向或横向比较,进而为水土保持技术的提升和区域生态环境建设的科学决策服务。DPSIR(driving force-pressure-state-impact-response)概念框架有助于全面分析水土保持的"驱动力"、"压力"、"状态"、"影响"和"响应",有助于理解水土保持社会、经济和环境各因素的作用过程以及彼此之间的因果关系。在介绍DPSIR概念框架的基础上,根据区域水土保持效益评价指标体系构建的主导原则,初步提出水土保持效益评价的DPSIR框架,进而提出水土保持效益评价从基础数据到综合指数集成的新思路。     

黄土半干旱区油松苗木蒸腾特性与影响因子的关系

 为分析土壤水分与气象因子对油松蒸腾作用的影响程度,提高造林成活率,并为林地水分管理提供科学依据。在2004年生长季典型晴天,采用盆栽试验,人为控制土壤水分,利用针叶Li-1600稳态气孔仪和BP-3400精密天平等仪器,对黄土半干旱区油松苗木的蒸腾特性及其影响因子的关系进行研究。结果表明:在不同的土壤水分条件下,油松蒸腾速率和气孔阻力的日变化曲线分别呈“双峰型”和“W”型;在典型晴天下,蒸腾速率与土壤含水量的关系呈三次曲线相关,7、8和10月份,油松叶片蒸腾速率达到最大值时所对应的土壤含水量分别为17.7%、19.8%和17.5%。蒸腾速率除自身生理特性的影响外,还受土壤水分和气象因子综合影响,当土壤水分充足时,蒸腾速率与气象因子相关性高;当土壤水分产生胁迫时,蒸腾速率与气象因子相关性降低。在严重土壤水分胁迫下,7和8月份气温对蒸腾作用的影响最大,10月份光合有效辐射的影响最大。在土壤充分供水的条件下,7月份空气相对湿度对蒸腾作用的影响最大,8月份是气温,10月份是叶温。     

Antihyperglycemic Effects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Platycodon grandiflorum</Emphasis> (Jacq.) A. DC. Extract on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice

The root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC has been reported to have a wide range of health benefits in oriental food. This study examined the hypoglycemic effects of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC aqueous-ethanol extract (PGE) in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic ICR mice (STZ diabetic mice) for the first time. The effects of PGE on blood glucose, plasma insulin levels and body weight were investigated. A significant decrease in blood glucose levels was observed after single administration of PGE. Furthermore, Glibenclamide and PGE significantly suppressed the rise in blood glucose after 30 min in the acute glucose tolerance test. Treatment with glibenclamide and PGE resulted in a reduction in blood glucose levels from the 2nd week, and this reduction was maintained until the 4th week of treatment. The body weight changed slightly in glibenclamide and PGE treated mice in comparison with the STZ control group. Plasma insulin levels were increased with glibenclamide treatment in STZ diabetic mice, whereas such effect was not observed with PGE. These results indicated that PGE could induce hypoglycemic effects without stimulating insulin secretion.     

微生物菌肥与化学肥料配施对盈江省藤生长的影响

为了解不同肥料种类及其施肥量对盈江省藤生长的影响,采用L₉(3⁴)正交试验设计对其2年生幼林进行连续3年的微生物菌肥与复合肥和磷肥配施试验。结果表明,3年中不同因素的各水平组合间苗木的地径、株高、叶片数和冠幅均呈现极显著的差异(P<0.01)。施用复合肥和磷肥总体呈现显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)地抑制盈江省藤生长的现象。不同肥料配施试验组合的地径、株高和叶片数均大于对照的相应指标。试验期间,单施微生物菌肥0.3~0.6 g/株即可满足盈江省藤生长的需求。     

牛源无乳链球菌耐药性与毒力基因的表达量差异分析

【目的】 研究无乳链球菌对抗菌药物的耐药性,分析无乳链球菌毒力基因与耐药基因的携带情况。【方法】 分别采用微量肉汤稀释法和普通PCR的方法,检测牛源无乳链球菌对16种抗菌药物的耐药性和相关耐药基因及毒力基因,并且采用荧光定量PCR技术对不同菌株的8种毒力基因的表达量差异进行分析。【结果】 （1）无乳链球菌对11种药物的敏感性达到了65%以上,其中敏感性最高的是氟苯尼考（92.4.%）和头孢噻呋（88.4%）,对氨苄西林、红霉素、克林霉素的耐药率均达到了50%以上,对磺胺异恶唑的耐药率也达到了45%以上。（2）无乳链球菌耐药基因gyrA、sul1、ermB、ermC的检出率分别为100%、 86.67%、 93.3%、 33.3%,而ermA、sul2、sul3及parC 4种耐药基因未检出。（3）无乳链球菌毒力基因pavA、cfb、fbsA、bibA、cspA、sip、iagA、hylB的检出率为100%,rib检出率为13.3%,bca的检出率为53.3%,cyl E检出率为73.3%;未检测到bac、lmb、scp B这三种毒力基因。（4）不同菌株之间毒力基因的表达量有显著性差异（P<0.05）。【结论】 无乳链球菌对红霉素和克林霉素的耐药率较高,无乳链球菌毒力因子是宿主感染疾病的重要因素。     

油茶根系与内生细菌枯草芽孢杆菌互作早期的转录组分析

【目的】研究油茶-内生细菌互作早期的油茶根系转录组变化规律,为阐明油茶与内生细菌互作的分子机制提供依据。【方法】构建内生细菌枯草芽孢杆菌1-L-29gfp^r与油茶根系互作体系,以不同时间（0、6、12、24 h）的互作体系为研究材料,利用RNA-Seq技术对油茶根部进行转录组测序及分析。【结果】1)转录组测序共产生52 958 922条序列,约46.1 Gb,差异表达基因10 314条（FDR<0.05且|log₂FC|>1）。随着互作时间的延长差异表达基因数量呈高-低-高的趋势,接种6 h后差异表达基因数量为6 306个,其中显著上调3 434个,显著下调2 572个;接种12 h后显著上调903个,显著下调526个;接种24 h后显著上调1 195个,显著下调1 384个。2)GO富集分析表明：接种6 h油茶的生物学过程、分子功能方面变化最为明显,生物学过程中磷酸代谢、含磷化合物代谢、响应激素途径、茉莉酸代谢、响应细菌途径等;分子功能中萜烯合酶活性、双加氧酶活性等;细胞组分中膜固有成分等得到富集。3)KEGG通路分析中差异表达...     

The long-term effects of thinning and mixing on species and structural diversity of Chinese fir plantations

New Forests - Plantations are playing an increasingly important role in providing forest products and improving the ecological environment, but they also face many challenges, such as low...     

我国森林生态食品研究现状与发展策略

森林生态食品是近年来提出的新型森林生态标志产品,是继农产品"三品一标"与森林食品之后,融合了天然、绿色、安全、营养、健康等生态元素的新型食品标准.本文对森林生态食品的出现、发展及认定进行了综述,并提出了相应的发展策略.     

Interference competition and predation between invasive and native herbivores in maize

Interspecific interactions (e.g., competition, predation) are core determinants of insect population evolution, geographical distribution, trophic dynamics and ecosystem functioning. Following its recent invasion of eastern Asia, the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) co-inhabits maize fields with native lepidopteran herbivores, such as the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura. Here, drawing upon laboratory and field studies, we demonstrate how late-instar S. frugiperda larvae directly prey upon S. litura immature stages and competitively displace them from the maize whorl. Individual maize plants did not mediate the above interactions, with herbivore-damaged leaves not affecting the development rate of either species. In the field, ecological niches of S. frugiperda and S. litura overlapped, with species-specific occupancy rates of whorl-stage leaves (vegetative phase) and ears or tassels (reproductive phase) exceeding 70% and 90%, respectively. Field cage trials showed that S. frugiperda larvae either preyed upon or repelled S. litura larvae from maize plants, routinely resulting in more than 90% mortality of the latter. Field visits and cage studies in Yunnan (SW China) also revealed how—within an approx. 1-year time period—S. frugiperda has become a dominant species in local maize fields and co-infestation of both herbivores on the same plant is rare. Overall, our work shows how the invasive S. frugiperda exhibits a clear competitive advantage over native lepidopterans and could replace certain species within local agroecosystems. This study not only unveils the mechanistic causes of rapid ecological shifts within S. frugiperda-invaded cropping systems, but may also guide subsequent monitoring and management interventions.