杭白菊高产栽培技术

本文介绍了杭白菊的特征特性,主要栽培措施及采后处理技术,并提出杭白菊生产中要注意解决的2个问题。     

水稻-油菜周年耕作方式对土壤微生态的影响

为探索土壤微生态对稻-油系统周年耕作方式的响应机制,利用湘北洞庭湖区长期免耕直播土壤,设置稻-油轮作试验,通过比较双免耕双直播和旋耕抛栽土壤中酶活性、微生物数量、群落多样性和菌群功能等指标的差异,研究不同耕作方式对土壤微生态的影响.宏基因组测序表明,细菌群落在2种耕作方式下组成相似,双免耕双直播下细菌多样性更高;真菌群...     

《淮南子》与《管子》林业思想同异论

《淮南子》与《管子》都蕴含丰富深刻的林业思想, 二者在理论上既存在共识之处, 也有着各自的特点。《淮南子》与《管子》都体现出"爱林""护林""植林""用林"等思想内容, 对山林资源与人类社会发展的密切关联进行了多方面的阐发。作为不同时代与地域文化的代表著作, 《淮南子》在林业思想上注重包括森林在内的自然系统与人类社会的整体和谐, 更能突出道家自然主义的精神内涵; 《管子》则受齐法家和轻重派的影响, 重视对山林资源国家化的有效管理以及市场化的开发利用, 也更能体现功利主义的现实诉求。《管子》对《淮南子》林业思想具有深刻影响, 其内含的天时、地利与人力有机统一的"三才"理论得到后者的积极历史承继与发扬。     

基于Ansys的矿用潜水电泵转子系统的优化设计

应用三维造型软件Pro／E对矿用潜水电泵过流部件内部水体和部件进行实体造型,导入ICEM软件对水体部分进行非结构化网格划分．基于雷诺时均Navier—Stokes方程、标准k—ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,采用计算流体动力学软件CFX对矿用多级潜水泵不同工况下的外特性进行数值模拟,并将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比,验证模拟结果的可靠性．将流场模拟结果导入AnsysWorkbench,对两支点支撑方式的转子系统进行基于流固耦舍的模态分析,计算得到了原有转子系统的一阶临界转速低于运行转速．根据对转子振型特点的分析,对转子系统进行三支点优化设计,并再次进行模拟计算．结果表明：原有两轴承支撑转子系统临界转速过低,是轴承7217AC／DB提前损坏、密封环磨损严重的主要原因;三支点转子临界转速远大于泵的实际运行转速,可大幅度提高轴承可靠性,减缓密封环的磨损．     

山苍子精油对辣椒疫霉生长发育的影响及对辣椒疫病的防效

为明确山苍子精油防治植物疫病的应用前景,在室内离体条件下测定其对辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici菌丝生长、孢子囊形成与萌发、游动孢子萌发的毒力,观测经山苍子精油处理后菌丝生长量及形态结构、细胞膜通透性和可溶性蛋白含量的变化;采用离体叶片法和灌根法分别测定山苍子精油对辣椒疫病的预防效果和治疗效果。结果表明,山苍子精油对辣椒疫霉的菌丝生长、孢子囊形成与萌发以及游动孢子萌发的有效中浓度EC_(50)分别为161.49、29.68、231.80、90.68 mg/L;EC_(50)和EC_(75)的山苍子精油处理显著降低了辣椒疫霉菌丝的鲜重和干重,抑制率均在49.71%以上,亦可显著降低菌丝中可溶性蛋白含量,抑制率分别为10.77%和18.47%;用山苍子精油处理菌丝后,其顶端生长受到抑制,分枝明显增多、间距缩短;细胞膜通透性增大。1 000 mg/L山苍子精油对辣椒疫病的预防效果达63.33%(离体叶片法),2 000 mg/L精油对辣椒疫病的预防效果和治疗效果分别达80.00%和68.00%(灌根法,7 d),均显著高于对照药剂嘧菌酯。表明山苍子精油是辣椒疫霉的有效抑制剂,在辣椒疫病综合治理中具有较大的应用潜力。     

Gene flow from transgenic roundup-ready soybean to wild soybean

A study was conducted in the field of the Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu province from July 2000 to August 2003. The transgenic roundup-ready soybean was sown in the middle of the field in a circular manner for 5 circles, with the distance of 3 m, from one circle to another. Then the wild soybean was planted in plots as the rays of the circles in 8 directions （N, E, W, S, NE, NW, SE and SW）, spaced every 5 m until 50 m. Each plot comprised 25 plants. In the second year, the wild soybean seeds from the first year were planted in the field together with the original wild soybean as check. Before flowering time, high concentrations of roundups （about 4-5 times of the normal dose） were sprayed on the plants and the surviving plants were identified. The leaves were taken to the lab for DNA extraction to determine the unique DNA for roundup-ready soybean （CTAB method）. About 2% of the plants survived, but some leaves were yellow. One plant of wild soybean was found to have the roundup-ready gene from the original roundup-ready soybean. The other surviving wild soybeans should also had some fragments of the roundup tolerance gene. However, the DNA bands were not very clear in the PCR map.     

Structural and thermal characterization of wheat straw pretreated with aqueous ammonia soaking

Production of renewable fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic feedstocks requires an efficient pretreatment technology to allow ready access of polysaccharides for cellulolytic enzymes during saccharification. The effect of pretreatment on wheat straw through a low-temperature and low-pressure soaking aqueous ammonia (SAA) process was investigated in this study using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (Py-GC/MS), solid and liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) to demonstrate the changes in lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose structure. After treatment of 60 mesh wheat straw particles for 60 h with 28-30% ammonium hydroxide (1:10 solid/liquid) at 50 °C, sugar recovery increased from 14% (untreated) to 67% (SAA treated). The FTIR study revealed a substantial decrease in absorbance of lignin peaks. Solid and liquid state NMR showed minimal lignin structural changes with significant compositional changes. Activation energy of control and pretreated wheat straw was calculated according to the Friedman and ASTM methods and found to be decreased for SAA-treated wheat straw, from 259 to 223 kJ/mol. The SAA treatment was shown to remove significant amounts of lignin without strongly affecting lignin functional groups or structure.     

小麦水分和装满度对磷化氢吸附率的影响

在小麦含水量分别为9.3%、12.6%和14.4%,装满度分别为100%、70%、50%、30%和0%,气体浓度为100mL/m3和400mL/m3的条件下,测定小麦对磷化氢的吸附率,结果表明小麦对磷化氢的吸附率随着粮食水分增加,磷化氢浓度和装满度增大有不同程度增加.在药量较大的施药初期和装满度大时,检测到的磷化氢浓度高于设定浓度,磷化氢浓度、小麦水分和装满度较低时,小麦对磷化氢的吸附较容易达到平衡.     

文冠果花药总RNA提取方法研究

以文冠果花药为材料 ,利用TRIZOL试剂快速提取法、异硫氰酸胍法和CTAB法提取花药总RNA .通过RNA产率、纯度、电泳图谱和mRNA差异显示等分析来确立适于文冠果花药RNA分离的方法 .研究结果表明 ,CTAB法提取的RNA呈现出 2 8SrRNA、18SrRNA和 5SrRNA三条较清晰的条带 ,很少有降解 ,其A2 6 0 A2 80 值可达 1 94 4 ,A2 6 0 A2 30 值为2 16 5 ,具有很高的纯度 .另 2种方法获得的RNA纯度较低 ,降解严重 ,有较多小分子和盐存在 ;RNA无明显条带出现 ,而是以小分子RNA弥散状分布 .使用差异显示法分析发现 ,用CTAB法提取的花药总RNA可得到理想的扩增条带 .     

黑龙江省部分玉米杂交种的综合评价

玉米杂交种的综合评价是新品种选育、审定和推广的重要依据。以黑龙江省种植的部分玉米杂交种为试验材料,测定其产量（14%含水量）、籽粒含水量、容重、秃尖长、出籽率、轴粗/穗粗、百粒重和穗长8个性状,采用灰色关联度法对28个供试玉米杂交种的8个性状进行综合评价。结果表明,德美亚3号、先玉696和先玉335加权关联度排在前3位,综合表现好。