阳台菜园关键栽培技术

阳台菜园是近年来发展的新兴项目，多为基质栽培和水培，不仅可以生产出新鲜的蔬菜，而且还可以改善室内空气质量，集观赏、食用、美化环境为一体。     

节水抗旱稻恢复系的抗褐飞虱分子标记辅助选育及抗性评价

褐飞虱是水稻的主要害虫之一,利用水稻抗褐飞虱基因培育抗虫品种是目前公认最经济有效、环境友好的策略。本研究利用水稻功能基因组已克隆的抗褐飞虱基因,通过分子标记辅助选择和常规回交育种相结合的方法,将抗褐飞虱基因Bph6、Bph9、Bph14和Bph15单独和聚合导入到节水抗旱稻恢复系旱恢3号,获得了一系列含有单基因、双基因、三基因和四基因的改良系。采用标准苗期集团筛选法进行褐飞虱抗性鉴定,评价这些基因在旱恢3号背景下的效应及相互作用。表明单基因改良系中, Bph9的抗性最强,且Bph9 Bph6 Bph15 Bph14;在聚合改良系中,抗性均优于单基因改良系,四基因聚合改良系的抗性最强,不同基因型组合的抗性效应是Bph6+Bph9+Bph14+Bph15Bph6+Bph9 Bph6+Bph9+Bph14 Bph6+Bph9+Bph15 Bph6+Bph14+Bph15 Bph9+Bph14+Bph15 Bph14+Bph15。在自然条件下,改良系与旱恢3号在株高、有效穗和千粒重等农艺性状上差异不显著,其他性状与旱恢3号相仿或略差。本试验表明单独和聚合导入Bph6、Bph9、Bph14和Bph15基因能显著提高节水抗旱稻恢复系的褐飞虱抗性,这4个基因的加性效应明显,可为今后节水抗旱稻抗褐飞虱育种提供理论依据和材料基础。     

Empirical modeling of chlorine dioxide delignification of oxygen-delignified hardwood kraft pulp

Due to the complexity of delignification, it is still not accurate enough to describe the whole chlorine dioxide delignification system with mechanistic models such as kinetic studies. The simple aim of predicting and optimizing the process requires the use of economical empirical models, few of which are in the literature. In this study, principal component analysis was used to classify various bleaching response variables, including end pH, kappa number, viscosity, and optical properties such as brightness, into different categories. Statistical methods, including factorial design, multiple regression, and response surface methodology, were then used successfully to screen the importance of bleaching factors and their interactions. Models to control, predicate, and optimize the bleaching responses were established. In most cases, the results of empirical modeling coincided well with those from conventional research methods, but the empirical methodology was more economic or less laborious. The empirical models are robust enough to predicate and optimize the bleaching responses to chlorine dioxide delignification of oxygen-delignified hardwood kraft pulp.     

水稻根和籽粒细胞分裂素和脱落酸浓度与籽粒灌浆及蒸煮品质的关系

以10个不同基因型水稻品种和杂交稻组合为材料，分析了结实期水稻根系和籽粒细胞分裂素和脱落酸（ABA）浓度的变化及其与籽粒灌浆速率和稻米蒸煮品质的关系。结果表明，灌浆早期(花后0～12 d)根和籽粒玉米素＋玉米素核苷（Z＋ZR）浓度以及灌浆中期（花后13～26 d）根和籽粒ABA浓度与籽粒起始生长势、平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率、糙米重呈显著或极显著正相关（r＝0.726* ~ 0.984**），与活跃灌浆期呈显著或极显著负相关(r＝－0.749* ~ －0.834**)。灌浆中、后期（花后27~40 d）根和籽粒Z＋ZR浓度与活跃灌浆期呈显著或极显著正相关(r＝0.689* ~ 0.932**)，但灌浆后期Z＋ZR浓度与灌浆速率呈极显著负相关(r＝－0.826** ~ －0.927**)。灌浆中期和后期根和籽粒Z＋ZR浓度与胶稠度及碱化值呈显著或极显著正相关（r＝0.722* ~ 0.896**），与直链淀粉含量呈显著或极显著负相关（r＝－0.633* ~－0.778**）。灌浆中期根和籽粒ABA浓度与胶稠度及碱化值呈极显著负相关（r＝－0.883** ~ －0.913**），与直链淀粉含量呈显著或极显著正相关（r＝0.803** ~ 0.871**）。不同灌浆期ZR或ABA处理对籽粒灌浆、稻米胶稠度和直链淀粉含量的影响，与内源激素同灌浆特征参数和稻米蒸煮品质指标的关系基本吻合。表明根和籽粒细胞分裂素和ABA对籽粒灌浆和稻米蒸煮品质起调控作用，其调控的正、负效应取决于灌浆的时期。     

Rhodococcus equi in the soil environment of horses in Inner Mongolia, China

Little is known about the distribution of Rhodococcus equi in the soil environment of native horses in China. One hundred and eight soil samples were collected from native-horse farms in the Hulun Beier grasslands of eastern Mongolia, the Xilin Goler grasslands of southern Mongolia, and Tongliao City in Inner Mongolia, China. The isolation rates of R. equi from soil samples from the Hulun Beier and Xilin Goler grasslands ranged from 25.9% to 30.0%. In contrast, isolation rates from soil samples from Tongliao City were as high as 82.3% and the mean number of R. equi in soil samples from Tongliao City was 10 times more than those of samples from the grasslands. The 488 isolates were examined using PCR for the presence of genes that encode virulence-associated 15-17 kDa antigen protein (VapA) and the 20 kDa antigen protein (VapB). All isolates were negative for virulence-associated proteins. Plasmid profiles of these avirulent isolates showed that cryptic plasmids of various sizes were present with an incidence of 13.3% to 21.5%. The results of the present study contrast with those of our recent study (J. Vet. Med. Sci. 67:611-613, 2005), in which we reported that R. equi was absent from Mongolian horses in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. It is suggested that the difference between the results of these two studies is due to the mobile pasturing system in Mongolia and nonmobile pasturing system in Inner Mongolia.     

芳香族化合物对土壤硝化作用的抑制研究

Aromatic compounds (ACs) in soil can induce competitive inhibition for soil NH₃ oxidation, and nitrification inhibitors can be used to this end. A laboratory incubation experiment was performed with 12 nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), 15 amidoaromatic compounds (AACs) and 20 hydroxyaromatic compounds (HACs) to assess the inhibitory effects of ACs on soil nitrification. Based on these results, the critical and optimal concentrations of ACs were determined for better inhibitory effects. Most of the test ACs were able to inhibit soil nitrification; the effectiveness differed with soil type. Among the ACs, the NACs with m-nitryl, amino or hydroxyl and the AACs with a nitro group or a chlorine atom on aromatic ring or with a p-hydroxyl were more effective. 3-nitroaniline, 4-aminophenol and 3-nitrophenol showed the greatest potential as nitrification inhibitors. The critical concentration of these compounds in brown soil and cinnamon soil was found to be 0.5 mg kg^-1 soil. Due to the toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of ACs, further toxicological and ecotoxicological research is necessary before ACs are used as nitrification inhibitors in agricultural and horticultural practices.     

绿豆乳饮料生产工艺的研究

绿豆乳饮料是由绿豆浆和鲜牛奶按适当比例混合,蛋白质含量丰富,必需氨基酸齐全.由于绿豆中赖氨酸含量高,而赖氨酸是许多食物提供蛋白质的限制性氨基酸,能促进铁在肠道内的吸收,增加高铁离子的形成,对防治缺铁性贫血具有特殊食疗作用.因此,在牛奶成分基础上,添加赖氨酸后,可发挥氨基酸的互补作用,使得该产品具有营养高、成本低、价格低廉及生产工艺简单等优点.本文就其最佳工艺条件进行探讨,并就出现的问题提出解决办法.     

黑木耳液体菌种的制备条件及应用研究

以菌丝生物量为主要指标,对黑木耳液体菌种的培养基和培养条件进行了筛选研究,结果表明其适宜的培养基为麸皮10％,葡萄糖2％,玉米粉2％,KH2PO4 0．2％、MgSO4 0．1％,蛋白胨0．1％,VB1 10mg/L;适宜摇瓶培养的最佳条件为：装量150mL,培养温度25℃,摇床转速200r／min,接种量10％。栽培试验表明,使用液体菌种做中间种既能缩短原种和栽培种制种周期,也能缩短黑木耳栽培周期,并能提高黑木耳产量。     

不同物候型茶树内源GA3和ABA的变化及其对腋芽萌发调控的影响

运用酶联免疫吸附分析法(Enzyme Linked Immunity Absorb Assay, ELISA), 研究5个不同物候型茶树栽培品种在2003年3月至2006年3月生育周期及春季腋芽萌发前后茶梢叶片内源GA₃(gibberellic acid)、ABA(abscisic acid)的动态变化。结果表明, 在2003年3月至2006年3月期间, 各品种成熟叶片GA₃的含量在各年度均随着茶树生长呈现“快速降低—略有上升—下降—快速升高”两度上升、两度下降的变化趋势, GA₃含量第一次上升的时间呈早生种早、晚生种迟的趋势; ABA最低值出现的时间呈早生种早、晚生种迟的趋势。5个供试品种成熟叶片GA₃的年平均含量总体为早生种高于中生种, 中生种高于晚生种。冬季茶树休眠期间, 成熟叶片GA₃的含量处于整个生长周期的最低点, ABA的含量处于整个生长周期的最高点。11月至翌年1月, GA₃的平均含量和GA₃ /ABA值与其越冬芽的萌发期呈显著相关。春季茶树腋芽萌发进程中, 嫩梢GA₃的含量总体高于成熟叶片, ABA的含量总体低于成熟叶片。     

牛源犬新孢子虫NcSAG1基因重组腺病毒株的构建及动物免疫试验

【目的】构建表达牛源犬新孢子虫NcSAG1基因的重组腺病毒株,并接种Balb/c小鼠,评价重组腺病毒株对Balb/c小鼠的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答水平。【方法】PCR扩增牛源犬新孢子虫NcSAG1基因,构建pMD18-T-NcSAG1克隆质粒和pCR259-NcSAG1重组腺病毒穿梭质粒;将鉴定正确的pCR259-NcSAG1重组腺病毒穿梭质粒依次转化HighQ-1 Transpose-Ad 294和HighQ-1™感受态细胞,构建Transpose-Ad-NcSAG1重组腺病毒表达质粒;PacI酶切线性化后,脂质体介导转染QBI-HEK 293细胞包装重组腺病毒Ad5-NcSAG1,应用PCR和Western blotting技术检测Ad5-NcSAG1及其表达蛋白产物。测定Ad5-NcSAG1重组腺病毒滴度后,接种Balb/c小鼠,测定小鼠血清中IgG特异性抗体和细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4水平,以此评价重组腺病毒株的免疫应答效果。【结果】扩增的牛源犬新孢子虫NcSAG1基因大小为982bp,与GenBank中发表的NcSAG1（AF132217）核苷酸序列的同源性为99.2%;经PCR和Western blotting检测,重组腺病毒Ad5-NcSAG1在QBI-HEK 293细胞中包装成功,表达蛋白的分子量为33kD,具有较好的反应原性;测得重组腺病毒Ad5-NcSAG1滴度为1010TCID50/mL,Ad5-NcSAG1接种Balb/c小鼠后,能够诱导产生高水平的IgG特异性抗体和IFN-γ、IL-4细胞因子。说明Ad5-NcSAG1重组腺病毒对Balb/c小鼠产生了较强的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答。【结论】成功构建了牛源犬新孢子虫NcSAG1基因的重组腺病毒株,该毒株能够诱导Balb/c小鼠产生高水平的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,为犬新孢子虫新型疫苗的临床试验奠定了基础。