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101.
Leila Izadi Najafabadi Alain Le-Bail Nasser Hamdami Jean-Yves Monteau Javad Keramat 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014
Bread staling involves a combination of physico-chemical phenomena that leads to a reduction of quality. This study aims at evaluating the impact of baking conditions (280 °C, 8 min; 310 °C, 5.5 min; 340 °C, 4 min), baking type (of fully baked (FB) and part-baked (PB)) and storage temperature (−18, 4 and 20 °C) on the staling of Sangak bread. Results showed that lower baking temperature with longer baking time produced drier bread with higher firmness. In FB Sangak breads, amylopectin retrogradation, amount of unfreezable water and firmness (measured by compression test) increased during storage at positive temperatures but hardness (determined by Kramer shear test) decreased significantly during first day of storage. The recrystallized amylopectin traps the free water resulting in crumb hardening. Water is also absorbed by the dry crust resulting in changes of rheological properties in the crust and crumb, and finally in staling. Storage at 4 °C resulted in increasing melting enthalpy of amylopectin crystallite in comparison with storage at 20 °C. Also it was found that firmness of PB breads due to rebaking was significantly lower than FB breads. There were no significant changes in staling parameters of FB and PB stored at −18 °C. 相似文献
102.
Jean-Claude Huet Jacques Baudet Leila Bettaieb Ben Kaab Jacques Mossé 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1988,38(2):175-188
Barley grains (9 samples from 7 cultivars) with nitrogen contents (N) ranging from 1.45 to 4.01% of dry matter were analysed for their amino acid (AA) composition with high accuracy from six different hydrolysates per sample. AA levels in grain increased as linear functions ofN with correlation coefficients close to unity. A comparison with literature data confirmed that the AA composition of any grain sample of normal barley can be predicted from itsN for all phenotypes and genotypes. AAs in grain protein changed as hyperbolic functions ofN which increased for Phe, Pro and Glx but more or less strongly decreased for the other AAs. By plotting AA scores againstN, barley proteins were shown to be always richer than wheat and rye in Val and Phe + Tyr; sometimes richer than both other species forN<2 (Lys); 2.2 (Leu and Ile); 3.4 (Thr); sometimes intermediate to wheat and rye above the latterN values. They were also intermediate in sulphur AAs forN<1.9 and drastically poorer forN>1.9. However, they were richer than both other species in Trp forN>1.6. The hyperbolic variations of non-protein nitrogen and nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors were determined as a function ofN and also compared with those of wheat and rye. 相似文献
103.
Chloroplast microsatellite markers were used in this study to genotype 43 grapevines accessions grown in Tunisia. Size variation was observed for the three cpSSR loci, both in the sample of cultivars and in wild accessions. The seven alleles observed in the sample of cultivars for the three loci are present in wild accessions except that their distribution is different. Levels of genetic diversity obtained for the Tunisian grapevines either in wild or cultivated gene pools are high and comparable with values obtained with other studied samples of Vitis vinifera. The distribution of haplotypes within the two samples is differential. Indeed, the chlorotype A is most abundant in the wild sample, whereas the chlorotype C is majority in the sample of cultivars. Haplotypes frequencies for cultivated grapevine distinguish haplotypes B and C as the most frequent (28% and 44% respectively) and haplotypes A and D as the least frequent (16% and 12% respectively). For wild grapevines, the seven alleles combined in three haplotypes, A, C and D. The haplotype A is the most frequent (44%) in the analyzed sample of wild accessions while haplotypes C and D show a frequency of 28%. Chlorotype distribution in Tunisian cultivars is comparable with that of cultivars in the Eastern Region representing the primary centre of domestication of the species. These results agree with the higher relevance of table grape cultivars in Tunisian viticulture and support an oriental origin of a large part of autochthons cultivars. Our results agree with other studies based in nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers and suggest independent domestication events for V. vinifera L. species. 相似文献
104.
Ulvi Moor Kadri Karp Priit Põldma Leila Asafova Marge Starast 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):179-185
Abstract The effect of pre-harvest calcium sprays, CaCl2 and Ca (NO3)2, on apple (Malus domestica) N, P, K, Ca and Mg content, storability and incidence of physiological disorders (superficial scald, bitter pit, physiological spot) was studied using two cultivars, ‘Krameri Tuviõun’ and ‘Talvenauding’. In the first year calcium treatment did not reduce any physiological disorders or loss of marketable yield. In the second year calcium treatment reduced storage losses until four months after storage. Bitter pit in ‘Krameri Tuviõun’ was unaffected by calcium treatment, but physiological spot of ‘Krameri Tuviõun’ and superficial scald of ‘Talvenauding’ were reduced by calcium treatment in the second year. Both physiological disorders of 'Krameri Tuviõun’ correlated negatively with Mg and P content and Mg/Ca ratio in apples. Superficial scald of ‘Talvenauding’ correlated negatively with Ca content and positively with K/Ca ratio, N/Ca ratio and Mg/Ca ratio in fruits. The conclusion can be made that content of Ca and its ratios with other nutrients plays an important role in the development of superficial scald on ‘Talvenauding’ fruits, and increasing Ca content in fruit can therefore be recommended for improving post-harvest quality of this cultivar. Since bitter pit in 'Krameri Tuviõun’ was not reduced by calcium treatment, it would be worth trying other measures for this cultivar. 相似文献
105.
Distribution and Contamination of Heavy Metal in the Coastal Sediments of Port Klang, Selangor, Malaysia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly Sany Aishah Salleh Majid Rezayi Naghmeh Saadati Leila Narimany Ghazaleh Monazami Tehrani 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2013,224(4):1-18
The coastal sediments of Port Klang in Malaysia were monitored from November 2009 to October 2010 to evaluate the spatial distribution of heavy metals As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Pb, Mn, Al and Fe. Sediment samples were collected from 21 stations, covering three subsidiary ports, namely West Port, North Port and South Port, at three-month intervals. The geo-accumulation index and the enrichment factor were estimated to assess contamination status based on background values. Additionally, the sediment quality guide was applied to evaluate the adverse biological effects of heavy metals. These results show that the concentrations of some metals, such as As, Cd and Pb were comparatively higher than the background values. This is considered a critical environmental issue for this region. Furthermore, the toxicity estimation indicates that living organisms have a high risk of As exposure. Spatial distribution maps of heavy metals would aid in the identification of pollution sources and vulnerable sites. 相似文献
106.
Leila Shafea Julia Yap Nicolas Beriot Vincent J. M. N. L. Felde Elvis D. Okoffo Christian Ebere Enyoh Stephan Peth 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2023,186(1):5-22
Contamination of soils in agroecosystems with microplastics (MPs) is of increasing concern. The contamination of the environment/farmland soils with MPs (1 µm to 5 mm sized particles) and nanoplastics (NPs; <1 µm sized particles) is causing numerous effects on ecological soil functions and human health. MPs enter the soil via several sources, either from intentional plastic use (e.g., plastic mulch, plastic greenhouses, plastic-coated products) or indirectly from the input of sewage sludge, compost, or irrigation water that is contaminated with plastic. Once in the soil, plastic debris can have various impacts such as changes in soil functions and physicochemical properties and it affects soil organisms due to its toxic behavior. This review paper describes the different effects of plastic waste to understand the consequences for agricultural productivity. Furthermore, we identify knowledge gaps and highlight the required approaches, indicating future research directions on sources, transport, and fate of MPs in soils to improve our understanding of various unspecified abiotic and biotic impacts of MP pollution in agroecosystems. 相似文献
107.
Leila ALIDOKHT Shahin OUSTAN Alireza KHATAEE Mohammad R. NEYSHABURI Adel REYHANITABAR 《土壤圈》2021,31(4):645-657
Chromium (Cr)-contaminated soils pose a great environmental risk, with high solubility and persistent leaching of Cr(VI). In this study, hydroxysulfate green rust (GRSO4), with the general formula Fe(II)4Fe(III)2(OH)12SO4·8H2O, was evaluated for its efficiency in Cr(VI) stabilization via Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III) in four representative Cr(VI)-spiked soils. The initial concentrations of phosphate buffer-extractable Cr(VI) (Cr(VI)b) in soils 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 382.4, 575.9, 551.3, and 483.7 mg kg-1, respectively. Reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by structural Fe(II) (Fe(II)s) in GRSO4 in all studied soils was fast, wherein the application of GRSO4 markedly decreased the amount of Cr(VI)b at the Cr(VI)b/Fe(II)s stoichiometric mole ratio of 0.33. The kinetics of Cr(VI) reduction by GRSO4 could not be determined as this reaction coincided with the release of Cr(VI) from soil during the experiment. The concentration of Cr(VI)b decreased, as the Cr(VI)b/Fe(II)s ratio decreased from 0.46 to 0.20, generally to below 10 mg kg-1. Back-transformation of the generated Cr(III) was examined in the presence of manganese oxide birnessite at the birnessite/initial Cr(III) mole ratio of 4.5. The results of batch tests showed that only 5.2% of the initial Cr(III) was converted to Cr(VI) after two months, while under field capacity moisture conditions, less than 0.05% of the initial Cr(III) was oxidized to Cr(VI) after six months. The results illustrated that remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soils would be fast, successful, and irreversible with an appropriate quantity of fresh GRSO4. 相似文献
108.
Mirja Ruohoniemi DVM Leena Hildén DVM Leila Salo DVM Riitta-Mari Tulamo DVM Ph.D. 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1995,36(5):402-410
Repeated ultrasonographic and radiographic examinations of both tarsi were performed on three immature foals at individually adjusted times to monitor the progression of ossification. The first examination was performed soon after birth, and all foals were found to have incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones. Two of the foals were monitored until ossification of the small tarsal bones was complete. The rate of ossification varied, and it seemed to be affected by the general health of the foal and by its weight-bearing. In two foals the pattern of ossification was markedly irregular and several ossifying foci were often found within the bones. Ultrasonography was found to be a practical method for monitoring the changes in the outline and echogenity of the bones in the distal tarsal area. Radiography confirmed the ultrasonographic findings and was necessary for evaluating the internal structure of the bones. 相似文献
109.
Nader Goodarzi Mohsen Akbari Bazm Leila Naseri Morteza Hosseinipour 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(5):444-448
The Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) is habitat in the Middle East countries and feed on pine acorns and other seeds. The present study was carried out to investigate the histological and volumetric features of the oesophagus in Persian squirrels. Five adult male Persian squirrels were included in the study. The cervical, thoracic and abdominal oesophagus of all subjects were processed routinely and sectioned in a serial manner. Then, the total volume of the oesophagus and its different layers were estimated using Cavalieri's principle. Histological assessment revealed a non‐keratinized stratified squamous epithelium lining the mucosa. No glands were seen in the lamina propria and submucosa. Lamina muscularis was present as a distinct layer of smooth muscle cells separating the lamina propria from the tunica submucosa. The tunica muscularis consisted of two distinct layers of striated muscle fibres: inner circular and outer longitudinal that was intermingled with few scattered smooth muscle fibres especially in the abdominal region. The thoracic region contained more amount of the lamina muscularis and tunica muscularis in comparison to the cervical or abdominal regions. The obtained results revealed that the histological structure of the Persian squirrel oesophagus has differences and similarities with other rodents and even with other species of squirrel. These findings would be useful to improve the knowledge in the areas of histological structure of the rodent digestive system. 相似文献
110.
Ristow P Marassi CD Rodrigues AB Oelemann WM Rocha F Santos AS Carvalho EC Carvalho CB Ferreira R Fonseca LS Lilenbaum W 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,174(2):432-434
Paratuberculosis (PTB) in Brazil has previously only been reported in imported animals and is officially considered as an exotic disease. A dairy herd, which had no imported animals, presented clinically suspect animals and was investigated for paratuberculosis using faecal culture, histopathology, indirect ELISA and the agar gel immunodiffusion test. Infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) was confirmed by culture of faeces from five cows with clinical symptoms of PTB and in 7/24 randomly selected asymptomatic cows from the same herd. Two cows with clinical symptoms were necropsied and their tissues were positive for Map by culture and histopathology. Twelve asymptomatic, randomly selected cows were positive on ELISA. The results confirmed the presence of PTB in this dairy herd and for the first time demonstrated the disease in a herd of native-bred cattle in Brazil. 相似文献