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91.
92.
The technique of cystocentesis in dogs and cats was studied. The indications and contraindications of this method are discussed, using illustrations. 相似文献
93.
G Breves R Zitnan B Schr?der C Winckler H Hagemeister K Failing J Voigt 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2002,56(5):371-377
In a previous study we found a positive correlation between early weaning in calves and morphological parameters which were indicative of ruminal development, i.e. the length and width of the papillae. The objective of the present study was to determine to what extent this observation could be reflected by modulations of absorptive and secretory functions of the rumen mucosa. For this purpose the short-circuit currents (Isc) as a measure of electrogenic net ion fluxes and the transepithelial conductances (G(T)) as a measure of the overall tissue permeability were measured in vitro applying the Ussing-chamber technique. Simultaneously, the unidirectional flux rates of sodium and chloride across rumen wall epithelia were determined in the absence of electrochemical gradients. Under these conditions, significant positive net flux rates (Jnet) clearly indicate active mechanisms for electrolyte absorption. For the experiments 12 male Holstein calves 7 d of age were assigned to three groups of 4 animals each: milk group (I, slaughtered after 6 weeks of age), late weaning group (II, slaughtered after 9 weeks of age) and early weaning group (II, weaned after 6 weeks of age and slaughtered after 9 weeks of age). Whereas G(T) values remained unaffected by different age and feeding, Isc values were significantly affected by early weaning but were not influenced by age. Irrespective of weaning time active absorption of Na+ tended to be higher by about 60% in 9 weeks old animals. Active absorption of chloride was significantly increased in milk fed 9 weeke old calves and this effect was further stimulated by early weaning. In conclusion, the data show an increasing active Na+ absorption with age in calf rumen that could not be influenced by early weaning. Similarly, active Cl- absorption was initially increased during postnatal development and this effect could be stimulated further by early weaning. 相似文献
94.
控制sch单养雄蚕品种雌雄蚕孵出比例的催青处理因素研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
研究结果表明 :在RH 6 0 %状态下 ,控制性比的温度和下限时间负相关达到显著水平 ;控制性比的高温处理适于干燥状态下进行 ;处理后雌蚕孵化整齐度明显低于雄蚕孵化整齐度 ,雌雄蚕孵化整齐度均随处理温度的升高而下降 ,尤以雌蚕更为明显。由此提出了在RH 6 0 %状态下sch单养雄蚕品种控制性比的起点温度及温度、时间范围。认为高温催青用下限温度配合 1日收蚁法效果好 ,高温处理以后的胚胎适于在RH 80 %~ 85 %的湿度中保护 相似文献
95.
H Houe S ?stergaard T Thilsing-Hansen R J J?rgensen T Larsen J T S?rensen J F Agger J Y Blom 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2001,42(1):1-29
The present review analyses the documentation on incidence, diagnosis, risk factors and effects of milk fever and subclinical hypocalcaemia. It is hereby evaluated whether the existing documentation seems sufficient for further modelling in a decision support system for selection of a control strategy. Several studies have been carried out revealing an incidence of milk fever most often in the level of 5-10%. Few studies indicate that the incidence of subclinical hypocalcaemia is several times higher than milk fever. The diagnosis based on clinical or laboratory methods or based on presence of risk factors is outlined. The clinical symptoms of milk fever are highly specific and the disease level may thus be determined from recording of treatments. Diagnosis of subclinical hypocalcaemia needs to include laboratory examinations or it may be determined by multiplying the incidence of milk fever by a certain factor. From the documentation on risk factors, it is very complex to predict the incidence from the exposure level of the risk factors. Due to uncertainty, sensitivity analyses over a wide range of values for each parameter are needed. The documentation of cow characteristics, nutrition, environment and management as risk factors are described. Among cow characteristics, parity or age, body condition and production level were found to be important. Risk factors associated with nutrition included most importantly dietary cation-anion difference and calcium level whereas the importance of general feeding related factors like type of feed stuff and feeding level were less clear. Environment and management included season, climate, housing, pasturing, exercise, length of dry period and prepartum milking. Several of the parameters on environment and management were confounded among each other and therefore firm conclusions on the importance were difficult. The documentation of the effect of milk fever includes the downer cows, reproductive disorders, occurrence of other diseases and the effect on milk production, body weight and culling. The reproductive disorders included most importantly dystocia, uterine prolapse, retained placenta, metritis and repeat breeding, and occurrence of other diseases included ketosis, displaced abomasum and mastitis. The documentation was substantial and often quantifiable within certain limits. Overall it is concluded that the present documentation on milk fever concerning incidence, diagnosis, risk factors and effects seems sufficient for a systematic inclusion in a decision support system. A model on milk fever should take into consideration the variation in biological data and individual herd characteristics. The inclusion of subclinical hypocalcaemia would be more uncertain and probably should await further documentation on possibilities of determining the herd level incidence and also the effect of this condition on production. 相似文献
96.
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98.
本文以MapInfo7.5作为GIS的平台软件,将MapInfo用于基准地价评估成果图的信息管理,利用创建、修改或更新的相关表格,建立相应的专题地图,使成果图中的信息更加直观明了。实践证明,MapInfo为基准地价评估成果图的及时更新、科学管理、有效利用提供了可靠的途经。 相似文献
99.
南非糖业的生产成本较低,原糖质量高,该国普遍采用渗出法提汁和连续结晶罐,改进清净工艺和煮糖制度生产高纯度原糖。文中并介绍蒸汽喷射抽真空、内置冷凝器、高纯度原糖工艺、精炼粉糖、渗出法提汁和气垫胶带运输机等技术革新项目。 相似文献
100.
美国青蛙 ,简称美蛙 ,隶属两栖纲、无尾目、蛙科。美蛙 1~ 37℃均可生长 ,最适生长温度 18~32℃ ,当水温降到 7℃以下时 ,生长缓慢 ,0℃以下钻入洞穴冬眠 ,第 2年春季气温回升到 10℃以上时 ,才开始活动觅食。一般美蛙在长江流域以北 ,尤其是淮北地区每年有 3~ 4个月的冬眠期 ,从而影响其生长。根据美蛙的生活习性 ,结合蔬菜大棚冬季温度较高的特点 ,我们在大棚内进行了美蛙早繁试验。 1998年 10月 2 0日 ,气温降至 18℃左右 ,我们把亲蛙放入蔬菜大棚内 ,利用大棚保温和井水增温的方法 ,打破了美蛙的冬眠期 ,使美蛙提早 1个月繁殖 ,获得… 相似文献