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101.
Saint André Av Blackwell NM Hall LR Hoerauf A Brattig NW Volkmann L Taylor MJ Ford L Hise AG Lass JH Diaconu E Pearlman E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,295(5561):1892-1895
Parasitic filarial nematodes infect more than 200 million individuals worldwide, causing debilitating inflammatory diseases such as river blindness and lymphatic filariasis. Using a murine model for river blindness in which soluble extracts of filarial nematodes were injected into the corneal stroma, we demonstrated that the predominant inflammatory response in the cornea was due to species of endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria. In addition, the inflammatory response induced by these bacteria was dependent on expression of functional Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on host cells. 相似文献
102.
Traggiai E Chicha L Mazzucchelli L Bronz L Piffaretti JC Lanzavecchia A Manz MG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5667):104-107
Because ethical restrictions limit in vivo studies of the human hemato-lymphoid system, substitute human to small animal xenotransplantation models have been employed. Existing models, however, sustain only limited development and maintenance of human lymphoid cells and rarely produce immune responses. Here we show that intrahepatic injection of CD34+ human cord blood cells into conditioned newborn Rag2-/-gammac-/- mice leads to de novo development of B, T, and dendritic cells; formation of structured primary and secondary lymphoid organs; and production of functional immune responses. This provides a valuable model to study development and function of the human adaptive immune system in vivo. 相似文献
103.
Lee E Marcucci M Daniell L Pypaert M Weisz OA Ochoa GC Farsad K Wenk MR De Camilli P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5584):1193-1196
In striated muscle, the plasma membrane forms tubular invaginations (transverse tubules or T-tubules) that function in depolarization-contraction coupling. Caveolin-3 and amphiphysin were implicated in their biogenesis. Amphiphysin isoforms have a putative role in membrane deformation at endocytic sites. An isoform of amphiphysin 2 concentrated at T-tubules induced tubular plasma membrane invaginations when expressed in nonmuscle cells. This property required exon 10, a phosphoinositide-binding module. In developing myotubes, amphiphysin 2 and caveolin-3 segregated in tubular and vesicular portions of the T-tubule system, respectively. These findings support a role of the bilayer-deforming properties of amphiphysin at T-tubules and, more generally, a physiological role of amphiphysin in membrane deformation. 相似文献
104.
Partition experiments for a series of chlorobenzenes, 1,4-dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB), 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (1,3,5-TCB), 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,4,5-TeCB), pentachlorobenzene (QCB), and hexochlorobenzene (HCB), in a sediment–water system were carried out and the sediment–water partition isotherms for the chlorobenzenes were determined. The partition isotherms were well described by the linear and the Langmuir models. However, experimental data indicated that the partition isotherms exhibited nonlinear trends at high concentrations. The maximum concentrations that can be adsorbed from the Langmuir model decreased with K OW values of the chlorobenzenes. QSAR analysis showed that strong relationships exist between the partition parameters (partition coefficients and maximum concentration that can be adsorbed) and physicochemical properties (molar volume, solubility in water, and K OW values). 相似文献
105.
106.
Aimée C. Colbath Steven W. Dow C. Wayne McIlwraith Laurie R. Goodrich 《Equine veterinary journal》2020,52(5):654-663
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used for treatment of musculoskeletal diseases in horses, but there is ongoing debate regarding the relative safety and efficacy of allogeneic MSCs, compared with autologous equine MSCs. This review summarises the currently available published data regarding the therapeutic use of autologous and allogeneic MSCs in horses. Arguments that have been advanced against the use of allogeneic MSCs include higher risk of immunological reactions and shorter cell survival times following injection. Arguments favouring the use of allogeneic MSCs include the ability to bank cells and reduce the time to treatment, to collect MSCs from younger donor animals and the ability to manipulate banked cells prior to administration. In vitro studies and a limited set of experimental in vivo studies have indicated that adverse immunological reactions may occur when allogeneic MSCs are administered to horses. However, newer studies lack evidence of inflammatory reactions or adverse clinical responses when allogeneic MSCs are administered and compared with autologous MSCs. Thus, while the relative merits of allogeneic vs autologous MSCs for treatment of musculoskeletal injuries in horses have not been fully established, accumulating evidence from studies in horses suggests that allogeneic MSCs maybe a safe alternative to autologous MSCs. Large, properly designed, randomised trials in addition to careful immunological evaluation of short-term and long-term, local and systemic immune responses are needed to more fully resolve the issue. 相似文献
107.
Tomonori Nakanishi Kazuhiro Kagamizono Sayaka Yokoyama Ryoji Suzuki Hiroyuki Sakakibara Laurie Erickson Satoshi Kawahara 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)
Recent in vitro evidence suggests that the phytol‐derived fatty acids, phytanic acid (PA) and pristanic acid (PrA), are components of animal products with the potential to cause both beneficial and harmful effects on human health. In this study, we investigated the in vivo tissue accumulation of PA and PrA and the changes in tissue lipid profiles, using mice fed a phytol‐containing diet. After 4 weeks of treatment with a diet containing 1.0% phytol, plasma, adipose tissue, liver, and brain were collected and their lipid profiles were biochemically and gas‐chromatographically determined. Dietary phytol caused PA and PrA accumulation in the adipose tissue and liver but not in the brain, and reduced plasma and liver triacylglycerol levels. Phytol intake also decreased the fatty acid concentrations in the adipose tissue, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, but increased the concentrations of these fatty acids in the liver. However, dietary phytol had a low impact on the brain lipid profile. This study suggests that dietary phytol intake caused accumulation of PA and PrA and modified lipid profiles in the adipose tissue and liver, but that the brain is an insusceptible tissue to dietary phytol‐induced changes. 相似文献
108.
Canine granulocytic anaplasmosis is a disease diagnosed in many areas of the United States, with the highest prevalence reported in dogs in the upper midwestern, northeastern, and western states. It is also found in several European countries. Anaplasmosis can manifest with a wide range of clinicopathologic findings. A 20 wk old puppy was presented with physical examination and laboratory findings atypical of the disease. In addition to other signs, abdominal effusion was detected. Diagnostic evaluation confirmed that the puppy was positive for anaplasmosis. No morulae were found in peripheral white blood cells, but morulae were apparent in the white cells of the abdominal effusion. Leukopenia was observed, characterized by neutropenia, as opposed to the lymphopenia and eosinopenia typically seen with the disease. Blast cells were also seen in the peripheral blood, and reactive lymphocytes were noted in the bone marrow. The patient responded well to doxycycline therapy. All hematologic and physical abnormalities resolved. 相似文献
109.
Abstract: The literature on environmental conflict has expanded greatly over the past 10 years, yet most of the cases and theory have been from a Western, Northern, and developed world context. This volume concentrates on cases of current conflict and its management from Asian and Pacific nations. This paper presents a brief literature review of the nature of environmental conflict and highlights some of the key authors who have featured. Their conclusions are summarised into four key suppositions; a) Environmental conflict is a result of scarcity and represents social struggles against uneven usage and allocation of resources; b) Environmental conflict reflects poor performance by governments in developing complex public policy; c) Environmental conflict involves the issues of power and rights; d) Environmental conflict is an inevitable consequence of development and can be constructive. 相似文献
110.
James Desmarchelier Mervyn Bengston Melville Connell Ronald Henning Edward Ridleye Eric Ripp Charles Sierakowski Rex Sticka Jack Snelson Arnold Wilson 《Pest management science》1981,12(4):365-374
Each of the combinations, bioresmethrin (1 mg kg?1) plus pirimiphos-methyl(6 mg kg?1) or fenitrothion (12 mg kg?1), was applied in 1976 to grain in 21 commercial storages. Grain condition and protectant residues were regularly monitored. Three storages became infested with Rhizopertha dominica (F.), but all storages remained free of other insect species. In two of the three infested storages, application of protectant was uneven, and the third became infested only after 8 months of storage. Despite some variations in recovered residues between sites, the mean residue levels were accurately described by predictive models. Falls in temperature during storage varied considerably, and were related to factors other than climate and bin size. There was a marked effect by aeration with ambient cold air on both the grain temperature and the rate of loss of residues. Results of collaborative studies on the determination of residues indicate a need for regular check programmes of analysis, and confirm previous conclusions that residues of fenitrothion and pirimiphos-methyl can be accurately and conventionally determined. 相似文献