风化煤用量下覆膜和AM真菌对玉米生长和土壤微环境的影响

为缓解我国东部贫瘠土壤,以风化煤与覆膜为切入点,通过室内盆栽试验,研究两种覆膜方式(无覆膜和覆薄膜)和两个供试土壤基质(砂土基质和砂煤混合基质)下接种AM真菌对干旱胁迫时玉米生长特性、水分利用效率与土壤性状的影响。结果表明:两个覆膜方式下,砂煤混合基质相比砂土基质提高了接种AM真菌处理的玉米根系侵染率和土壤根外菌丝密度,但无明显差异;同时土壤总球囊霉素和易提取球囊霉素含量分别显著提高了80.0%~106.5%和55.0%~73.3%(P0.05)。同一覆膜方式下,砂煤混合基质接种AM真菌和CK处理的土壤有机碳、全氮与速效磷含量分别显著高于砂土基质下相应处理,但降低了土壤速效钾含量。砂煤混合基质下覆薄膜与接种AM真菌联合对玉米株高、生物量、叶片SPAD值及水分利用效率的促进效果最好;同时砂煤混合基质接种AM真菌处理提高了无覆膜下土壤蔗糖酶和全覆膜下过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶含量,分别比砂土基质下处理显著提高了46.8%~59.8%、37.9%~70.0%与57.8%~87.5%(P0.05)。研究表明施加一定量风化煤时,接种AM真菌和覆薄膜能够促进水分胁迫下的植物生长发育,改善水分利用效率和提高土壤肥力。     

北京松山自然保护区主要树种冠幅预测模型研究

冠幅作为林业研究的关键因子,开展冠幅的研究对于精准林业发展具有重要意义。为了更好地利用冠幅对树木其他因子进行预测,选取了北京市松山自然保护区油松、白蜡、蒙古栎等14个常见树种作为研究对象,基于6种回归方程,借助样地实测数据分别建立每个树种的胸径 冠幅和树高 冠幅模型,并针对每个树种筛选出的最优方程进行了精度检验。结果表明,研建的14个树种的模型具有较好的拟合精度,决定系数R2绝大多数都大于0.5,其中,核桃的胸径 冠幅模型最高,R2=0.951,树高-冠幅模型R2=0.887,蒙古栎树高-冠幅模型最低,R2=0.506,也超过了0.5。所建模型的精度评价指标具有一定的统计学意义,对北京市松山地区大面积林分参数的预测预估有重要的参考价值。     

餐厨垃圾生化尾渣蚯蚓堆肥中矿物的调节效应

餐厨垃圾生化尾渣的资源化利用是餐厨垃圾生化处理后的新难点,针对餐厨垃圾生化尾渣中的高盐分和低腐熟度问题,本研究以脱硫石膏和骨炭作为添加剂,探究脱硫石膏与骨炭对餐厨垃圾生化尾渣蚯蚓堆肥中的调节效应,研究其对蚓体生长及蚯蚓堆肥基本性状变化规律的影响。结果表明:脱硫石膏和骨炭添加均可促进蚯蚓生长繁殖,且骨炭添加下蚯蚓生长状况相对更优;蚯蚓处理可降低蚯蚓堆肥pH而提高其电导率(EC)和总养分含量;骨炭较之脱硫石膏添加下所获蚯蚓堆肥pH、总养分含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均升高,而其EC、脲酶(UA)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性则均降低。腐熟度变化表明,蚯蚓活动和骨炭添加均可降低堆肥中C/N和NH⁺₄-N/NO^-₃-N,增加其腐殖质(HS)、胡敏酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)含量和种子发芽指数(GI)。因此,在餐厨垃圾生化尾渣中添加骨炭进行蚯蚓堆肥以降低盐分和提高腐熟度具有一定可行性。     

分子标记辅助选育小麦抗白粉病、优质高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基聚合体

现代小麦育种的目标是选育丰产、综合抗逆性好的优质小麦新品种,将分子标记技术与传统育种方法相结合可以大大提高育种效率.本研究利用与小麦抗白粉病基因Pm21紧密连锁的共显性PCR标记、以及优质高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基1Dx5 1Dy10特异的PCR标记对以小麦品种安农94212、安农92484为优质亲本和以抗白粉病小麦簇毛麦易位系为抗病亲本的杂交高代材料进行标记位点的检测,结合田间抗病性鉴定结果,筛选、培育出聚合有Pm21和1Dx5 1Dy10的抗白粉病小麦聚合体,为小麦抗病、优质育种提供了具有重要利用价值的中间材料.     

PRA参与式方法探讨广西食用菌生产问题

运用参与式农村评估方法,探讨分析广西食用菌生产发展的现状、问题及对策,得出结论,提出建议。     

地方文化资源数字化保护与文化创意品牌塑造

以惠州龙门农民画产业化为例，惠州龙门农民画是以“南蛮文化”作为独特视角，展现南国传统民俗风情的民间绘画，被誉为世界民间艺术奇葩。分析了产业化发展进程中龙门农民画的艺术特色和文化价值，阐述了基于知识管理的龙门农民画数字化保护思路，并从文化创意角度对龙门农民画的文化品牌塑造进行了探讨。     

Transport of ova through the oviduct of merino ewes

Dissection of the heads of 12 male Red deer revealed that the innervation and blood supply of the antler resembles those in the goat, in that the infratrochlear and zygomaticotemporal nerves supply the antler pedicle accompanied by two main branches of the superficial temporal artery and vein. Analgesia of the antler should be produced by injecting local anaesthetic solution both dorsal to the orbital rim and immediately caudal to the zygomatic process of the frontal bone.     

Parsimoniously modelling perennial vegetation suitability and identifying priority areas to support China's re-vegetation program in the Loess Plateau: Matching model complexity to data availability

The Chinese Central government's policy to re-vegetate large areas of the Loess Plateau is currently being rapidly implemented at the provincial, prefecture, county, township, and village levels of government. Managers at these five levels of government need access to information to assist them to plan the land use change prior to performing on-ground activities. To this end, the suitability of 38 predominately native species in the 113,000 km² Coarse Sandy Hilly Catchments (CSHC) has been mapped at a 100 m resolution. In this data-sparse region, this was achieved by using a five-variable spatial overlay approach as we were able to readily access the required environmental variables and rule-set defining the species’ requirements (or tolerances). As the rules did not consider optimal growth they were possibly ‘too inclusive’, so the spatial extent of areas suggested for re-planting was refined by defining ‘target areas’ for trees, shrubs and grasses based on precipitation, aspect, landform, and slope. In the land-use planning criteria developed here we suggest that hill-slopes and gullies with slopes greater than or equal to 15° (defined from a 100 m resolution DEM) be left for natural succession. Due to lateral flow of water, sediment and nutrients from these steep slope and gullies, further prioritising re-vegetation target areas to the zone adjacent to and down slope from these steep portions of the landscape reduces sediment entering the river network with a minimal decrease of regional stream flow. These two functions (mapping species suitability and locating where priority and target re-vegetation activities should be undertaken) are available at a 100 m resolution for the entire CSHC by accessing a bilingual decision support tool called ReVegIH (Re-Vegetation Impacts on Hydrology). Finally, an ecohydrological model was used to simulate changes in average annual stream flow originating from the CSHC based on implementing the ‘target’ and ‘priority’ area re-vegetation activities within the constraints of two land limits.     

Studies on hollownesss regulation and properties of crosslinked hollow phenolic fibers

The hollowness of crosslinked hollow phenolic fibers was regulated successfully from 9 % to 80 % by adjusting the curing temperature of the partially crosslinked fibers. The partially crosslinked fibers was studied in detail by mass gained, tensile strength, solvent dissolution, SEM, IR, and TG analysis, and the prepared hollow phenolic fibers with different degrees of hollowness were characterized with SEM, tensile strength, TG-DSC and TG-MS. The results show that the factor determining the hollowness is the crosslinked extent of the partially crosslinked fibers and the hollow fibers with different degrees of hollowness have similar crosslinkage, mechanical properties and thermal stability.