Interactive effects of leaf age and self-shading on leaf structure,photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll fluorescence in the rain forest tree,Dryobalanops aromatica

In the tropical canopy tree, Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. f., upper-canopy leaves (UL) develop under sunlit conditions but are subjected to self-shading within the crown as they age. In contrast, lower-canopy leaves (LL) are exposed to uniform dim light conditions throughout their life span. By comparing leaf morphology and physiology of UL and LL, variations in leaf characteristics were related to leaf age and self-shading. Mass-based chlorophyll (chl) concentration and the chlorophyll/nitrogen (chl/N) ratio were lower and the chl a/b ratio was higher in UL than in LL. In UL, the chl/N ratio gradually increased and the chl a/b ratio gradually decreased with leaf aging, whereas these ratios remained unchanged with leaf age in LL. The effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (DeltaF/F(m)') at a given irradiance remained unchanged with leaf age in LL, whereas DeltaF/F(m)' changed with leaf age in UL. These data indicate N reallocation within the leaves from carbon fixation components to light harvesting components and a dynamic regulation of photochemical processes of PSII in response to increased self-shading of UL. Despite the difference in light environment with leaf age between UL and LL, maximum photosynthetic rates and nitrogen-use efficiency decreased with leaf aging in both UL and LL. Constancy in the chl/N ratio with leaf age in LL indicated that the decrease in photosynthetic capacity was caused by effects other than shading, such as leaf aging. We conclude that N reallocation and acclimation of PSII to self-shading occurred even in mature leaves, whereas the change in photosynthetic capacity with leaf age was more conservative.     

对拖拉机变型产品技术条件的探讨

运输型或多功能拖拉机产品从 90年代中期以来进入了一个快速发展的时期。介绍了拖拉机变型产品的发展过程和作用 ,叙述了目前该产品的技术条件、行业标准的形成过程、作用和意义 ,分析了该类产品现有行业标准存在的问题 ,并提出了拖拉机变型产品技术条件行业标准的修订建议 ,重点探讨了四轮拖拉机变型产品技术条件中的一些关键技术指标     

荷斯坦奶牛BoLA—DRB3基因多态性与乳房炎相关性分析

本研究采用HaeⅢ和EstY Ⅰ内切酶,以PCR-RFLP方法分别检测了新疆地区引进的澳大利亚荷斯坦奶牛BoLA-DRB3基因的多态性及其与乳房炎的相关性.结果共检测到9种基因型5种等位基因.其中基因型HaeⅢAB和Bsty ⅠAA为优势基因型.等位基因HaeⅡA和Bsty Ⅰ A为优势基因;在高于健康牛的分布频率中,基因型HaeⅢAB和Bsty ⅠAB,基因HaeⅢB和BstY Ⅰ A基因频率在感染牛中分布频率最高:在高于感染牛的分布频率中.基因型HaeⅢAA和BstY Ⅰ AA,基因HaeⅢA和BstY Ⅰ A在健康牛中分布频率最高.经X2适合性检验,HaeⅢ酶切位点的碱基突变偏离平衡状态(P<0.01),而BstY Ⅰ酶切位点碱基突变达到平衡状态(P>0.05);HaeⅢ酶切基因型和基因频率在感染牛和健康牛中分布差异均极显著(P<0.01);BstYⅠ酶切基因型和基因频率在感染牛和健康牛中的分布差异均不显著(P>0.05).     

蒙古马血液蛋白(酶)遗传多态性及聚类分析

采用垂直平板不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对221匹蒙古马（包括乌珠穆沁马、乌审马、锡尼河马和巴尔虎马）的8种血液蛋白进行多态性检测。计算了各位点的基因型频率、等位基因频率、遗传杂合度，并通过聚类分析探讨了群体间的亲缘关系和遗传距离。结果表明：除α1-B糖蛋白（A1B）位点呈现为单态外，其余7个蛋白（酶）位点均在不同程度上表现出多态。8个蛋白（酶）位点的平均杂合度分别为：乌珠穆沁马0．3296，乌审马0．3056，锡尼河马0．3783和巴尔虎马0．3666。对Nei氏标准遗传距离进行聚类分析，发现巴尔虎马和锡尼河马之间的遗传距离最近，它们与乌珠穆沁马和乌审马的遗传距离相对较远。     

线粒体DNA的研究及其应用

线粒体是真核生物细胞内的一种重要而独特的细胞器,为细胞的活动提供能量。线粒体DNA是哺乳动物细胞内唯一存在的核外遗传物质,是核外遗传研究的热点,目前已取得了瞩目的成就,就线粒体DNA的研究及其在动物以及人类中的应用进行综述。     

Essential oil from the leaves of Cryptomeria japonica acts as a silverfish (Lepisma saccharina) repellent and insecticide

This is the first article to report the evaluation of a natural product used as an antisilverfish agent. Silverfish (Lepisma saccharina), primitive wingless insects, feed on a variety of materials, including paper, cotton, starch, and cereals. They can be a problem in libraries and other places where books, documents, and papers are stored. In this pilot study, the essential oil from leaves of Cryptomeria japonica was investigated to test its properties as a silverfish repellent and insecticide. The results from a repellency bioassay show that the essential oil significantly repelled silverfish. The repellent activity was 80% at a dosage of 0.01 mg/cm³. When silverfish were exposed to a concentration of 0.16 mg/cm³ of essential oil, they were killed within 10h. The chemical composition of essential oil, the emissions from a test chamber, and the residue left on filter papers previously soaked with the essential oil in a chamber were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The components of the essential oil were found to be: elemol (18.22%), 16-kaurene (11.63%), 3-carene (9.66%), sabinene (9.37%), 4-terpineol (9.06%), β-eudesmol (5.70%), α-pinene (5.62%), and limonene (5.26%). Only some constituents of the essential oil compounds collected by solid-phase microextraction were found to be emitted in the test chamber. The main constituents were: 3-carene (21.03%), p-cymene (10.95%), limonene (9.49%), β-myrcene (9.39%), γ-terpinene (9.10%), α-terpinene (8.57%), and 4-terpineol (7.97%).     

5-Hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone induces apoptosis through reactive oxygen species production, growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 expression, and caspase activation in human leukemia cells

This study examined the growth inhibitory effects of structurally related polymethoxylated flavones in human cancer cells. Here, we report that 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone (5-OH-HxMF) induces growth inhibition of human cancer cells and induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cells through modulation of mitochondrial functions regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS generation occurs in the early stages of 5-OH-HxMF-induced apoptosis, preceding cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and DNA fragmentation. The changes occurred after single breaks in DNA were detected, suggesting that 5-OH-HxMF induced irreparable DNA damage, which in turn triggered the process of apoptosis. Up-regulation of Bax was found in 5-OH-HxMF-treated HL-60 cells. In addition, a caspase-independent pathway indicated by endonuclease G also contributed to apoptosis caused by 5-OH-HxMF. Antioxidants suppress 5-OH-HxMF-induced apoptosis. 5-OH-HxMF markedly enhanced growth arrest DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153) protein in a time-dependent manner. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and catalase prevented up-regulation of GADD153 expression caused by 5-OH-HxMF. These findings suggest that 5-OH-HxMF creates an oxidative cellular environment that induces DNA damage and GADD153 gene activation, which in turn helps trigger apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Meanwhile, ROS were proven an important inducer in this apoptotic process. The C-5 hydroxyl on the ring of 5-OH-HxMF was found to be essential for the antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity. Our study identified the novel mechanisms of 5-OH-HxMF-induced apoptosis and indicated that these results have significant applications as potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents.     

茶产业巩固脱贫攻坚成果的实践探索——以三江侗族自治县为例

发展茶产业可带动地区提质增效和增加农户收益,为乡村振兴提供有力支撑.三江侗族自治县利用生态优势,加强标准化基地建设,培育荼产业龙头企业,出台激励政策,促进产品销售,创建核心品牌,加强人才培养等推进荼产业高质量发展,取得了一定成效.三江侗族自治县发展茶产业主要经验包括加强组织领导、加强资金保障、引领绿色发展、提高产业品质、完善配套设施.为进一步促进三江侗族自治县茶产业高质量发展,全面推进乡村振兴,应提升产业品质、打造区域公用品牌、加强一二三产融合发展.