纤维素酶解辅助水提黄芪多糖的工艺条件

以蒙古黄芪为试验材料,研究纤维素酶解辅助水提黄芪多糖的工艺条件.考察水提温度、水提时间、水提次数、料液比4个单因素对黄芪多糖提取率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,选择4因素3水平进行正交试验优化工艺参数.结果表明,蒙古黄芪在纤维素酶解预处理后,水提温度对黄芪多糖提取率影响显著,其次是料液比和水提次数,水提时间影响较小.在料液比1∶12,水提温度100℃,水提时间1.5 h,水提3次,黄苠多糖提取率达4.76％,与传统水提法(3.09％)相比,黄芪多糖提取率提高了54.05％.     

新型绿色农药5-氨基乙酰丙酸的应用及合成方法

5-氨基乙酰丙酸是一种新型农药,由于其在环境中易降解,无残留,对人蓄无毒性,所以是一种无公害的绿色农药而倍受关注,在农业领域应用非常广泛,主要应用于植物生长调节剂、绿色除草剂、杀虫剂等方面,还可以应用到医学、有机合成等方面。本文还对其国内、外的生物方法、化学方法合成研究现状做了分析总结,为δ-ALA在农业、医学等各个领域的应用推广提供了理论依据,为以后δ-ALA的合成方法研究提供了研究方向。     

防虫与化控措施对罗汉果生长发育的影响

为扩大罗汉果的种植地域,以罗汉果组培苗为材料,采用防虫网和化学调控相结合的方法,探讨罗汉果在低纬度高温地区的栽培技术.结果表明,利用防虫网可以有效控制罗汉果病毒病的感染及其传播,采取化学调控措施可以促使罗汉果提早现蕾开花,提高罗汉果植株现蕾率和产量.     

The genetic relationship between popping expansion volume and two yield components in popcorn using unconditional and conditional QTL analysis

Popping expansion volume (PEV) is the most important quality trait in popcorn, while its germplasm is inferior to normal dent/flint corn in yield. In this study, 259 F_2:3 families, developed from the cross between a dent corn inbred Dan232 and a popcorn inbred N04, were evaluated for their PEV, grain weight per plant (GWP) and 100-grain weight (100 GW) in two environments. The genetic relationship between PEV and GWP, and 100 GW on individual gene loci were evaluated using unconditional and conditional QTL mapping methods. In total, five, one and three unconditional QTL were identified for PEV, GWP, and 100 GW, respectively. The positive alleles of all QTL for PEV were from N04, while positive alleles of all QTL for GWP and 100 GW were from Dan232. In conditional mapping, one and two QTL failed to be detected, and all four additional QTL were detected. Nevertheless, three QTL were identified, which controlled PEV independently from GWP/100 GW. They seemed to be potential candidates in popcorn breeding to increase PEV without decreasing GWP/100 GW. The results suggested that for significantly correlated traits, the conditional QTL mapping method could be used to dissect the genetic interrelationship between traits at the level of individual QTL, as well as reveal additional QTL that were undetectable by unconditional mapping.     

不同类型水稻品种的产量与食味品质的关系比较

本试验采用辽宁省近年来主栽的13个水稻品种为试验材料,研究不同类型水稻品种的产量与品质间的差异和相互关系,以期为高产优质栽培及育种提供理论基础.结果表明:不同类型水稻品种的产量为:密穗型>中间型>散穗型.密穗型品种的成粒数、总颖花数均高于散穗型品种.密穗型品种的食味值高于散穗型品种;密穗型品种的蛋白质含量低于散穗型品种.着粒密度8.5～9.2粒/cm,320万～330万穗/hm2,每穗颖花数150～170个,成粒数达125～150粒/穗,产量和食味品质均能达到较高水平,因此,中间类型品种具有更高产优质的潜力.     

小麦及大麦幼苗对供锌及添加CaCO3/HCO3-的反应

石灰性土壤含有大量CaCO3所产生的高含量HCO3-及CaCO3对Zn的吸附作用被认为是造成作物缺锌的重要原因.该研究在营养液中添加CaCO3或HCO3-,探讨了两者在不同供Zn条件下对2种小麦(小偃22、郑麦9023)与1种大麦(西引2号)幼苗生长及Zn吸收的影响.结果表明,不供Zn条件下,添加HCO3-时3种供试作物均出现明显失绿症状,供Zn时症状减轻;同时HCO3-明显抑制小麦和大麦生长,供Zn抑制作用减轻.供Zn显著增加幼苗的Zn吸收,且地上部增加幅度高于根系;3种供试作物均对缺锌较为敏感;HCO3-通过抑制幼苗生长及Zn从根系向地上部转运而影响Zn吸收,大麦的锌转运率高于小麦.HCO3-还显著提高了营养液pH,但介质中有作物时pH值增加幅度较小;与HCO3-相比,高量CaCO3对作物生长及Zn吸收影响较小,但能明显提高营养液pH值.     

叶绿体型转昆虫抗冻蛋白基因烟草的耐寒性

根据已构建的大豆叶绿体表达载体pJY01,设计特异性引物,将昆虫抗冻蛋白基因MpAFP149插入此载体中构成叶绿体表达载体pJY01-MpAFP149,利用基因枪轰击法转化烟草,经壮观霉素筛选获得4株叶绿体型转抗冻蛋白基因烟草株系。PCR和PCR-Southern结果显示外源基因已整合至烟草叶绿体基因组中但同质化水平不高,RT-PCR结果也表明昆虫抗冻蛋白基因已发生了转录。将野生型烟草、叶绿体型转抗冻蛋白基因烟草及核转化T₁代转抗冻蛋白基因烟草(pCAMBIA1302- MpAFP149)于–1℃低温处理3 d,观察耐寒表型及测定相对电导率。结果表明, 叶绿体型转基因烟草的耐寒表型优于野生型烟草,但与核转化的T₁代转抗冻蛋白基因烟草无显著差异。处理3 d时,叶绿体型转基因烟草和T₁代转抗冻蛋白基因烟草的电导率分别为39.2%和38.2%,而野生型烟草已达73.7%。本实验获得的异质化转叶绿体抗冻蛋白基因烟草与转核基因烟草的耐寒力无差异。     

特色传统食品大咯馇腐败菌分离及保鲜剂的筛选

分离和纯化了导致大咯馇腐败的主要微生物,并作为优选天然复合保鲜剂的供试菌。对大咯馇的初始菌相进行了分析比较,确定各种腐败菌的分离率为:细菌为96.83%,霉菌为3.16%,初步分离优势腐败细菌1株,并用最大浓度保鲜液对优势腐败菌在平板上进行了抑菌性试验,抑菌圈为3.70cm,效果显著。对保鲜剂的单一成分及浓度进行正交试验,筛选出复合保鲜剂的最佳配比为T1,T2,T3的质量分数分别为5.0%,0.4%,1.0%。     

Analysis on the self-locking effect and slipping motion of balls in the screw pair

In view of self-locking and slipping phenomenon on restricting high-speed operation of ball screw, the model of ball screw is constructed and theoretical analysis of the movement feature of ball screw is made to reveal the reason of self-locking and slipping, and its influence on high-speed operation. Then the sliding speed format of ball screw is derived according to the movement rules of ball screw, and effective methods to avoid ball self-locking and slipping are put forward. Dynamics analysis is conducted with ADAMS software. Simulation results have confirmed the correctness of ball screw’ movement.     

气候变化对西部绿洲地区年气候生产力的影响

为了解灌溉区气候变化对农业生产的影响规律,笔者通过对西部绿洲地区（甘肃河西、新疆南疆地区及宁夏）气象资料与年气候生产力的分析,发现年气候生产力年际变化规律为：甘肃河西、新疆南疆地区呈逐年增加趋势,增速为0.97~38.12 kg/(hm2?a),宁夏地区呈逐年减少趋势,减速为4.65~17.86 kg/(hm2?a),且与降水量的变化趋势非常一致。空间变化规律表现为：在经度小于90°的地区,随着纬度及经度的增大,年气候生产力增加;在经度大于90°的地区,随着纬度减小及经度的增大,年气候生产力增加。针对未来可能出现的49种情况,预测年气候生产力的变化趋势,以湿型气候年型最为有利,呈增长趋势,增幅为3.4~28.5 kg/(hm2?a);干型气候年型不利,呈递减趋势,减幅为6.6~29.9 kg/(hm2?a)。