内质网应激介导的胰岛β细胞凋亡研究进展

胰岛β细胞具有十分发达的内质网(ER),并且对应激非常敏感。多种原因都会使ER的稳态被破坏,引起未折叠蛋白反应(UPR)以及Ca^2+稳态失衡,进一步诱发内质网应激(ERS)。适度的ERS有利于恢复其稳态,过度的ERS会导致ER功能受损,并进一步诱导胰岛β细胞凋亡,从而介导糖尿病的发生、发展。因此,对生理及病理条件引发的ERS进行分析,探讨ERS介导的胰岛β细胞凋亡,可为糖尿病的深入研究奠定理论基础。     

新生仔猪赖氨酸的需要量研究

本试验旨在研究不同日粮赖氨酸水平对新生仔猪生长性能、氮利用及体沉积的影响,探讨新生仔猪赖氨酸的需要量.选取4日龄、平均体重为(1-90±0.05)kg的杜×长×大三元杂新生仔猪46头,其中40头按窝别和体重分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复2头猪,另外6头在试验开始时屠宰,测定体成分;各组日粮赖氨酸水平分别为1.27%(对照组)、1.37%、1.47%、1.57%及1.67%,饲养至21日龄.结果表明:1)1.47%～1.67%组仔猪21日龄体重、15～21日龄及4～21日龄平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),以1.57%组平均日增重最大.1.57%组和1.67%组在15～21日龄及4～21日龄的平均日采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05).1.37%～1.67%组的仔猪料重比均显著低于对照组(P<0.05).2)1.47%～1.67%组仔猪氮的生物学价值显著高于1.27%～1.37%组(P<0.05).3)日粮赖氨酸水平未显著影响能量和脂肪沉积(P>0.05);随日粮赖氨酸水平的提高,蛋白质的每日沉积量增加,147%~1.67%组显著高于1.27%～1.37%组(P<0.05),以1.67%组最大.综合各项测定指标得出,4～21日龄仔猪日粮赖氨酸适宜水平为1.57%,即赖氨酸含量为73.1 g/kg CP或0.85 g/MJ DE;仔猪每日赖氨酸需要量为2.43 g/d.     

玉米、小麦、水稻秸秆自然发酵的生化变化

测定玉米、小麦、水稻干秸秆在自然发酵中的生化变化.结果表明:玉米秸秆气味香甜,pH下降迅速并保持在4.2以下,挥发性发酵产物种类有13种,主要为乙醇、乙酸、乳酸及甘油等利于提高饲料品质的物质;而小麦和水稻秸秆质地生硬,生料气味,pH下降困难,挥发性发酵产物多达20种,其中乳酸和乙酸较少,而产生丁酸等影响发酵品质的物质较多;发酵物中可溶性糖含量的变化在一定程度上反映其优劣;当发酵初期可溶性糖较多时,pH下降迅速,后期可溶性糖含量平稳;而当初期可溶性糖含量较低时,pH下降缓慢,后期可溶性糖含量则一直下降.     

利用Excel电子表格设计生长猪营养需要模型的探讨

在广泛测定、收集广东省及我国集约化生产条件下商品猪胴体品质参数,获得标准化胴体无脂瘦肉增重数据的基础上,参考NRC(1998)模型的有关参数,运用Office中Excel构建了中国瘦肉型猪营养模型(GXS2003),初始参数主要包括体重、遗传潜力、环境因子等。模型模拟养分进入体内代谢途径和规律,初步实现了对我国集约化养殖条件下生长肥育猪消化能日采食量、饲料日采食量、日增重和饲料转化率等生产性能和粗蛋白、氨基酸、维生素和矿物元素等营养需要量的估测。该模型尚需在能量采食量、效率系数、周转代谢、环境保护和专家系统等方面进行深入研究…     

添食色素对家蚕生理变化影响的研究

家蚕添食不同的色素后,绢丝腺出现了不同的反应。有的可使其着色而有的则不能。在对已着色的家蚕绢丝腺进行酯酶同功酶的分析可以看出,添食的色素没有改变蚕品种的遗传物质的分子结构,但对家蚕的生理产生了影响。同一个家蚕品种对不同的色素或不同浓度的色素所产生的影响大小也是不同的。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒河北地方株ORF6基因的克隆及原核表达

从河北沧州分离到一株疑似猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒,接种Marc-145细胞,经4代盲传,出现细胞病变,经鉴定为PRRSV,命名为HB-3(cz)株。根据GenBank公布的PRRSV JXA1株ORF6基因的核苷酸序列,设计并合成一对特异性引物(P1/P2),用RT-PCR方法扩增完整ORF6基因,将扩增产物连接到pGM-T载体并转化克隆菌,阳性重组质粒PGM-M进行序列测定与分析。后将克隆质粒PGM-M双酶切后连接原核表达载体pET-32a(+),在Rosseta-DE3中成功获得表达,经Western-blotting分析表明,表达蛋白与阳性血清发生特异性反应。     

Inductive expression of the NOD1 signalling pathway in chickens infected with Salmonella pullorum

1. The aim of this study was to describe the role of Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) receptor signalling in chicken.

2. Tissue-specific expression analysis of NOD1, receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 (MAPK11 or p38) by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed their wide distribution in various organs and tissues.

3. Salmonella pullorum infection activated NOD1 receptor signalling in vivo and in vitro, resulting in significant induction of downstream signalling molecules RIPK2, NF-κB/p65, MAPK11/p38 and the effector molecules IL-1b and IL-8.

4. Activation of NOD1 by its agonist bacterial γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) in HD11 cells induced the adapter molecular RIPK2 and activated the NF-κB/p65 and MAPK11/p38 pathways, resulting in an increase in IL-8 but not IL-1β. Additionally, inhibition of NOD1 using NOD1-shRNA resulted in downregulation of RIPK2, MAPK11 and IL-8, while NF-κB/p65 and IL-1β were unaltered.

5. These results highlight the important role of NOD1 receptors in eliciting the innate immune response following pathogenic invasion in chicken.     

Effects of Sodium Fluoride on the Morphological Structure of the Epididymis and the Expression of Tight Junction Genes

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of fluoride on epididymal morphological structure and mRNA expression of tight junction genes.60 healthy male mice were divided into four groups randomly, including control group (distilled water) and 25,50,100 mg NaF/L groups, respectively. After 60 days, the thighbones were collected and fluoride contents were determined by fluorine ion selective electrode method. Paraffin slides of right epididymis with HE stain were produced to evaluate epididymal morphological structure under light microscope. The left epididymis were collected to isolate total RNA and detect the mRNA expression of tight junction genes by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the fluoride contents of thighbones increased in a dose-dependent manner, and were extremely significantly higher in 50 and 100 mg/L groups than those in control group (P<0.01).NaF extremely significantly increased the thickness of cauda epididymal pipe wall in fluoride groups (P<0.01) and the Claudin-2 mRNA expressions in fluoride groups were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01) and the ZO-1 mRNA expression in 100 mg/L group was significantly decreased (P<0.05) as compared with control group. In conclusion, excessive NaF ingestion adversely affected epididymal morphological structure and mRNA expressions of Claudin-2 and>ZO-1,which might contribute to the damage of blood-epididymal barrier.     

鸭绿江茴鱼人工繁殖技术的研究

鸭绿江茴鱼目前已经濒临绝迹,为保护这一濒危物种,并扩大其种群数量,根据该鱼的生物学特性,对鸭绿江茴鱼亲鱼的驯化方法,性成熟年龄,繁殖季节,人工授精方法,孵化方法,鱼苗培育,饵料投喂等进行了研究。结果表明:鸭绿江茴鱼性成熟年龄为2龄;产卵期在4月中旬至5月末;卵在水温8℃经17 d左右,累积温度达135度日开始发眼;25 d左右,累积温度达200度日开始破膜;32 d左右,累积温度达250度日开始上浮;经36 d左右,累积温度达290度日开始驯化摄食;开口摄食时投喂适合鱼苗吞咽的活饵料(小型枝角类、桡足类);1个月后体长达2.5 cm时,投喂大型枝角类、桡足类和适合摄食的鸡蛋羹。研究结果显示,鸭绿江茴鱼可以通过人工手段进行繁殖。     

棉籽饼粕脱毒方法研究进展

棉籽饼粕含有丰富的蛋白质,但同时也含有对畜禽有毒害作用的游离棉酚。研究适宜的脱毒方法脱除或钝化棉籽饼粕中的游离棉酚,使之变成优质的蛋白质饲料,对缓解我国蛋白质饲料资源不足和促进饲料工业的发展具有重大的现实意义。本文从棉酚的结构、中毒症状谈起,综述了目前棉籽饼粕主要脱毒方法的效果和优缺点,同时对研究中存在的一些问题提出了看法和改进建议。