兰州百合同源四倍体诱导及其基因组大小估算

兰州百合(2n=2x=24)是重要的“药食同源”植物,进行其种质创新和基因组大小分析对于丰富其种质资源和生物学信息具有重要意义。以兰州百合的种子和试管小鳞茎为试验材料,通过秋水仙素浸泡诱导染色体加倍,经流式细胞仪倍性检测获得的同源四倍体植株分别有10和4株,四倍体诱导率分别为21.11%和33.27%。为了估算兰州百合基因组大小,以小麦品种“中国春”为内标,通过流式细胞仪测算兰州百合二倍体和四倍体植株中的DNA含量,得出兰州百合基因组为64.9 Gbp,是“中国春”核基因组的4倍。     

中药成分辛弗林对胶体金免疫层析法检测β-受体激动剂的影响

旨在探究陈皮、青皮、木瓜、厚朴、红景天等5种中药材提取液以及饲喂了陈皮和青皮的猪尿液胶体金免疫层析法检测结果呈阳性的原因。建立测定猪尿及中药提取物中辛弗林的LC-MS/MS检测方法,测定陈皮、青皮的提取物和饲喂陈皮、青皮后猪尿中的辛弗林浓度。用小鼠肝微粒体孵育CGIA检测呈阳性的陈皮、青皮、木瓜和厚朴4味中药提取物。饲喂陈皮和青皮后的猪尿液检出辛弗林,浓度分别为1.36和1.65 μg·mL^-1;在陈皮和青皮的提取复溶液中检出辛弗林,浓度分别为132.6和312.7 μg·mL^-1。厚朴和木瓜两种中药提取物经过肝微粒体孵育后,在2~5 h逐渐由CGIA检测阳性转为阴性,陈皮和青皮孵育后,0~6 h的结果均为CGIA检测阳性;阴性中药组CGIA检测均呈阴性,而添加辛弗林的阳性对照组0~6 h CGIA检测均呈阳性。猪较大剂量使用陈皮和青皮会引起猪尿β-受体激动剂CGIA检测出现假阳性,该假阳性现象跟中药成分辛弗林有关,体外试验中辛弗林不易被小鼠肝微粒体代谢。     

Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of rDNA ITS of Three Eimeria Species in Rabbit

In order to study whether the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequence could be used as a molecular marker for the species identification of rabbit coccidian, the rDNA ITS of Eimeria intestinalis, Eimeria flavescens and Eimeria magna were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and were cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector subsequently. The positive recombinant plasmids were identified by PCR and then sequenced. By sequence comparison and comparative analysis with the relative sequences of rabbit Eimeria spp. available in GenBank, the results showed that the lengths of Eimeria intestinalis, Eimeria flavescens and Eimeria magna were 1065, 1009 and 1047 bp, respectively, and the sequence homologies with the same species sequences were 99.2%, 99.0% and 94.5%, respectively, while were 55.3% to 82.1% compared with corresponding sequences of other different species sequences. The phylogenetic analysis using software Mega 5.0 showed that all rabbit coccidia clustered together in a clade, which was divided into two sister lineages, corresponding to the presence or absence of oocyst residuum. The result demonstrated ITS could be used as a molecular marker for the species identification of rabbit coccidia.     

昆虫黑化反应的分子机制研究进展

目的克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)属于节肢动物门甲壳纲十足目,也称淡水小龙虾。多巴脱羧酶(dopa decarboxylase)作为小龙虾先天免疫应答中的一种关键酶,在抵御外来病原体的侵害上起到了重要作用。本研究以克氏原螯虾为材料,克隆了Pc-ddc cDNA序列并对其进行生物信息学及组织mRNA表达分析。方法通过分子生物学技术构建大肠杆菌表达载体,并进行生物信息学分析,同时应用qRT-PCR技术分析其mRNA组织表达分布。结果生物信息学分析表明：获得了开放阅读框全长为1 425 bp的Pc-ddc基因的cDNA序列,编码474个氨基酸残基,多肽的理论分子量为52.99 ku,蛋白分子式为C₂₃₈₄H₃₆₈₉N₆₄₇O₆₇₄S₂₅,等电点为5.98,为弱酸性蛋白且N-末端无信号肽。亚细胞定位表明：Pc-DDC蛋白在线粒体中最多;组织表达分析表明：Pc-ddc mRNA在检测的6个组织中差异表达,其中,淋巴组织表达量最高。结论本研究为克氏原螯虾等无脊椎动物先天免疫系统的深入探索提供了理论支撑。     

燃油植物橡胶树籽的开发利用

橡胶树是中国重要的经济树种,广泛种植于云南和海南等热带区域。橡胶籽是橡胶树的重要副产品,其种仁营养价值高;其中,粗蛋白含量约25%~30%,且必需氨基酸组成较平衡;粗脂肪含量为50%,且橡胶籽油成分近似于亚麻籽油,富含α-亚麻酸,其含量为花生油和葵花油的数十倍。橡胶籽中含有氢氰酸等抗营养因子,但经贮存、加热可钝化绝大部分氰化物。可见,橡胶籽及其加工产品可作为养殖动物饲料原料。前期研究发现：水产饲料中添加一定比例橡胶籽饼对鱼类生长和健康无明显负面影响,但高比例添加会对鱼类消化和健康产生一定负面影响,其可能与橡胶籽饼中高含量粗纤维有关;橡胶籽饼中赖氨酸和蛋氨酸含量相对较低,使用时应注意补充赖氨酸和蛋氨酸。橡胶籽油富含α-亚麻酸,是鱼油的优质替代源,可部分甚至完全替代水产饲料中的鱼油。本文综述了橡胶籽产品的营养价值及其在水产饲料中的应用现状,可为橡胶籽的开发利用提供理论基础。     

归芪甘草汤对小鼠免疫功能的影响

为研究归芪甘草汤对小鼠免疫功能的影响,该药液由黄芪、当归、炙甘草、熟地和党参组成,经传统水煎法获得浓度为1 g/mL药液;以环磷酰胺诱导建立小鼠免疫抑制模型,培健康小鼠和免疫抑制小鼠灌服药液;在试验第15天,应用流式细胞技术、溶血素测定法和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能测定法,检测复方中药对小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群(CD4、CD8)、IgM和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响.结果显示对免疫抑制小鼠,灌服药液和灌服蒸馏水小鼠相比较,CD4+/CD8+、IgM、吞噬功能百分率和吞噬指数差异极显著(P＜0 01);对健康小鼠,灌服药液和灌服蒸馏水小鼠相比较,CD4+ /CD8+比值差异不显著(P＞0.05),IgM值和吞噬百分率差异显著(P＜0.05),吞噬指数差异极显著(P＜0.01).表明归芪甘草汤具有增强昆明系小鼠免疫功能的作用,尤其是对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能增强更为显著.     

以金针菇菌糠为培养基质的猴头菇高效栽培技术

以猴头菇为研究对象,采用金针菇菌糠、滤泥等廉价培养基质,通过优化液体菌种和栽培培养基配方、栽培方式等建立猴头菇高效栽培技术体系.结果表明,猴头菇液体菌种的培养基配方为H3,培养到第4天时活力最强;猴头菇栽培培养基配方W2;栽培方式以小口径、不需要搔菌为好;比较菌糠培养基与纯玉米芯培养基栽培获得的子实体,金针菇菌糠培养基...     

从野外昆虫体内分离的5株微孢子虫的生物学特性与分子系统发育研究

从广西蚕区的野外昆虫菜粉蝶(Pieris rapae)、桑尺蠖(Hemerophila atrilineata)、斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)的体内收集到5株对家蚕有一定食下感染力的微孢子虫,通过生物学性状、分子系统发育研究,为其分类鉴定提供依据。来自野外昆虫的5株微孢子虫均具有Nosema属的生物学特性:显微镜下观察形状均呈长卵圆形,与家蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis,Nb)有较明显差异;在生活史的各发育阶段均为双核,以二分裂方式增殖,最后形成双核成熟孢子;与Nb抗血清均产生阳性凝聚反应;超微结构观察均具双核,极丝圈数在12～14圈之间,极丝倾斜角与Nb有差异。根据5株野外昆虫微孢子虫与其它昆虫微孢子虫基于SSU rRNA基因序列构建的系统发育树,以及基于SSU rRNA和rRNA ITS基因序列进行的相似性和遗传距离分析,初步认为5株野外昆虫微孢子虫与家蚕微孢子虫同属异种。     

早熟金柑新品种‘金秋早’

早熟金柑新品种‘金秋早’是从福建省尤溪县‘尤溪金柑’园中优良实生单株选育而成。生长健壮。果实近球形,果皮橙黄至橙红色,单果质量17~26 g,皮肉脆嫩化渣,酸甜可口,风味浓。果汁可溶性固形物含量13%,总酸0.8%,总糖9%,维生素C 394 mg·L~(-1)。每果种子数5~7个。成熟期在11月上旬,比‘尤溪金柑’早15~20 d。适宜在福建省尤溪金柑适栽区种植。     

Numerical analysis of injection molding for the Syringe Barrel with optimum design and processing condition

The numerical analysis was performed to predict the potential problem, often occurring during the manufacturing process of the disposable medical device of a great volume. The cavity filling analyses were performed for the new design of the 3cc Syringe Barrel using polypropylene(PP1), and a new nucleated polypropylene(PP2) material for better clarity. These analyses have been performed for different processing conditions as well as various wall thickness designs for both materials. With the nucleated material, only the original wall thickness design has been studied at two different processing conditions for comparison purpose. This study was conducted to investigate the optimum part design and processing condition for two different materials. The most desirable design was selected with Design 3 for material utilization and reduced flow stresses by comparing the field results. The new nucleated polypropylene provided slightly better product quality and processing.