穗位高系数对玉米产量及产量构成的影响

为探究穗位高系数对玉米产量及产量构成的影响,采用125份玉米材料开展大田试验,测定株高、穗位高、穗位高系数、单穗粒数、千粒重及产量等性状指标。同时对1985—2019年可查文献中已发表的相关数据进行Meta分析。结果表明：1)株高和穗位高对单穗粒数、千粒重、产量均有极显著影响(P<0.01);穗位高系数对单穗粒数和千粒重影响显著(P<0.05)。2)玉米株高分布在175.10～295.00 cm,穗位高在53.50—127.67 cm,穗位高系数在0.29～0.49,随着株高、穗位高、穗位高系数的增加,单穗粒数呈先上升后下降的趋势,当株高为267.76 cm,穗位高为99.46 cm,穗位高系数为0.40时,单穗粒数达到最大值;千粒重随着株高、穗位高、穗位高系数的增加先呈直线上升趋势,之后不再增加,千粒重达到最大值时,株高为292.25 cm,穗位高为80.95 cm,穗位高系数为0.50;产量随株高、穗位高的增加而增加,随着穗位高系数的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,当穗位高系数为0.42时,产量达到最大值。3)对文献和本试验的数据分别进行决策树分析,结果均表明,株高较穗位高...     

寄生原虫嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶研究进展

寄生原虫是一类单细胞寄生性原虫,包括利什曼原虫（Leishmania spp.）、锥虫（Trypanosoma spp.）、疟原虫（Plasmodium spp.）、刚地弓形虫（Toxoplasma gondii）、隐孢子虫（Cryptosporidium spp.）和艾美耳球虫（Eimeria spp.）等,可引起严重危害人类与动物健康以及对养殖业造成巨大经济损失的原虫病。寄生虫入侵宿主后的发育和繁殖需要大量的嘌呤核苷酸,相应的嘌呤碱基在嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶的催化下生成对 应的嘌呤核苷酸。嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶是一类参与嘌呤核苷酸补救合成的重要代谢酶,广泛存在于寄生原虫中。寄生原虫的嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶主要包括腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶和次黄嘌呤 - 鸟嘌呤 - 黄嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶,两者在寄生原虫中分别催化腺嘌呤核苷酸、次黄嘌呤核苷酸、鸟嘌呤核苷酸和黄嘌呤核苷酸合成,从而参与寄生原虫的多个生化代谢过程,不仅为寄生原虫核酸生物合成等提供前体物质,还为虫体提供通用能量载体。由于寄生原虫的嘌呤补救途径明显区别于宿主的从头合成途径,且嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶是寄生原虫嘌呤补救途径的关键酶,因而近年来寄生原虫嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶成为抗原虫药物候选靶标的研究热点,以寄生原虫嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶为潜在靶标,特异性筛选、设计抑制剂,并开发抗寄生原虫药物取得重要进展。以利什曼原虫、锥虫、疟原虫和弓形虫的嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶为重点,综述寄生原虫嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶的基本特征、生物学功能、抑制剂筛选与应用的研究进展,以期为抗寄生原虫药物靶标研究与新型抑制剂筛选提供参考。     

Preparation of a dicyandiamide-contained novel insulation paper and an experiment on the thermal aging characteristics of relevant oil-paper insulations

In order to study the influence of dicyandiamide added into the insulation paper on the oil-paper insulation during the aging process.The insulation paper containing dicyandiamide and the insulation paper without any stabilizer are prepared. They are immersed in transformer oil separately and placed in the aging chamber with predefined temperature of 130℃ for 31 days to perform thermal aging experiment of oil-paper insulation. The specimens are periodically sampled and some parameters are measured like the degree of polymerization(DP), the breakdown voltage, the nitrogen content, the acidity of insulation oil, and UV-Vis spectrum. The results show that the insulation paper added with dicyandiamide has a distinct anti-aging and anti-breakdown effect and the DP is 58% higher than that of blank sample at the later stage of aging. In the aging process, decline of the nitrogen content of insulation paper is not serious. The oil-paper sample containing dicyandiamide has a far lower value of acidity than that of blank sample, besides the oil color is deeper. Dicyandiamide in the insulation paper improves not only the anti-aging and anti-breakdown properties, but also the performance of oil in the aging process.     

纵坑切梢小蠹伴生菌云南半帚孢毒素活性的生物检测

比较研究了不同生物检测材料及方法在纵坑切梢小蠹伴生菌——云南半帚孢毒素的生物活性检测上的适应性，结果表明该毒素不仅对云南松产生病害作用，对思茅松和华山松同样产生病害作用。用切根幼苗为材料对该毒素进行生测，所需时间虽较短，但幼苗所产生的症状较复杂，不易观察和确定；以松树及其木段为材料将该毒素进行接种试验，则在韧皮部位形成明显的反应区，与接菌产生的反应症状一样，容易确定，但木段上出现反应症状的时间较短，因此，以木段为材料，采用接种法进行该毒素活性检测较好。     

高光谱技术在农业遥感中的应用

高光谱技术是一个非常有利于农业行业发展的技术，该技术在农业遥感中有着非常重要的作用。虽然效果较好，但是在应用的过程中也仍然存在着一些的问题。首先对高光谱技术在农业遥感中的应用进行了分析，其次阐述了高光谱技术在农业遥感应用中存在的问题，最后提出了一些有效的解决措施，旨在提升高光谱技术的应用质量，促进农业遥感的发展。      

Substitution of chemical fertilizer by Chinese milk vetch improves the sustainability of yield and accumulation of soil organic carbon in a double-rice cropping system

The double-rice cropping system is a very important intensive cropping system for food security in China. There have been few studies of the sustainability of yield and accumulation of soil organic carbon(SOC) in the double-rice cropping system following a partial substitution of chemical fertilizer by Chinese milk vetch(Mv). We conducted a 10-year(2008–2017) field experiment in Nan County, South-Central China, to examine the double-rice productivity and SOC accumulation in a paddy soil in response to different fertilization levels and Mv application(22.5 Mg ha~(–1)). Fertilizer and Mv were applied both individually and in combination(sole chemical fertilizers, Mv plus 100, 80, 60, 40, and 0% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers, labeled as F100, MF100, MF80, MF60, MF40, and MF0, respectively). It was found that the grain yields of double-rice crop in treatments receiving Mv were reduced when the dose of chemical fertilizer was reduced, while the change in SOC stock displayed a double peak curve. The MF100 produced the highest double-rice yield and SOC stock, with the value higher by 13.5 and 26.8% than that in the F100. However, the grain yields increased in the MF80(by 8.4% compared to the F100), while the SOC stock only increased by 8.4%. Analogous to the change of grain yield, the sustainable yield index(SYI) of double rice were improved significantly in the MF100 and MF80 compared to the F100, while there was a slight increase in the MF60 and MF40. After a certain amount of Mv input(22.5 Mg ha~(–1)), the carbon sequestration rate was affected by the nutrient input due to the stimulation of microbial biomass. Compared with the MF0, the MF100 and MF40 resulted in a dramatically higher carbon sequestration rate(with the value higher by 71.6 and 70.1%),whereas the MF80 induced a lower carbon sequestration rate with the value lower by 70.1% compared to the MF0. Based on the above results we suggested that Mv could partially replace chemical fertilizers(e.g., 40–60%) to improve or maintain the productivity and sustainability of the double-rice cropping system in South-Central China.     

黄果厚壳桂人工林生长规律与林分更新特征分析

[目的]了解黄果厚壳桂人工林生长规律及林分更新特征,为其人工林栽培和生态公益林改造提供参考依据.[方法]采用树干解析法对36年生黄果厚壳桂人工林解析木胸径、树高及材积生长量进行测量,绘制生长曲线,分析其生长规律;采用样地调查法测量林下更新幼苗的密度、地径和苗高,并进行苗高分级,分析黄果厚壳桂人工林林分的更新特征.[结果]36年生黄果厚壳桂人工林胸径、树高和单株材积分别为18.82 cm、17.53 m和0.180 m3.胸径和树高在第0~6年生长缓慢,胸径生长快速期在第6~11年,生长量为0.73~0.92 cm/年;树高生长快速期在第7~19年,生长量为0.60~0.97 m/年;材积生长较缓慢,36年生材积平均生长量仅0.005 m3/年,最高连年生长量为0.012 m3/年.人工林林下更新幼苗丰富,苗木平均密度为25.25株/m2,其中以1~2龄苗木为主,占更新幼苗总数的82.43%,3龄及以上各龄级幼苗数量分别占更新幼苗总数的0.74%~3.50%.高度级在Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级(苗高20 cm以下)苗木占更新幼苗总数的81.20%,Ⅲ级及以上等级的幼苗数量占更新幼苗总数的0.74%~7.67%.苗龄3年以上或苗高20 cm以上苗木存活概率高.[结论]黄果厚壳桂人工林生长较缓慢,特别是材积生长慢及生长周期长,在一定程度上影响其作为常规用材林进行培育,但其人工林林下自然更新状况良好,林下苗木储备充足,可作为当前生态公益林营造和短周期轮伐树种生态公益改造的优良替代树种.     

感光型优质稻元优919在明溪种植表现及高产栽培技术

元优919是用元丰A与福恢919配制的优质三系感光杂交稻新品种,2015年通过福建省农作物品种审定。2015—2016年在明溪县盖洋镇试种,表现出米质优、产量高、适应性广、抗倒伏等特点。总结了元优919在明溪县盖洋镇作一季中稻种植表现及高产栽培技术。     

微流控芯片在农产品安全检测中的应用

近年来,随着食品工业的迅猛发展,国内外食品安全事故也频繁发生。开发安全可靠、便携有效的检测方法对食品安全至关重要。微流控芯片集样品前处理、分离和检测等过程为一体,实现了样品前处理和检测分析的自动化、集成化、小型化、低消耗、高效率和便携化,满足了现场、实时检测的需求。本研究对微流控芯片在食品成分、农药残留、兽药残留、食品添加剂和重金属检测中的应用进行归纳总结,为农产品安全检测提供参考。     

火龙果节律钟输出基因HpGI的克隆与表达分析

节律钟输出基因GIGANTEA通过光周期途径促进植物开花,为研究火龙果GIGANTEA同源基因功能,应用RT-PCR克隆获得该基因的开放阅读框序列,命名为Hylocereus polyrhizus GIGANTEA (HpGI),GenBank登录号为MK609546。序列分析结果表明,HpGI开放阅读框长度为3537 bp,编码1178个氨基酸。系统进化分析显示,HpGI与甜菜BvGI、菠菜SoGI、丝石竹GpGI的分子进化距离较近。预测HpGI定位于细胞核,无信号肽和跨膜螺旋结构域,属于非分泌蛋白。基因表达分析结果表明,HpGI基因在茎和花芽中的表达量显著高于茎芽、果皮和根;相比对照,延长光周期处理8 d时,其表达量显著上调。推测HpGI基因可能通过光周期途径促进火龙果开花。