氨固定对土壤微生物生物量氮矿化测定的影响

Two soils with relatively high(Soil 1)and low(Soil 2) ammonium fixation capacities were used in this study to examiune the effect of ammonium fixation on the determination of N mineralized from soil microbial biomass.Organism suspension was quantitatively introduced to Soil 1 at various rates.Both fumigation-incubation (FI) and fumigation-extraction (FE) methods were used to treat the soil.The amount of fixed NH4^ increased with increasing rate of organism-N addition.A close correlation was found between the amount of fixed ammonium and th rate of organism-m addition.The net increases of fixed NH4^ -N were equivalent to 38% and 12% of the added organism-N for FI and FE treatments,rspectively,in this specific soil.To provide isotopic evidence,^15N-labelled organism-N was added to Soils 1 and 2 at 121.4 mg N kg^-1.In FI treatment,22 and 3mg N kg^-1 of labelled N were found in the fraction of fixed NH4^ -N in Soile 1 and 2 respectively;while in FE treatment,9 mg N kg^-1 of labelled N was found in the fraction of fixed NH4^ -N in Soil 1 only.There was no labelled N in the fraction of fixed NH4^ -N in Soil 2.In all of the unfumigated (check) soils,there was little or no labelled N in the fixed fractions,probably because the organism-N added was easily mineralized and nitrified.A mean of 0.64 for KN value,the fraction of N mineralized in the killed microbial biomass,as obtained with inclusion of the net increase of fixed NH4^ -N,The corresponding value calculated with exclusion of the net increase of ficed NH4^ -N was 0.46 ,It was concluded that ammonium fixation was a problem in deterination of KN,particularly for soils with a high ammonium fixation capacity, Results also showed that microbial biomass N measurement by FFE method was less affected by ammonium process than that by FI method.     

长期施肥对石灰性潮土无机磷形态的影响

在河北省辛集市马兰农场的肥料长期定位试验点上 ,进行了石灰性土壤在无机磷耗竭和积累状况下 ,无机磷形态的转化及其在土壤剖面中的分步规律和施肥的影响。结果表明 ,在土壤磷处于耗竭的情况下 ,植物主要吸收利用了土壤的Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P和Ca2-P ,只有在极度缺磷的情况下 ,植物才利用土壤中的Ca10-P ,而O-P是土壤中极稳定的无机磷形态 ,植物一般不能利用。长期单施无机磷肥 ,土壤无机磷含量有所提高 ,积累的无机磷约 60%转化成Ca10-P和O-P。有机肥与化肥配合施用 ,积累的无机磷约有占积累无机磷的 2/3转化成Ca2-P和Ca8-P ,而且各形态无机磷的含量在土壤表层和下层均有所提高 ,一般随有机肥用量的增加 ,下层土壤无机磷的增加幅度也大 ,且影响的深度也较深。但在本试验条件下 ,施肥深度的影响不会超过50cm。     

基于主成分分析的不同棉花品种低温萌发关键期研究

为明确低温为害棉花种子萌发过程的关键期,以新陆中46号、新陆早57号、新陆早74号和新陆早82号为试验材料,25℃为对照温度,通过室内发芽试验,研究12℃低温处理下4个棉花品种在种子萌发过程中种子活力指标变化和胚根生长情况。结果表明,12℃低温处理能降低棉花种子活力和抑制胚根生长,不同品种间耐低温能力存在差异,新陆早57号低温耐受力最强。7个测定指标间均存在正相关关系,发芽指数与活力指数、胚根鲜重与胚根干重间相关性最大,发芽势与胚根长、发芽指数与胚根长间相关性最小。不同棉花品种各处理主成分综合得分排序为T 2相似文献   

菜园土壤高磷条件对油菜磷、锌含量的影响

采用盆钵试验研究了菜园土高磷条件下对油菜磷、锌颉颃作用的影响。结果表明,随着土壤有效磷含量的升高,油菜植株体内的含磷量也在不断升高,但上升的趋势逐渐减缓,其中,茎叶的含磷量始终大于根中的含磷量。而植株的含锌量则有很大的不同,随着土壤有效磷含量的增加,植株根中的含锌量也在不断的增加,直到趋于平稳,而茎叶中锌的含量随土壤有效磷含量的升高而增加到一定程度后表现出下降的变化趋势。这说明油菜的磷、锌颉颃作用是发生在植株体内的一种生理机制。     

四川省不同地域的核盘菌遗传多样性分析

 核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)属于世界性分布的植物病原真菌,可以危害油菜等多种经济作物。研究不同地域核盘菌的遗传多样性对了解核盘菌的遗传演化过程和指导病害防控具有重要意义。实验采用序列相关扩增多态性(sequence-related amplified polymorphism,SRAP)标记对四川省17个不同地理来源的66株核盘菌菌株的遗传多样性进行了分析。10对检测引物共获得129个位点,其中123个为多态位点,占95.35%。UPGMA聚类结果显示,在相似性系数为0.7时,66个核盘菌菌株分为5类(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ),分别包含60、2、2、1和1个菌株。在相似性系数为0.74时,第Ⅰ类又可分为3个亚类(Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2、Ⅰ-3),分别包含21、37和2个菌株。聚类及组成分分析结果显示,四川省各地区的核盘菌菌株具有较高的遗传多样性,但其遗传变异与菌株地理来源无明显相关性。     

茶叶及其儿茶素类对乳腺癌的抑制作用

茶叶对人体健康有众多益处是因为它富含儿茶素类化合物。茶叶中的儿茶素类化合物有10种以上,其中含量最高的是表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)。许多研究表明,以EGCG为代表的茶叶儿茶素类化合物对乳腺癌具有抑制作用,其作用包括:抑制致癌物诱导的活性氧自由基(ROS)升高及其引起的DNA损伤、降低细胞对肿瘤坏死因子的响应、阻碍雌激素与雌激素受体的结合、抑制DNA甲基化、保护线粒体免受氧化损伤、抑制肿瘤血管生成、减少癌细胞的转移和增殖、改善代谢综合征以减少抗癌药物副作用、与抗癌药物产生协同效应等。本文综述了该研究领域的进展,并讨论导致研究结果不一致的原因和未来的研究方向。     

Dynamics of Bt cotton Cry1Ac protein content under an alternating high temperature regime and effects on nitrogen metabolism

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of alternating high temperature on Cry1Ac protein content on Bt cotton cultivars Sikang 1(SK-1,a conventional cultivar)and Sikang 3(SK-3,a hybrid cultivar).In 2011 and 2012,cotton plants were subjected to high temperature treatments ranging from 32 to 40℃ in climate chambers to investigate the effects of high temperature on boll shell insecticidal protein expression.The experiments showed that significant decline of the boll shell insecticidal protein was detected at temperatures higher than 38℃ after 24 h.Based on the results,the cotton plants were treated with the threshold temperature of 38℃ from 6:00 a.m.to 6:00 p.m.followed by a normal temperature of 27℃ during the remaining night hours(DH/NN)in 2012 and 2013.These treatments were conducted at peak boll growth stage for both cultivars in study periods of 0,4,7,and 10 d.Temperature treatment of 32℃ from 6:00 a.m.to 6:00 p.m.and 27℃ in the remaining hours was set as control.The results showed that,compared with the control,after the DH/NN stress treatment applied for 7 d,the boll shell Cry1Ac protein content level was significantly decreased by 19.1 and 17.5% for SK-1 and by 15.3 and 13.7% for SK-3 in 2012 and 2013,respectively.Further analysis of nitrogen metabolic physiology under DH/NN showed that the soluble protein content and the glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)activities decreased slightly after 4 d,and then decreased sharply after 7 d.The free amino acid content and the protease content increased sharply after 7 d.The changes in SK-1 were greater than those in SK-3.These results suggest that under DH/NN stress,boll shell Cry1Ac protein content decline was delayed.Reduced protein synthesis and increased protein degradation in the boll shell decreased protein content,including Bt protein,which may reduce resistance to the cotton bollworm.     

苏打盐碱胁迫对羊草光合、蒸腾速率及水分利用效率的影响

采用温室土培试验法,研究了羊草叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率等对不同苏打盐碱胁迫的响应特征。结果表明,随着模拟光辐射的增强,羊草叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和蒸汽压亏缺等表现为升高,胞间CO₂浓度表现为降低,叶片水分利用效率则呈先升高后降低的趋势。同一光强下,随着土壤苏打盐碱胁迫程度的增大,羊草光合速率和蒸腾速率均有所下降,水分利用效率则有所升高。以光强1 500 μmol/(m²·s)为例,pH 9.78的盐碱胁迫处理的羊草光合速率和蒸腾速率分别比对照(pH 7.15)的处理降低了43.8%和51.3%。苏打盐碱胁迫下,羊草蒸腾速率的降低幅度大于光合速率降低幅度,保持了叶片较高的水分利用效率,可能是羊草适应苏打盐碱逆境的重要生理机制。     

遮光对青榨槭光合速率及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

研究了遮光15%、35%、50%和全光照处理对青榨槭新梢生长、叶片色素含量、净光合速率以及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明, 随着遮光度增加, 叶片色素含量增加, 叶绿素a /b减小; 叶片净光合速率( Pn) 、初始荧光( Fo) 、原初光能转化效率( Fv/Fm) 和光化学猝灭系数( qP) 增加, 但非光化学猝灭系数( qN) 降低。全光照和遮光15%处理条件下, Pn日变化呈双峰曲线, 而35%和50%处理条件下呈单峰曲线; 遮光35%和50%处理条件下Fv/Fm日变化幅度较小, 15%和全光照处理条件下Fv/Fm日变化呈先上升后下降再上升趋势。50%遮光处理青榨槭幼苗Pn最高, 新梢年生长量最大, 可在育苗生产中应用。     

野桑蚕Hippo通路核心基因的鉴定与序列比较分析

Hippo信号通路在动物生长发育过程中起到关键作用。根据已知的Hippo通路组成基因序列,利用BLAST软件同源鉴定野桑蚕(Bombyx mandarina)转录组中的Hippo通路组成基因序列,利用生物信息学工具(ORFinder、web CD-search tool、Expasy-protparam、EMBL-EBI、MEME)分析蛋白质相对分子质量、等电点、二级结构、保守结构域和保守基序等。利用Clustalx和MEGA 6.0进行同源序列比对并构建系统进化树。在野桑蚕中鉴定了salvador、warts、mats、yorkie和scalloped同源基因,并预测了ORF框和编码蛋白。结果表明,野桑蚕Warts、Sav和Mats与家蚕同源蛋白的一致性均在98%以上,Yki和Scalloped与家蚕一致性分别为89.02%和79.13%。比较两者差异,家蚕Yki、Sd蛋白分别缺失了近WW2结构域和在YAP结合结构域中存在蛋白片段插入,野桑蚕Sd蛋白缺失了核定位信号基序和脯氨酸富集基序之间的铰链区。Yki和Sd可按照物种科属分别聚类,野桑蚕与家蚕聚为一支,表明这些同源蛋白在功能相似的...