国内外骨干玉米自交系耐低温萌发能力综合评价

[目的]选用来自美国、德国、前南斯拉夫、加拿大和中国的玉米种质,研究耐低温萌发能力,筛选耐低温萌发能力强的种质,为耐低温种质改良和新品种选育提供材料基础和技术支撑.[方法]以74份玉米自交系为材料,运用田间直接鉴定法和室内鉴定法,调查测定标准发芽率(SGR)、冷浸发芽率(CIGR)、田间常温出苗势(NFEP)、田间常温...     

盐胁迫下诱抗剂对水稻P450基因差异表达的分析

以盐胁迫为对照,诱抗剂处理水稻R6幼苗根系后,采用Oligo芯片技术筛选和分析了P450基因的差异表达;进一步以H2O和盐胁迫为对照,诱抗剂处理水稻R6幼苗根系后,利用半定量RT-PCR检测P450基因的差异表达,结果表明,P450基因OsHI-1在盐胁迫下特异表达,在诱抗剂HI的作用下增强表达。     

海带孢子囊发育过程中的形态结构与生理生化变化研究

本研究以海带(Saccharina japonica)杂交品系“玉带1号”为研究对象,根据孢子囊形成过程中的外观形态,将孢子囊形成与发育过程分为5个阶段,系统观察了孢子囊形成过程中的外观形态和组织结构变化,研究了孢子囊发育不同阶段生理生化特征的变化规律。结果显示,在孢子囊发育过程中,孢子体表面依次出现光滑、磨砂、突起、破皮和光滑等表观现象,伴随着表皮细胞的突起、隔丝的伸长、孢子母细胞的分化与发育,以及游孢子的形成和释放等组织变化过程;另外,在孢子囊发育过程中,海带孢子体对氮的积累持续增加,蛋白含量呈先显著增加到释放游孢子阶段又有所降低的趋势;过氧化氢(H2O2)和超氧阴离子含量的变化趋势相似,在孢子囊形成初期,其含量呈先上升到后期又有所下降;不同抗氧化酶在孢子囊形成过程中的活性变化存在差异,其中,超氧化物歧化酶(MDA)活性总体呈下降趋势,而抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势,丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著变化;在孢子囊发育过程中,1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶活性呈先降低后升高的趋势,苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)活性无显著变化。本研究有助于加深对海带杂交品种孢子囊形成过程及生理生化特征的理解,可为海带杂交品种孢子囊的人工诱导提供理论依据。     

NaCl胁迫对3种榆树幼苗生理特性的影响

为给盐碱地区引种栽培提供理论依据,以木栓榆(Ulmus thomasiiSarg.)、厚叶榆(U.crassifolia)和白榆(U.pumila)的1年生盆栽苗为研究对象,测定其在不同浓度NaCl胁迫下的叶片相对电导率(RC)、叶绿素(Chl)、丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖(SS)含量等项指标,结果表明:随着NaCl浓度增加和胁迫时间的延长,各种幼苗的Pro含量均逐渐增加,初期上升不明显,中后期增加显著,但木栓榆和厚叶榆Pro增幅比白榆小;白榆叶片RC上升最大,木栓榆最小;白榆的MDA增加最明显,厚叶榆也很明显,但增幅不大,木栓榆MDA增幅最小,膜系统最稳定。3种榆树幼苗初、中期的SS含量均迅速增加,后期均先升后降,再回落到各自的最低点;3种幼苗Chla/Chlb值呈上升趋势,白榆Chl总量下降明显,木栓榆和厚叶榆降幅不很明显。综合各项指标,木栓榆、厚叶榆抗盐能力较强,白榆抗盐能力较弱,属中等耐盐树种。     

大体积混凝土施工中的温度监测及裂缝控制

结合中联水泥集团南阳分公司水泥熟料生产线二期工程大体积混凝土的施工,提出在施工中防止大体积混凝土因水泥水化热引起的温度差而产生温度应力裂缝的措施。通过严格控制混凝土温度,降低内外温差,预防收缩缝,减少坍落度损失,延缓凝结时间等,保证大体积混凝土顺利施工。     

常用聚合物(SBS)改性沥青稳定剂添加量的确定

本研究通过大量的试验阐明改性沥青制作设备加工核心均是如何将SBS充分的研磨、分散于基质沥青中,使之形成稳定的3维网状结构。但由于设备与工艺的不同会导致加工性能有所差异,所以投料的配比也是会有明显差距,据此根据现有的工艺情况及工程的重要性通过试验来确定物料最佳添加量。提出利用"离析试验"163℃、48h前后的软化点差值确定稳定剂添加量的观点。     

Partial organic substitution weakens the negative effect of chemical fertilizer on soil micro-food webs

Soil biotic communities play vital roles in enhancing soil nutrient cycling and soil fertility. Long-term excessive nitrogen(N) application is disadvantageous to the stability of soil food webs and affects arable soil health and sustainable utilization. Proper organic substitution is essential to improve soil health and alleviate the disadvantages of excessive chemical fertilization. However, the biological effects of various organic amendments on soil micro-food webs are poorly understood. In o...     

C-type natriuretic peptide stimulates chicken myoblast differentiation through NPRB/NPRC receptors and metabolism pathway

Skeletal muscle development is closely related with the amount of meat production and its quality in chickens. Natriuretic peptides(NPs) play an important role in myotube formation and fat oxidation of skeletal muscle in animals. The effect of C-type natriuretic peptide(CNP), an important member of the NPs, and its underlying molecular mechanisms in skeletal muscle are incompletely understood. Treatment of myoblasts with CNP led to enhanced proliferation/differentiation and significantly upregul...     

Effects of grape seed extract on meat color and premature browning of meat patties in high-oxygen packaging

This study investigated the effects of grape seed extract(GSE) on fresh and cooked meat color and premature browning(PMB) in ground meat patties(85% beef and 15% pork back fat) packaged under high-oxygen modified atmospheres(HiOx-MAP). The GSE was added to patties at concentrations of 0, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 g kg^–1. This study evaluated the surface color, pH, lipid oxidation, and total viable counts(TVC) of raw patties, and the internal color and pH of patties cooked to a tempera...     

Phenotype and mechanism analysis of plant dwarfing in pear regulated by abscisic acid

Close planting of dwarf varieties is currently the main cultivation direction for pear trees,and the screening of excellent dwarf varieties is an important goal for breeders.In this study,the dwarfing pear variety ’601D’ and its vigorous mutant ’601T’ were used to show their biological characteristics and further explore the dwarfing mechanism in ’601D’.The biological characteristics showed that ’601D’ had a shorter internode length,a shorter and more compact tree body,thicker and broader leaves...