青海湖裸鲤TOB1和TOB2基因的克隆与表达分析

【目的】对青海湖裸鲤TOB1和TOB2基因进行克隆及表达分析,为揭示其在青海湖裸鲤生长和生理过程中的作用奠定基础。【方法】采用PCR和RACE技术克隆青海湖裸鲤中TOB1和TOB2基因的cDNA全长序列,对其特性进行了生物信息学分析。以β-actin为内参基因,采用实时荧光定量PCR法(qRT-PCR)检测TOB1和TOB2基因在3龄成鱼肾脏、肠、鳃、脑、心脏、肌肉等组织及发育12,72,120,168,216 h胚胎中的表达水平。【结果】青海湖裸鲤TOB1 cDNA全长为1 734 bp,5′非编码区为466 bp,3′非编码区为296 bp,开放阅读框长972 bp,编码323个氨基酸。TOB2 cDNA全长为2 785 bp,5′非编码区为51 bp,3′非编码区为1 582 bp,开放阅读框为1 152 bp,编码383个氨基酸。TOB1和TOB2在N端均具有明显的BTG家族结构域,且系统进化分析显示2个TOB蛋白与鲤科鱼类同源性较高,亲缘较近。qRT-PCR结果表明,TOB1和TOB2在3龄成鱼的肾脏、肠、鳃、脑、心脏、肌肉等组织中均有表达;TOB1在3龄成鱼的心脏组织中表达量最高,其次为脑和肌肉组织,在鳃组织中的表达量最低;TOB2在3龄成鱼的脑组织中表达量最高,其次为肌肉。TOB1及TOB2在不同发育时期胚胎中均有表达,且都在12 h胚胎中表达量最高。【结论】TOB1及TOB2在3龄成鱼各个组织及胚胎中均有表达,但表达量有较大差异,表明2个基因均具有时空表达特异性。     

干旱胁迫对地梢瓜琥珀酸合成代谢的影响

【目的】研究干旱胁迫对地梢瓜琥珀酸合成代谢的影响,为其琥珀酸开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】以地梢瓜和雀瓢幼苗为试材,设对照(土壤含水量为田间最大持水量(24.44%)的65%～70%,下同)、轻度(45%～50%)、中度(25%～30%)和重度(5%～10%)4个干旱胁迫处理,测定不同处理根、茎、叶中琥珀酸含量和琥珀酸合成酶活性,比较不同处理各指标的变化,分析琥珀酸与其合成酶的关联性。【结果】(1)琥珀酸在地梢瓜和雀瓢的根、茎、叶中均有分布,地梢瓜不同器官中的琥珀酸含量表现为叶根茎,而雀瓢则表现为叶茎根。(2)随着干旱程度的加重,地梢瓜和雀瓢叶、根中的琥珀酸含量先增加后减少,以中度干旱胁迫处理下最大。(3)地梢瓜和雀瓢叶中α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶(α-KGDH)、琥珀硫激酶(STK)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SD)、谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)活性和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量均在重度干旱胁迫处理下最大。(4)相关性分析表明,地梢瓜和雀瓢叶中琥珀酸含量与GABA和SD活性呈负相关。【结论】适度干旱胁迫能够促进地梢瓜和雀瓢琥珀酸的积累。轻度和中度干旱胁迫下,琥珀酸合成以三羧酸循环途径(TCA)为主,重度干旱胁迫下以γ-氨基丁酸代谢支路(GABA shunt)为主。     

Ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. modulates pseudorabies virus-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells via the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection leads to severe inflammatory responses and tissue damage, and many natural herbs exhibit protective effects against viral infection by modulating the inflammatory response. An ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. (FEA) was prepared through ethanol extraction and ethyl acetate fractional extraction. An inflammatory model was established in RAW264.7 cells with PRV infection to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of FEA by measuring cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Its functional mechanism was investigated by analyzing the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of key proteins in the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that PRV induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells, and the responses were similar to that in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. FEA significantly suppressed NO synthesis and down-regulated both expression and secretion of COX-2, iNOS, and inflammatory cytokines (P<0.05 or P<0.01). FEA also reduced NF-κB p65 translocation into the nucleus and decreased MAPK phosphorylation, indicating that the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway may be closely related to the inflammatory response during viral infection. The findings suggested the potential pharmaceutical application of FEA as a natural product that can treat viral infections due to its ability to mitigate inflammatory responses.     

罹患口腔炎乌苏里蝮的相关生理学指标分析

口腔炎是人工养殖蛇类的常见病之一,为了深入了解和尽早做好预防工作,对罹患口腔炎的成年雄蛇乌苏里蝮(Gloydius ussuriensis)进行解剖观察,并检测了相关器官的系数、血液学指标和激素等。结果表明:整体肥满度、躯体肥满度、肾系数等数值罹患口腔炎蛇略高于健康蛇;而肝系数、精巢系数和脂肪体系数等罹患口腔炎的蛇低于健康雄蛇,且前两者呈显著性差异,后者呈极显著性差异。性激素检测结果显示罹患口腔炎的蛇血液睾酮和雌二醇含量均低于健康蛇,且均具极显著性差异。血细胞指标中,红细胞数量、红细胞分布均差、白细胞总数、淋巴细胞数量和淋巴细胞比率等均为罹患口腔炎的蛇高于健康雄蛇,且具显著性差异,但嗜中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞的比值(NLR)、中性粒细胞数量和比率、中间细胞数量及其比率均为患口腔炎的雄蛇低于健康蛇,且具显著性差异。结论:口腔炎不仅影响了主要代谢器官的器官系数的变化,而且血液多项指标和性激素水平也有明显差异。性激素含量的变化将对乌苏里蝮的正常生殖繁育产生不可忽视的影响。另外,NLR和红细胞分布宽度2个血常规指标可作为早期诊断炎症发生的首选参数。     

馥郁滇丁香新品种'香波'的选育

'香波'是从馥郁滇丁香(Luculia gratissima (Wall.) Sweet.)野生种实生群体中选择出的特异单株,经无性繁殖培育而成的无性系新品种.多年生常绿灌木,株高可达2～3 m;叶片纸质,椭圆形,长(16.68±1.35)cm,宽(7.76±0.78)cm,叶背面被秕糠状毛;盛花期花萼形态合抱;花裂片腹面浅紫粉色,花裂片卵圆形,边缘具波折;花冠裂片间无附属物,长花柱,观赏性强.     

中国古老月季品种远缘及品种间杂交亲和性评价

以5份中国古老月季品种、3份野生蔷薇和22份现代月季品种为试材,采用常规人工授粉杂交方法,同时结合花粉活力及倍性测定情况,研究了古老月季远缘和品种间的杂交亲和性,筛选出了高亲和性的杂交亲本,以期为中国古老月季的杂交育种、亲本选择提供参考依据.结果 表明:古老月季品种间杂交亲和性最高,所配组合的杂交成功率达87.50％,古老月季与野生蔷薇、现代月季的远缘杂交亲和性也较高,所配组合的杂交成功率均高于50％,说明古老月季远缘和品种间的杂交亲和性均较好,因此,在杂交工作中,选用古老月季作为亲本材料有较好的杂交亲和效果;古老月季杂交亲和性与花粉活力、亲本倍性,正反交等因素相关,选择月季亲本时要综合考虑各因素,以提高月季杂交的成功率;结合远缘杂交、品种间杂交以及人工授粉结实情况,筛选出适合做母本的古老月季品种为"大花香水""小花香水""月月红",适合做父本的月季品种为"金樱子""可爱的绿".     

Effects of remifentanil on monophasic action potential and transmural dispersion of repolarization in rabbit myocardium

AIM: To study the effect of remifentanil on monophasic action potential and transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) in the 3-layer myocardium of isolated rabbit hearts. METHODS: Adult rabbits (n=18, 2.0 ~ 2.5 kg) were used to isolate the hearts for preparing Langendorff perfusion model. The hearts were randomly divided into 3 groups after perfusion with K-H solution for 15 min: the perfusion in control group (C group) continued for 60 min; the hearts in remifentanil group (R group) were perfused with 12 μg/L remifentanil K-H solution for 60 min; the hearts in remifentanil+aminophylline group (RA group) were given 60-min perfusion of 12 μg/L K-H remifentanil+30 mg/L aminophylline. The HR and 3 layers of myocardial monophasic action potential (MAP) in the left ventricular anterior wall were recorded at time points after balanced infusion for 15 min (T₀), and continued perfusion for 15 min (T₁), 30 min (T₂) and 60 min (T₃). The monophasic action potential duration of repolarization at 90% (MAPD₉₀) and the transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) were calculated. The early afterdepolarization, delay afterdepolarization and arrhythmia were also observed. RESULTS: In R group, slower HR and prolonger MAPD₉₀ and TDR at T₁~T₃ were observed as compared with those at T₀ (P<0.05). R group showed slower HR and longer MAPD₉₀ and TDR than C group and RA group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Remifentanil slows the HR, extends the MAPD₉₀ and increases the TDR, thus being prone to induce reentry. Aminophylline makes HR faster and MAPD₉₀ shorter, thereby reducing the TDR.     

生长调节物质对小豆豆芽营养成分影响和功能性评价

为筛选最适合芽菜培养的小豆品种,以‘白红8号’为试材,设置3种生长调节物质(乙酰水杨酸、乙烯利和6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-BA))的各6个浓度(0.0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5 mmol/L;0、20、30、40、50、60 mg/L和0、2、3、4、5、6 mg/L)喷施处理,测定其生物特性(上胚轴长度、上胚轴直径、萌发率、鲜重、干重和产出比)、营养成分(可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖)及抗氧化等特性。结果表明:3种生长调节物质喷施处理都能够提升其营养价值,在乙烯利喷施浓度为50 mg/L,‘白红8号’小豆芽苗菜中各营养成分、酶活性及抗氧化性等均可达到最大值,显著提高了其营养价值。因此,为提高生产中小豆芽苗菜的产量和营养价值,最终确定乙烯利喷施浓度为50 mg/L效果最佳。     

风毛菊属植物胁迫效应研究进展

通过查阅国内外文献进行归纳、分析,风毛菊属植物中已知的胁迫效应研究主要集中于盐胁迫和紫外胁迫。笔者等对盐胁迫和紫外胁迫对风毛菊属植物生长、代谢及光合作用等方面的影响进行综述,以期为该属植物的进一步深入研究和开发利用提供科学依据。