海河平原区棉花饲用黑麦复种方式及水肥利用效率分析

2011年10月-2014年10月连续3年在河北省任县安排了定位试验,通过饲用黑麦不同播期与棉花构建几种棉草复种茬口搭配方式,从产量、经济效益、水分利用效率和养分利用效率以及对土壤肥力影响等方面综合分析棉花饲用黑麦复种的可行性及复种方式。结果表明,棉花可与饲用黑麦复种,为降低饲用黑麦对棉花的影响,饲用黑麦可适当推迟到10月20日播种,次年4月底收获,效益可提高5470.1元·hm^-2。棉花饲用黑麦复种与棉花单作相比,平均水分利用率提高16.49%;水分经济利用效率提高56.54%;并且土壤有机质平均增长幅度提高5.71%,土壤含盐量平均降低幅度达到23.72%,土壤改良效果明显;是适用于该区域的高效复种模式。     

水氮供应对地下滴灌紫花苜蓿生长特征及草地小气候的影响

为探讨不同水氮处理条件下紫花苜蓿生长状况与草地小气候特征的关系,以2年生紫花苜蓿“巨能7号”为研究对象,采用田间试验和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了宁夏引黄灌区地下滴灌条件下不同滴灌量和施氮量处理下紫花苜蓿生长特征和草地小气候的变化。结果表明:1)滴灌量和施氮量对紫花苜蓿的株高、叶面积和鲜草产量都有显著的影响,表现为紫花苜蓿的株高、叶面积和鲜草产量均随滴灌量和施氮量的增加而增加,当施氮量增加到一定值时,继续增施氮肥,其鲜草产量增产效果在不同滴灌量处理下表现出不同的趋势。2)与不施氮处理相比,增施氮肥降低了紫花苜蓿株间空气温度、浅层土层温度和株间光照强度,而增加了群体内部空气相对湿度。3)不同滴灌量对紫花苜蓿的生长微环境的调节作用不同,随着滴灌量的增加,紫花苜蓿群体相对湿度逐渐提高,而紫花苜蓿株间气温和浅层土层温度降温效应越明显。4)紫花苜蓿生育期间株高与叶面积、草产量和群体内部相对湿度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与群体内光照强度、株间气温、浅层土壤温度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。合理减少滴灌量和施氮量不仅能维持紫花苜蓿良好的生长特征,而且能提高鲜草产量和改善草地生态环境条件。本研究旨在为紫花苜蓿群体微环境生态因子的改善及高产优质栽培措施提供科学依据。     

家蚕胚胎滞育的生理生化研究概述

在蛹期由咽下神经节合成和分泌的大量滞育激素(dH)作用于卵巢,引起系列生理生化变化,主要包括H2O2水平降低、山梨醇积累、葡萄糖减少、呼吸耗氧量下降等,最终导致家蚕胚胎进入滞育。本文综述了家蚕胚胎滞育的生理生化研究概况,以期为家蚕胚胎滞育机理研究提供借鉴和参考。     

Investigation of Clinical Medicine for Treating Cows Endometritis in Baotou Area

In 4 dairy farms located in Baotou area, clinical medicine investigation and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria were conducted, and then curative effects of different treatment methods were analyzed.Epidemic materials were collected from diary cows infected by endometritis, from which pathogenic bacteria were isolated using conventional microbiology technologies.Broth microdilution method was used to detect the sensitivity and resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics commonly used in clinic.On this basis, the sensitive drugs were used to treat mastitis or endometritis, the clinical curative effect of traditional treatment group was compared with that of therapeutic test group.The result of traditional treatment group showed 13 antibiotics were used to treat 160 cases of endometritis, florfenicol was most effective, penicillin was most ineffective.The results of therapeutic test group showed that Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus were the main pathogenic bacteria of endometritis, which were sensitive to gentamicin and cefalotin, etc.The results of statistical analysis showed that the curative effect of therapeutic test group was extremely significantly different from that of traditional treatment group(P<0.01).Sensitive drugs screened by drug sensitive test could be used to target therapy, and obtain satisfied curative effect.Moreover, this approach could avoid antibiotic abuse.     

Research Progress on Bacterial Resistance in Environment

Antibiotic resistance genes have become a recognized environmental pollutant, threatening the ecological safety and human health. The application of antibiotics in the clinical and animals breeding, making the environmental microorganisms living with the impact of the residue of antibiotics and elements of resistance genetic and leading to antibiotic resistant bacteria to gain a competitive advantage and destroyed the stability of ecosystem. In this paper, we expounded the concept of resistance gene transmission by the view of macro environment. Through analyzing the mechanism of resistance development,environmental pollution caused by drug resistance and the impact of environmental microorganism for drug resistance, we clarified the key role of the environment in the development of the characteristics of bacterial resistance and analysis environmental resistance.Such as the ecological diversity of flora, the types and the spread of resistant bacteria, the residues of antibiotics and the transmission of the resistance genes.     

北京市屋顶绿化滞尘及不同材质热辐射效应测定

为探讨屋顶绿化的滞尘效应和不同材质的热辐射效应,试验进行了屋顶滞尘试验研究。滞尘测试结果表明:花园式屋顶绿化滞尘量平均为25.1349g/m2,比简单式屋顶绿化滞尘率高约10个百分点。热辐射对比测定得出:裸露屋顶热像值明显高于绿化屋顶,屋顶绿化是缓解城市热岛效应的关键手段。屋顶单一植物绿化,其热像值高于多种植物复层结构群落式绿化;佛甲草等景天属植物的热像值高于草坪地被植物,草坪地被植物的热像值高于乔灌木;植物花体部分的热像值高于叶体部分;枯死植物热像值明显高于活体植物;呼吸蒸腾作用弱的植物热像值高于呼吸蒸腾作用旺盛的植物。     

广州石门国家森林公园野生观赏植物资源调查

通过野外调查和查阅文献资料,得出石门国家森林公园共有野生观赏植物122科267属377种,其中蕨类植物19科23属28种,裸子植物4科5属7种,被子植物99科239属342种。分析了石门国家森林公园野生观赏植物资源的基本特征和用途,并探讨其保护和开发利用。     

‘紫罗兰’白菜叶片再生体系的建立

以‘紫罗兰’白菜无菌苗叶片为外植体,研究了不同6-BA和NAA浓度组合对白菜真叶不定芽再生的影响,同时采用不同生根培养基对再生芽进行生根诱导。结果表明:诱导‘紫罗兰’白菜真叶分化的适宜培养基为MS+2mg/L 6-BA+1mg/L NAA+4mg/L AgNO3,每个外植体平均再生芽数为1.42个;生根培养基以MS+0.5mg/L NAA最佳,平均每个不定芽诱导根数为16.54个。该试验结果为‘紫罗兰’白菜材料的快速繁殖提供了理论和技术参考。     

油用牡丹丹皮液对青椒丙二醛含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响

以青椒为试材,采用超声波、水煮、蒸馏3种方法提取的油用牡丹丹皮液来处理贮藏期青椒,对青椒丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性进行研究。结果表明:与对照相比,丹皮液处理提高了抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT的活性,减少了MDA的积累。说明丹皮液处理通过调节抗氧化酶体系活性调节活性氧代谢,能减轻青椒膜脂过氧化伤害,利于青椒储藏。     

论我国行政文化的传统特征与现代重构

以“官本位”、“人治”、集权和封闭性与排他性为特征的我国传统行政文化正受到严峻挑战。服务行政、法治化行政、参与式行政和整合行政将是我国行政文化现代重构的价值选择，从而更好推动我国社会经济的发展。