Effects of astragaloside on the levels of sex hormone and oxidative stress injury in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome

AIM To investigate the effects of astragaloside on the levels of sex hormone and oxidative stress in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）. METHODS Female SD rats （n=60） were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, Diane-35 （0.339 2 mg/kg） group, low dose astragaloside （12.5 mg/kg） group and high dose astragaloside （50 mg/kg） group, with 12 rats in each group. The PCOS model was induced by letrozole （1 mg/kg）, which was administered by gavage once a day for 3 weeks. After administration, the estrus cycle of the rats was observed by vaginal smear, and the ovarian index was calculated. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the ovaries. Serum levels of the sex hormones testosterone （T）, estradiol （E₂）, luteinizing hormone （LH） and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） were measured by ELISA. The levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in serum and ovarian tissue were detected by colorimetry, and the protein levels of steroidogenetic acute regulatory protein （StAR） and apoptosis-related proteins cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 in ovarian tissue were detected by Western blot. RESULT Compared with control group, the oestrous cycle of the rats in model group was disorder, and the ovarian index was increased, ovary was polycystic. The serum levels of T, LH and MDAwere significantly increased （P<0.05）, while the contents of E2, FSH and the activities of GSH-Px and SOD were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The levels of MDA, StAR, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax proteins in ovarian tissue were significantly up-regulated （P<0.05）. GSH-Px and SOD activities and Bcl-2 protein levels were significantly down-regulated （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Astragalosideeffectively balances the levels of sex hormone in PCOS rats and relieves the oxidative stress injury, the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of StAR expression.     

Avermectins,a novel class of compounds: implications for use in arthropod pest control

对阿维菌素B_2a进行结构优化,在阿维菌素B_2a的C4\     

镉硫交互对东南景天抗氧化酶活性的影响

通过营养液培养试验研究不同硫镉水平对超积累东南景天抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,在增施镉水平下东南景天叶片的MDA含量随着硫水平增加显著降低,Cd0水平下S2处理显著降低MDA含量达12.4%。相反,东南景天叶片的MDA含量随着镉水平的提高显著增加18.4%～137.7%。镉硫交互对超积累东南景天叶片抗氧化酶活性有显著影响。超积累东南景天叶片SOD活性随着硫、镉水平的增加而增加,以S3〉S2〉S1,Cd100〉Cd10〉Cd0。增施硫显著提高Cd10和Cd100水平下东南景天叶片POD活性。在S1,S2水平下,增加Cd水平东南景天叶片POD活性显著增加,POD活性以Cd10〉Cd100〉Cd0。超积累东南景天叶片CAT活性随着硫水平增加而增加8.9%～21.3%,CAT活性随着Cd水平的增加而显著增加,增幅以S1和S2水平下较大。随着S,Cd水平的增加东南景天叶片的APX活性显著增加。镉硫交互对4种抗氧化酶的效应以APX〉CAT〉POD〉SOD。     

冀北山地华北落叶松林生态系统水化学特征

降水是森林生态系统的一个主要的养分输入源,观测并分析降水化学对于准确地估算森林生态系统养分循环的养分元素浓度显得极为重要。对冀北山地华北落叶松林穿透雨、树干茎流和枯透水中的Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Zn共6种养分元素进行了测定。结果表明：（1）大气降水经过林冠层后其水化学特征明显发生了变化,化学元素含量均有不同程度增加,含量排序为Ca〉K〉Mg〉Fe〉Mn〉Zn,其中Mn元素的增长倍数最多,但6月份Mn和Zn元素浓度都出现负增长。树干茎流各项指标均增长很多,化学元素含量排序为Ca〉K〉Mg〉Mn〉Fe〉Zn。枯落物水中K和Ca元素浓度增加最大。（2）大气降雨中Zn的变异系数最大,达2.853;K和Ca元素的变异系数最小,为0.158,0.163。落叶松林穿透雨、树干茎流和枯透水中最大变异系数分别为Fe元素3.115,Mg元素为1.288,Fe元素为2.139。（3）经过淋洗后水样中各元素的浓度均有所增加,穿透水、树干茎流和枯透水中K、Ca增加较多,Fe、Zn的淋溶量较少。     

黄河流域传统果园发展现状及旅游发展潜力分析

全国重要农业文化遗产系统构成了令人叹为观止的优美人文景观,展现着传统农业生态多样性、生态系统适应性和珍贵的文化遗产。这些世代相传的农业系统构成了当代和未来农业创新和技术的基石。已公布的37个传统果园类全国重要农业文化遗产地,有14个沿黄河流域分布,是我国果业重要的发源地。拟以黄河流域的传统果园为研究对象,系统梳理其发展历史、现状及传统果园农耕系统,同时重点分析黄河流域主要果品的区位发展优劣势,最后结合传统果园的人文价值和区域经济发展因素等,综合探索传统果园的传承和利用途径,为我国果业发展提供传统农业系统和技术创新基础,也为传统果园的保护和传承发展以及农业管理部门挖掘和健全果园文化遗产保护机制提供参考。     

Proliferation-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects of cinnamic acid combined with cisplatin on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line MHCC97

AIM：To investigate the effects of cinnamic acid (CA) combined with cisplatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line MHCC97. METHODS：Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line MHCC97 was culured and divided into CA group, cisplatin group, CA+cisplatin group and control group. MTT assay, inverted microscopy, annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry were applied to identify the viability, morphology and apoptosis of the cells. The apoptosis-related signaling protein caspase-3 was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS：CA and cisplatin either alone or in combination significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced obvious apoptosis of MHCC97 cells, while CA alone or combined with cisplatin had no significant inhibitory effect on normal human liver L-02 cells. The rates of mid-and late apoptosis or necrosis were higher in cisplatin group than that in CA group or combination group, but the early apoptotic rate was just the opposite. Pro-apoptotic activity in combination group was much stronger than that in CA group or cisplatin group at lower concentration, and combination group promoted apoptosis and decreased the cytotoxic side effects of cisplatin. CA and cisplatin either alone or in combination also up-regulated the cleaved caspase-3 expression in a time-dependent manner, and the effects in CA group and combination group were higher than that in cisplatin group. CONCLUSION：CA and cisplatin either alone or in combination inhibit the growth of MHCC97 cells by inducing apoptosis, and the activation of caspase-3 may play important roles in these processes.     

陕西富硒与非富硒地区山羊组织硒含量和GPX-7基因表达的比较

为了探讨陕西紫阳县(富硒地区)山羊各组织中微量元素硒的含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化酶7(Glutathione Peroxidase 7,GPX-7)基因的表达情况,以及组织中的硒沉积量对GPX-7基因表达的影响。利用原子荧光光谱法对年龄相仿、体质量相近的紫阳县双安镇(n=7)和广成镇(n=7)和宝鸡市陈仓区白山羊体内硒含量进行了测定;同时运用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)相对定量技术测定GPX-7基因mRNA的相对表达量。紫阳双安镇山羊硒含量显著高于紫阳广成镇(P0.05),同时紫阳县均显著高于宝鸡陈仓区(P0.05);但是紫阳双安镇与紫阳广成镇山羊肺脏中硒含量差异不显著(P0.05)。GPX-7基因在各组织器官中广泛表达,但是不同地区的山羊表现出不同的组织差异性。紫阳双安镇山羊心脏、脾脏、肾周脂肪和背最长肌组织中mRNA水平与紫阳广成镇差异不显著(P0.05),但是紫阳地区均显著高于宝鸡陈仓区(P0.05)。在肺脏、肾脏、股二头肌和淋巴组织中,来自不同地区的山羊GPX-7基因mRNA的表达量地差异均两两显著(P0.05),其中紫阳广成镇山羊肺脏的表达量显著高于其他两个地区(P0.05)。由此可见,山羊各组织器官中微量元素硒的沉积量和GPX-7基因mRNA的表达量表现出较为一致的地域趋势,即紫阳双安镇紫阳广成镇宝鸡陈仓区,这表明微量元素硒上调GPX-7基因的表达,但是具有组织差异性。     

京、津、冀区域扬沙天气气候变化特征分析

利用京、津、冀区域内所辖 6 5个气象观测站 1 95 4 - 2 0 0 2年的观测资料 ,分析了扬沙天气的气候变化特征。结果表明 :京、津、冀区域绝大部分地区是扬沙天气的主要影响区。高原、平原和丘陵地区是扬沙天气的多发区和易发区 ,宁晋、邢台一带是扬沙天气的高频区。扬沙的发生时间具有明显的季节变化特征 ;此区域内的扬沙呈现整体减少趋势 ,各分区域的变化趋势具有相似性 ,只是在减少幅度和年代际减少趋势上略有不同     

蓟马采集和玻片标本的制作

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t丰富中国呆蓟马属团蓟马种类,为呆蓟马属团的鉴定提供参考信息。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t标本采集采用拍盘法,标本保存在75%的酒精中,带回室内进行玻片标本制作,在生物显微镜下进行鉴定。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t记述了蓟马亚科呆蓟马属团一中国新纪录属塔姆蓟马属(Tameothrips)及1新纪录种芦竹塔姆蓟马(T. arundo),详细描述了该种的形态鉴定特征,编制了中国已知呆蓟马属团属种名录及分属检索表。玻片标本保存于云南农业大学植物保护学院昆虫系。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\t塔姆蓟马属(Tameothrips)为中国新纪录属,中国目前已记录呆蓟马属团9属21种。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t     

调亏灌溉和氮处理对小桐子生长及水分利用的影响

为了研究阶段水分亏缺(亏水+不亏水W_LW_H、不亏水+亏水W_HW_L、亏水+亏水W_LW_L、不亏水+不亏水W_HW_H)和不同施氮量(N_Z:0,N_L:0.2 g/kg,N_H:0.4 g/kg)对小桐子生长、生理指标和灌溉水利用效率的影响,通过盆栽试验,发现W_LW_H的生长和灌溉水利用效率均显著高于W_HW_L;作物的灌溉水利用效率随施氮量的增大而呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在N_L水平下达到最大值;与高水高氮的处理N_HW_HW_H相比,中水低氮处理N_LW_LW_H节约灌溉水27%,节约氮肥使用量50%,小桐子株高减少31%、总干物质量减少35%,灌溉水利用效率减少13%,但茎粗增加13%,根冠比增加20%.可见小桐子在第一阶段处理(40~90 d)幼树期对水分的需求量较小,适度的亏缺灌溉可提高灌溉水利用效率;小桐子在第二阶段处理(90~140 d)处于旺长期,对水分的需求量较大,增大灌水量可大幅度促进小桐子生长及其干物质量的积累.全生育期实施亏缺灌溉,可提高小桐子自身适应外界环境能力,抗干旱胁迫能力也逐渐增强,但W_LW_L水平下的小桐子生长缓慢.经综合分析,认为处理N_LW_LW_H可作为干旱地区条件下的小桐子灌溉和施氮制度.