零通量面法用于农田蒸发蒸腾量的研究

应用土壤水分零通量面的原理方法,对北京房山节水灌溉区进行了研究。通过土壤水势监测分析,显示了灌区在研究时段内零通量面的性质及其出现的空间位置。用数值方法处理了零通量面随时间变化的情况,计算了监测时段的蒸发蒸腾量,并与大田水量平衡模型法、作物系数-参考作物需水量法进行了比较。     

Immune responses in piglets infected with highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection compromises the host's innate and adaptive immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the immune responses of piglets infected with highly pathogenic (HP) PRRSV (HuN4 strain) with or without the immunization with CH-1R attenuated PRRSV vaccine. The response was evaluated for the clinical signs, pathological changes and virus load in immune organs, antibody responses and levels of serum IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10. The result showed that in comparison with the piglets received the immunization, the piglets infected with HP-PRRSV alone had the thymus atrophy, decreased serum levels of IL-4 and increased serum levels of IL-10 and INF-γ. These results suggest that elevated IL-10 levels at the early stage of the infection may enhance virus survival and delay the induction of protective immunity, while increased levels of IL-4 induce the effective immune responses and increase the animals' health status.     

PEG胁迫对尖叶胡枝子幼苗SOD和POD同工酶的影响

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术研究不同浓度PEG处理尖叶胡枝子幼苗叶片SOD和POD同工酶及酶活性的变化。结果表明,不同浓度PEG处理,SOD和POD同工酶谱带数目没有变化,无新酶带的出现或酶带的减少,分别为SOD1-4和POD1-3。由迁移率可以看出,尖叶胡枝子幼苗叶片在不同浓度PEG处理下,共有10种SOD同工酶基因表达和6种POD同工酶基因表达。SOD和POD酶活性在低浓度(5~10%)PEG处理下增加,高浓度(15%)的PEG处理下降低。     

血清对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精及早期胚胎发育的影响

从屠宰场收集了本地水牛55头、黑白花奶牛22头的卵巢共获卵泡847枚,平均每个水牛卵巢回收3.67枚可用卵母细胞,约为黑白花奶牛(10.23枚/头)的1/3。试验分别采用添加与不添加血清的培养液体外成熟培养水牛卵母细胞,结果二者的成熟率无明显毒性差异(58.23%对56.67%),但体外受精后早期胚胎发育的8-细胞率有显著差异(35.4%对23.0%),表明体外成熟液中有无血清对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟率没有影响,但血清对卵母细胞的早期胚胎发育有重要影响。进一步比较成熟液中不添加血清但在受精液及胚胎液中添加血清和在各个阶段均有血清参与的早期胚胎发育率(8-细胞率),表明二者差异不显著(33.8%对35.4%)。经无血清成熟培养液培养的成熟卵母细胞可以经孤雌激活后得到早期胚胎(4细胞)。     

耕作与施肥模式对渭北旱塬春玉米田蓄水保墒与玉米产量的影响

为揭示渭北旱塬春玉米田休闲期不同保护性耕作模式的蓄水保墒与增产增收效应,寻找适合渭北旱塬春玉米田水肥高效利用的耕作方式和施肥水平,于2013—2014年度在陕西省合阳县甘井镇春玉米田分别设置传统农户模式(翻耕+低肥,S1)、现有高效模式(免耕+高肥,S2)、创新高效模式(深松+平衡施肥,S3)等模式处理,研究各类耕作与施肥相结合保护性耕作模式下春玉米水分利用率、产量和经济效益差异。结果表明,创新模式S3和现有模式S2较农户模式S1播前增加了土壤贮水量;创新模式S3和现有模式S2处理在玉米主要生育期0~200 cm土层平均土壤贮水量分别比农户模式S1增加23.3 mm和18.1 mm,水分利用效率分别提高12.3%和10%,产量增加11.1%、9.2%。创新模式和现有模式均较农户模式能够增加土壤贮水量,提高水分利用效率,增加产量和经济效益,但创新模式蓄水保墒,增产增收优势明显,是适合渭北旱塬地区春玉米生产的水肥管理模式。     

海水泵用材料的选择比较

该文通过对铸铁，铜合金及0Cr17Ni12Mo2(日本JIS标准SUS316）不锈钢等3种材料在海水泵中的使用情况进行分析比较，并在为香港地区输送海水而生产制造海水泵的长期实践中证明，使用SUS316不锈钢且严格 控制其铸造工艺和其它热处理工艺，则SUS316具有较强的耐海水腐蚀能力及较高的性能价格比，因此，该材料应用在耐海水泵中具有广阔的发展前景。     

Mechanism of RhoA on vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock in rats

AIM: To observe the mechanisms of RhoA on vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats. METHODS: The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock was adopted to assay the vascular reactivity via observing the contraction initiated by norepinephrine (NE) with isolated organ perfusion system. Meanwhile, the effects of Rho kinase, myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) on RhoA regulating vascular reactivity were observed. The effects of RhoA agonist U-46619 and inhibitor C3 enzyme on the activities of Rho kianse, MLCP, MLCK and phosphorylation of MLC20 in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with hypoxia were also measured. RESULTS: As compared to control group, the cumulative dose-response curves of SMA to NE at 2 h after shock shifted to the right, the maximal contractions (Emax) of NE was significantly decreased. RhoA agonist U-46619 increased the vascular reactivity in the late period of shock. C3 enzyme abolished U-46619 induced the increase in the contractile response of SMA to NE. Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 decreased U-46619-induced the increase in the vascular reactivity, MLCP inhibitor calyculin further promoted the increase in the vascular reactivity. However, MLCK inhibitor had no effect on the U-46619-induced change of vascular reactivity. After hypoxia, the activities of Rho kinase and MLCK, and the level of MLC20 phosphorylation were decreased, MLCP activity was increased. RhoA agonist U-46619 increased the activity of Rho kinase and phosphorylation of MLC20, decreased the activity of MLCP, but had no effects on MLCK activity. CONCLUSION: RhoA plays an important role in the regulation of vascular reactivity following shock. The mechanism is closely related to regulating the activities of Rho kinase and MLCP, and increasing the phosphorylation of MLC20 in VSMC.     

基于无人机LiDAR的杉木树冠上部外轮廓模拟与可视化研究

目的 基于无人机激光雷达（LiDAR）点云数据提取杉木树冠上部结构参数（树冠顶点、树高、冠幅和上部冠长）,并进行树冠上部外轮廓模拟与可视化,为树种识别提供树木冠形特征。 方法 利用LASTools开源工具从激光雷达点云数据生成无孔洞的冠层高度模型,使用LiDAR360软件,采用局部最大值法检测树冠顶点,基于CHM种子点对点云进行单木分割,并在ArcGIS下手动选取杉木单株点云样本,用Python编程对“欠分割”样本进行单木纯化（之后全部编程方式自动化处理）;提取纯化后单株样本的树冠上部结构参数（树冠顶点、树高、冠幅和上部冠长）,再对单木点云按照一定高度间隔进行分层切片,使用宽度百分位数法提取单木树冠上部的相对着枝深度、枝条长度作为模型变量,以相对着枝深度分层分别建模与验证样本按照3倍标准差法剔除异常外轮廓点,选取二次多项式、幂函数和指数函数3个基础模型进行模型拟合与验证,最后采用最优拟合模型进行样地尺度的三维可视化。 结果 无人机激光雷达综合单木检测率为79.63%,结合实测参数与提取结果进行相关分析,树高线性回归R2为0.890 5,冠幅线性回归R2为0.845 6;二次抛物线、幂函数和对数函数拟合R2分别为0.807 0、0.817 0、0.806 0,幂函数对杉木树冠上部外轮廓的拟合效果更优。 结论 在高林分密度条件下,单木点云的有效提取纯化对客观描绘树冠形状非常重要;基于无人机激光雷达拟合的杉木树冠上部外轮廓反映了杉木的树冠上部形态,可为杉木的树种识别提供参考。     

叶绿素荧光动力学O-J-I-P参数在棉花幼苗耐冷性评价上的应用

低温冷害是影响棉花生长的主要逆境因子,如何建立简捷、有效的棉花耐冷性鉴定及筛选体系是棉花耐冷研究的关键问题。在本研究中,阐述了如何用O-J-I-P参数来评价棉花幼苗的耐冷性。选用北疆棉区22个主栽棉花品种,对盆栽幼苗经过连续4d的4℃低温处理,进行了相应的冷害指数鉴定,并基于O-J-I-P参数Fv/Fm和PI所建立的冷害因子指数1及冷害因子指数2对各个棉花幼苗做了耐冷鉴定和分级评价。结果发现,冷害因子指数1和冷害因子指数2的鉴定、评价结果与冷害指数鉴定结果相近。中棉所36、新陆早25、297-5幼苗具有较强的耐冷性,而新陆早10号、新陆早12号及炮台1号的耐冷性较弱。叶绿素荧光动力学O-J-I-P可以快速、有效地鉴定棉花幼苗的耐冷性,这对棉花的耐冷性鉴定和培育耐冷型的棉花品种具有重要的意义。     

大型渡槽槽身施工技术进展

阐述我国大型渡槽槽身施工技术的若干最新进展，并探讨了大型梁式渡槽槽身施工中的支撑浇筑系统、伸缩缝止水、预应力张拉等问题，提出大型渡槽槽身施工中支撑系统、施工方法、预应力张拉次序的选择，可供实际工程施工借鉴。