延安苹果产区主要病虫害发生与防治措施

于2008～2011年,对延安所有苹果产区主要病虫害进行调查。结果表明:苹果主要病虫害有腐烂病、早期落叶病、白粉病、轮纹病、锈病、炭疽病、黄叶病、苹果黄蚜、苹果绵蚜、山楂叶螨、金纹细蛾、顶梢卷叶蛾、金龟子、大青叶蝉、舟形毛虫、天幕毛虫、梨星毛虫、球坚介壳虫共17种,其中苹果树腐烂病、早期落叶病、黄蚜、金纹细蛾、山楂叶螨是延安市苹果产区发生普遍且严重的病虫害,其它病虫发生由于地域、果园位置、树龄、管理水平在不同地区发生程度不同。在调查的基础上,根据地理位置和管理水平将延安苹果划分为三大类型。同时,分析了果园生产管理中存在的问题,并提出解决对策和综合防治方法。     

我国REDD+行动的测量、报告和核查体系

对《UNFCCC》缔约方会议关于REDD+行动可测量、可报告和可核查的相关规定进行解读;分析现阶段我国实现REDD+行动可测量、可报告和可核查目标的难点和重点;提出适合我国国情的REDD+行动类型;建立以目的、实施状况、对可持续发展和消除贫困的贡献、环境效果、可持续性和成本有效性为普遍性指标的我国REDD+行动的测量、报告和核查体系框架.     

Benzophenone glycosides and epicatechin derivatives from Malania oleifera

A new benzophenone C-glycoside, malaferin A (1), and two new epicatechin derivatives, malaferin B (2) and malaferin C (3), together with five known compounds were isolated from Malania oleifera. In addition, (-)-epicatechin-3-O-benzoate (6) was isolated for the first time from a natural resource. Structures of 1-3 were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques. All of the compounds were evaluated for anti-HIV activities.     

修水黄羽乌鸡种蛋孵化效果分析

为了掌握修水黄羽乌鸡的种质特性,本文统计、分析了15批次种蛋的孵化性能,并进行各项指标之间的相关性分析和前、中、后期性能差异显著性分析.结果表明:在正常情况下,修水黄羽乌鸡种蛋的受精率平均为94.43％;平均入孵蛋孵化率为81.15％;平均受精蛋孵化率为85.91％;健雏率为平均97.46％.受精率与孵化率和健雏率、孵化率与健雏率均有较强的正相关.受精率、孵化率和健雏率均是中期最高,对应的受精率差异不显著,孵化率和健雏率差异显著.修水黄羽乌鸡种蛋的受精率和健雏率已达较高水平,孵化率有待提高.     

秦岭细鳞鲑消化系统的形态学观察

运用大体解剖和常规组织学方法对秦岭细鳞鲑消化系统的组织形态进行了系统观察。结果表明,秦岭细鳞鲑的消化道由口咽腔、食道、胃和肠等4部分组成,除口咽腔外,管壁由内向外分为黏膜、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜。口咽腔宽大,上颌、犁骨及腭骨等处布有细齿,黏膜衬以复层扁平上皮,间有较多的黏液细胞和少量的杯状细胞及味蕾;食管粗而短,黏膜向管腔突出形成多个纵行皱襞,上皮由复层扁平上皮逐渐向单层柱状过渡,上皮细胞间可见到数量较多的粘液细胞和杯状细胞,食管腺不发达;胃体积较大,呈“U”形,包括贲门部、胃体和幽门部,胃体部小凹及胃底腺结构明显,肌层发达;胃与肠相接处有63-65个幽门盲囊,肠道粗短而略微盘曲,黏膜上皮为单层柱状,未见明显的肠腺。以上结果显示,秦岭细鳞鲑消化道组织结构与其肉食性功能密切相关。肝小叶界限不清;双列肝细胞围绕中央静脉呈放射状走行,肝细胞个体大、呈多边形,核呈圆形或卵圆形,1-2个。胰脏大部分环绕前肠边缘、呈细长条索状,另可见分散于幽门盲囊及胃周围的弥散部分;其外分泌部为管泡状腺,腺细胞呈锥体形,胰岛结构明显。     

Variation in water potential, hydraulic characteristics and water source use in montane Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine trees in southwestern Alberta and consequences for seasonal changes in photosynthetic capacity

Tree species response to climate change-induced shifts in the hydrological cycle depends on many physiological traits, particularly variation in water relations characteristics. We evaluated differences in shoot water potential, vulnerability of branches to reductions in hydraulic conductivity, and water source use between Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm. (lodgepole pine) and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (interior Douglas-fir), and determined the consequences for seasonal changes in photosynthetic capacity. The Douglas-fir site had soil with greater depth, finer texture and higher organic matter content than soil at the lodgepole pine site, all factors that increased the storage of soil moisture. While the measured xylem vulnerability curves were quite similar for the two species, Douglas-fir had lower average midday shoot water potentials than did lodgepole pine. This implied that lodgepole pine exhibited stronger stomatal control of transpiration than Douglas-fir, which helped to reduce the magnitude of the water potential gradient required to access water from drying soil. Stable hydrogen isotope measurements indicated that Douglas-fir increased the use of groundwater during mid-summer when precipitation inputs were low, while lodgepole pine did not. There was a greater reduction of photosynthetic carbon gain in lodgepole pine compared with Douglas-fir when the two tree species were exposed to seasonal declines in soil water content. The contrasting patterns of seasonal variation in photosynthetic capacity observed for the two species were a combined result of differences in soil characteristics at the separate sites and the inherent physiological differences between the species.     

油茶穗条芽位对嫁接育苗的影响

以5年生油茶采穗圃中‘长林4号’、‘长林40号’和‘长林53号’作为试验材料,剪取树体上部具有6个芽位的穗条进行试验。通过试验发现:1年生嫁接苗中,随着芽位的降低,植株的生长量也随之降低,但未能起到显著影响植物生长的作用,品种因素是影响生长的关键因素;苗高和根系长度伴随着芽位降低而降低,表明地上和地下部分能迅速地进行协调生长,呈现出随着芽位的降低从上到下逐次递减的趋势。     

猪回肠炎的诊断与防治

猪回肠炎是由厌氧菌-胞内劳森菌感染引起的一种以顽固性或间歇性出血性下痢为特征的消化道疾病。猪感染后生长速度减慢,猪群生长均匀度变差,有时引起死亡。由于猪只死亡、淘汰或饲料转化率降低,给猪场带来严重的经济损失。1发病特点(1)猪回肠炎大多数病例发生在6~20周龄的生长育成猪,发病率为5%~26%。(2)环境温度突然变化、饲养     

桉属树种/种源生长与耐冻性的联合选择

对桉属7个种11个种批进行生长和耐冻性的联合选择研究。选出在冷凉地区较有潜力的邓恩桉17913、20665和17922以及本沁桉18788共4个种批,蓄积量14.80～20.93 m3/a·hm2,这为国内冷凉地区发展短轮伐期桉树用材林提供了可供选择的速生、耐冻的种植材料。另外,多雷苷桉虽然生长中等(蓄积量10.03 m3/a·hm2),但耐冻性好,可以作为进一步选择和杂交育种的备用材料。     

深化马克思主义哲学教学改革应处理好的几个关系

本文以现代教育观为视角,通过对哲学教学的理论分析和实践探索,提出马克思主义哲学课教学应以学生为中心,正确处理教师的主导作用与学生的主体地位、理论认识功能与政治导向功能、课堂教学与网络教学等七对矛盾关系,认为这是在新形势下实现哲学教学基本任务和根本目标、培育高素质现代人才的有效措施。