植物表观遗传修饰的分子机制及其生物学功能

表观遗传调控是指基于非DNA序列的改变所致基因功能的变化,最终导致生物多效性表型。表观遗传调控因子通过多种途径调控基因表达,参与植物几乎所有的生长发育过程。本文介绍了DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、RNA甲基化、染色质重塑、非编码RNA、基因印记和母性效应等植物表观遗传修饰主要类型的分子机制,以及它们在细胞增殖、细胞分化、生物与非生物胁迫、开花、果实成熟和胚胎发育中的作用机制和生物学功能,并对其在农业上的应用作了展望。     

Establishment and comparative analysis of 2 hypoxia models of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells

AIM: To explore the differences in the effects of 2 representative hypoxia models on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. METHODS: To establish a chemical hypoxia model, MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with CoCl₂ at different concentrations (0~300 μmol/L) for different time (24 h, 48 h and 72 h). On the other hand, MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to hypoxia with different volume fractions (1%, 2% and 5%) of oxygen for different time (4 h, 16 h and 24 h) to establish a physical hypoxia model. The viability of the cells in the 2 hypoxia models was measured by CCK-8 assay. The protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), Bcl-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were determined by Western blot. The apoptosis of the cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. The cell invasion and migration were examined by Transwell assay and wound-healing assay, respectively. RESULTS: The HIF-1α was expressed in time- and dose-dependent manners. These results indicated that treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with CoCl₂ at 100 μmol/L for 24 h served as the final chemical hypoxia model, and exposure of MDA-MB-231 cells to hypoxia with 2% oxygen for 24 h served as the final physical hypoxia model. Compared with the cells with chemical hypoxia, the protein le-vel of HIF-1α was significantly increased in the cells with physical hypoxia. In addition, reoxygenation from hypoxia caused a rapidly degraded HIF-1α expression level in physical hypoxia model. Flow cytometry results showed that apoptosis was increased and the protein expression level of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was decreased in the cells with physical hypoxia, while no significant change was observed in the cells with chemical hypoxia. The protein expression level of MMP-2 in both hypoxia models was increased, and the invasion and migration capabilities of the cells with chemical hypoxia were enhanced. CONCLUSION: Two hypoxia models were successfully constructed. There were differences in the expression and stability of HIF-1α protein, and the viability, apoptosis, invasion and migration of the cells in the 2 different hypoxia models, which provide references for the selection of hypoxia models and the further study of characteristics of tumor cells in hypoxia environment.     

Effect of low expression of miR-21 on apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by matrine

AIM: To explore whether miR-21 low expression enhances the effect of matrine (MAT) on the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.METHODS: Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-21 in the HepG2 cells treated with different concentrations of MAT. The effect of miR-21 on MAT-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the HepG2 cells treated with MAT was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot.RESULTS: The expression of miR-21 increased with the increasing concentration of MAT. Low expression of miR-21 promoted MAT-induced apoptosis, and enhanced the expression of Bax at mRNA and protein levels (P<0.05), while inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 at mRNA and protein levels (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Low expression of miR-21 enhances MAT-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2 and promoting Bax expression.     

Antitumor effect of allicin on esophageal cancer EC109 cells compared with chemotherapeutics in vitro

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of allicin on human esophageal cancer cell line EC109 and its possible mechanism by comparison with chemotherapeutic drugs. METHODS: The EC109 cells were treated with different concentrations of allicin, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. The cell viability was detected by CCK8 assay and the activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was analyzed at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The apoptosis of the EC109 cells induced by Z-VAD-FMK, allicin, allicin+Z-VAD-FMK, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin was analyzed by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC and PI double staining. The enzyme activity changes of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 were detected by spectrophotometry. RESULTS: Allicin had inhibitory effect on the growth of the EC109 cells and killed them in concentration-dependent and time-dependent manners. LDH activity was decreased compared with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. The increased activity of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in allicin-treated cells was statistically significant, but caspase-9 activity changed without statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Allicin inhibits the growth of EC109 cells in concentration-and time-dependent manners through extrinsic apoptosis pathways activated by caspase-8, and the side effects are weaker compared with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin.     

A Review and Analysis of Seismic ResponseSpectra of Elastic-Plastic Structures

The research on seismic response spectra of Elastic-Plastic structures has gained a lot of useful results with the development of the research on seismic response of elastic-plastic structures.This paper discusses the various kinds of elastic-plastic response spectra and points out the key problem which must be solved for their use in seismic design.     

速生桉对土壤有机质含量及pH的影响

分析了不同种植年份速生桉对不同深度土壤有机质含量及pH的影响.结果表明,种植桉树对10 cm和20 cm土层有机质含量影响较大,与对照相比,降幅分别达16.32％和23.94％;1～3年生桉树主要影响10～20 cm土层土壤有机质含量,5年生桉树主要影响10～40 cm土层土壤有机质含量.种植速生桉会导致耕地土壤pH上...     

4℃液态保存对奶山羊精子超微结构的影响

旨在探究4℃液态保存中奶山羊精子超微结构变化,为阐明影响奶山羊精子液态保存质量的相关机制提供形态学依据.采集关中奶山羊精液进行4℃液态保存,伊红染色检测保存至0、24、48、72、96、120和144 h的精子活率,扫描电镜和透射电镜观察0、48、96 h的精子超微结构.伊红染色检测结果发现,精子活率随液态保存时间延长...     

绿洲农区棉花生产的生态适应性分析

从绿洲农区光、温角度入手,比较分析了绿洲与非绿洲农区的光、热资源的耦合效应及其棉花的生态适应性。结果表明:绿洲棉区之所以成为优质棉区,是因为采取的栽培技术使绿洲地区的光、热富能期与高效结铃期耦合的结果,用栽培技术协调了生物与环境间的良好关系,从而确保了绿洲棉产业的迅速发展。     

巨菌草饲粮对七彩山鸡血液指标和脂肪相关基因的影响

旨在探究日粮中添加巨菌草对七彩山鸡血液生理生化指标以及脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)基因和钙激活蛋白酶抑制蛋白(CAST)基因表达影响.在为期3周预试验后,选取1周龄(无外观上缺失,无精神、食欲不振等情况)健康的七彩山鸡(母)210只,随机分为1个对照组和4个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复14只,5个组分别是在基础饲料中添加0％...     

益肾胶囊质量标准研究

目的:建立益肾胶囊质量标准。方法:采用薄层色谱法对方中淫羊藿、白芍、人参、黄芪、甘草进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法对淫羊藿苷进行含量测定。结果:薄层鉴别均斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰;含量测定中淫羊藿苷在0.254～0.762μg范围内,进样量与峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.9994,平均回收率为99.12%,RSD=1.54%(n=6)。结论:所建立方法操作简单、专属性和重现性良好,可作为该制剂的质量控制方法。