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921.
922.
以一台低比转速离心泵铸铁叶轮水力模型为原型,将其材质替换为塑料.考虑泵效率提升和注塑工艺可行性对叶轮几何参数进行修改:减小叶轮外径,增加叶轮出口宽度;考虑塑料结构工艺对叶轮结构进行调整:后盖板外侧设置加强筋,轮毂处加铜嵌件,盖板与叶片结合处添加定位孔销和焊接用导熔线。将塑料叶轮和铸铁叶轮安装在同一泵体进行对比测试。测试结果表明:塑料叶轮设计工况点泵的效率由56%提高到60%,增加了4%,既达到国家节能效率指标,又为用户节省了用电费用。 相似文献
923.
924.
甘蔗种植的重要环节是种蔗的选取与切断。为此,根据种蔗的选种与切断质量的要求,设计了一种切断机构,并能保证农艺要求。设计该机构的总体思路如下:根据工作的性能要求初步选取电动机,设计出整个机构各个部件的基本布局,选出合适的动力传递装置;通过计算与校核,设计传动装置中的带轮、传动轴、轴承型号、轴承盖以及工作部件中的圆盘与刀片;最后,将各个零部件进行组装。该机构集中一个地点进行切断种蔗,可装配于预先砍种的甘蔗种植机使用。该机构设计与研制,可减轻甘蔗种植过程中的劳动强度以及生产成本,为争取农时、加快甘蔗生产机械化的发展提供了一个方向。 相似文献
925.
Moisture conservation for rainfed wheat production with alternative mulches and conservation tillage in the hills of north-west India 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In the hills of north–west India, maize (Zea mays L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the dominant cropping system. However, rainfed wheat suffers from lack of optimum moisture at sowing. Field experiments were conducted for 3 years on a silty clay loam (Typic Hapludalf) to evaluate the effectiveness of mulches and conservation tillage for rainfed wheat in mitigating this problem. The treatments were ten factorial combinations of five mulch-tillage practices and two nitrogen levels (N60 and N120 kg ha−1). Mulch treatments consisted of application of 10 Mg ha−1 (dry weight basis), to previous standing maize, of either wild sage (Lantana camara L.) or eupatorium (Eupatorium adenophorum Sprengel) in combination with either conventional or conservation (minium) tillage prior to wheat sowing. These alternative practices were compared to the conventional farmer practice of soil tillage after harvest of maize with no mulch. The application of these weed mulches to standing maize maintained friable soil structure owing to a five fold higher mean population of earthworms underneath mulch. Mulches resulted in 0.06–0.10 m3 m−3 higher moisture in the seed-zone when wheat was sown compared with the conventional farmer practice of soil tillage after maize harvest. Mulch-conservation tillage treatments favourably moderated the hydro-thermal regime for growing a wheat crop. The mean root mass density under these treatments at wheat flowering was higher by 1.27–1.40 times over the conventional farmer practice during the 3 year study. Conservation tillage holds promise because it does not require elaborate tillage and may ultimately reduce animal draught in the hilly regions. Recycling available organic materials having no fodder value coupled with conservation tillage may help enrich the soil environment in the long-term. The practice also offers gainful use of these obnoxious weeds that cause great menace in grass and forest lands in the region. 相似文献
926.
马铃薯32 kD抗菌蛋白的cDNA分子克隆研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以马铃薯抗青枯病品种为试验材料,采用mRNA微量制备和cDNA快速合成系统,以噬菌体λgt11为载体,构建cDNA表达文库。以32kD抗菌蛋白API抗体为探针,采用免疫杂交技术筛选得到了阳性克隆。 相似文献
927.
Fatty acid patterns of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides in the characterisation of microbial communities in soil: a review 总被引:45,自引:0,他引:45
L. Zelles 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1999,29(2):111-129
This review discusses the analysis of whole-community phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles and the composition of lipopolysaccharides
in order to assess the microbial biomass and the community structure in soils. For the determination of soil microbial biomass
a good correlation was obtained between the total amount of PLFAs and the microbial biomass measured with methods commonly
used for determinations such as total adenylate content and substrate-induced respiration. Generally, after the application
of multivariate statistical analyses, whole-community fatty acid profiles indicate which communities are similar or different.
However, in most cases, the organisms accounting for similarity or difference cannot be determined, and therefore artefacts
could not be excluded. The fatty acids used to determine the biomass vary from those which determine the community structure.
Specific attention has to be paid when choosing extraction methods in order to avoid the liberation of fatty acids from non-living
organic material and deposits, and to exclude the non-target selection of lipids from living organisms, as well. By excluding
the fatty acids which were presumed to be common and widespread prior to multivariate statistical analysis, estimates were
improved considerably. Results from principal component analysis showed that determining the levels of fatty acids present
in both low and high concentrations is essential in order to correctly identify microorganisms and accurately classify them
into taxonomically defined groups. The PLFA technique has been used to elucidate different strategies employed by microorganisms
to adapt to changed environmental conditions under wide ranges of soil types, management practices, climatic origins and different
perturbations. It has been proposed that the classification of PLFAs into a number of chemically different subgroups should
simplify the evaluating procedure and improve the assessment of soil microbial communities, since then only the subgroups
assumed to be involved in key processes would be investigated.
Received: 24 August 1998 相似文献
928.
The effect of termites on the breakdown of Pennisetum pedicellatum straw under Sahelian conditions was studied in northern Burkina Faso during the dry and wet seasons of 1995. Litterbags were
laid on plots treated with drieldrin at a rate of 500 g a.i. (active ingredient) ha–1 to exclude termite activity and on untreated plots. Termites were the only macroscopically visible consumers which were observed
in the litterbags during the dry and wet season. In litterbags with no termites present the rate of breakdown of straw was
lower during both the dry or wet seasons than in litterbags with termites. In the litterbags with termites, much of the mulch
was taken off and replaced by termite-made sheeting. From April to September over 60% of the added material disappeared from
termite litterbags, while only 18% of the added straw disappeared from litterbags without termites. From October to December,
28% of the straw disappeared from termite-infested litterbags versus 8% from litterbags without termites. The contribution
of termites to the breakdown of straw was estimated to be over 70% for each of the two experiments. Under Sahelian conditions,
the breakdown of organic residues is strongly influenced by termites.
Received: 6 May 1998 相似文献
929.
Antioxidant capacity, vitamin C, phenolics, and anthocyanins after fresh storage of small fruits. 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
W Kalt C F Forney A Martin R L Prior 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(11):4638-4644
Fresh strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.), raspberries (Rubus idaeus Michx.), highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), and lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) were stored at 0, 10, 20, and 30 degrees C for up to 8 days to determine the effects of storage temperature on whole fruit antioxidant capacity (as measured by the oxygen radical absorbing capacity assay, Cao et al., Clin. Chem. 1995, 41, 1738-1744) and total phenolic, anthocyanin, and ascorbate content. The four fruit varied markedly in their total antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant capacity was strongly correlated with the content of total phenolics (0.83) and anthocyanins (0.90). The antioxidant capacity of the two blueberry species was about 3-fold higher than either strawberries or raspberries. However, there was an increase in the antioxidant capacity of strawberries and raspberries during storage at temperatures >0 degrees C, which was accompanied by increases in anthocyanins in strawberries and increases in anthocyanins and total phenolics in raspberries. Ascorbate content differed more than 5-fold among the four fruit species; on average, strawberries and raspberries had almost 4-times more ascorbate than highbush and lowbush blueberries. There were no ascorbate losses in strawberries or highbush blueberries during 8 days of storage at the various temperatures, but there were losses in the other two fruit species. Ascorbate made only a small contribution (0.4-9.4%) to the total antioxidant capacity of the fruit. The increase observed in antioxidant capacity through postharvest phenolic synthesis and metabolism suggested that commercially feasible technologies may be developed to enhance the health functionality of small fruit crops. 相似文献
930.
E López Agüero N Bosch Bosch C Barrera Vázquez B López Ruiz 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(11):4682-4685
A new, simple, precise, and rapid ion chromatography (IC) method has been developed to determine chloride in mustard sauces using a mixture of phthalic acid, acetone, and water adjusted to pH 5.0 as eluent. Conductometric detection was carried out. The retention time for chloride was 1.5 min. Linearity was obtained up to a concentration level of 100 mg/L NaCl. The method was statistically evaluated for accuracy and precision after being used to assay the chloride from mustard sauces. Within the same samples, the chloride levels obtained by IC were compared with the sodium concentrations quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 相似文献