河南省21个小麦品种(系)高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的电泳分析

用十二烷基硫酸钠－－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS－PAGE）对河南省21个小麦新品种（系）麦谷蛋白高分子量（HMW）亚基构成、不同等位基因间亚基变异及出现频率进行了系统分析，并计算了品质得分。结果表明，河南省现有小麦新品种（系）的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基构成中以2＋12亚基居多，5＋10亚基的品种数量较少，对今后河南省小麦品质改良提出了建议。     

驾车接近隧道过程中驾驶员瞳孔大小变化规律

为了解驾驶员驾车进入隧道过程中的瞳孔变化过程,让8位驾驶员分别驾车进入4座隧道,在此过程中用眼动仪记录驾驶员的瞳孔大小。分析眼动仪记录得到的驾驶员瞳孔大小数据的特征,通过小波变换进行数据处理,得到了驾驶员驾车进入隧道过程中瞳孔大小变化曲线。分析驾驶员瞳孔大小变化曲线发现,不同驾驶员的瞳孔大小存在个体差异;同一驾驶员多次测试的瞳孔大小存在一定的随机性;在接近隧道过程中驾驶员瞳孔逐渐变大,并在隧道洞口附近急剧变大;不同驾驶员的瞳孔变化趋势存在一定的差异;驾驶员瞳孔大小除受适应亮度的影响外,还受驾驶员的心理等因素的影响。     

工程合同中激励机制的设计

针对工程合同中激励机制的设计问题，首先分析了工程参建单位的需要，然后从收益、声誉和竞争三方面建立了相应的激励机制，并指出了在工程建设中应用收益、声誉和竞争激励机制的原则及要点，最后结合具体工程，建立了具体的激励措施，实践表明激励效果良好。     

Leak-preventing effect of synthetic soil conditioners in paddy field

Synthetic soil conditioners have been studied by many soil scientists, but their studies were mainly on the formation of the water-stable aggregate of soils. But it may be possible that, if synthetic soil conditioners, the water-soluble polymers, are spread on the plowsole of the leaky paddy field, the leakage of water is prevented by the thin layer of the polymer formed by the swelling with irrigation water.     

Properties and metabolic diversity of microbial communities in soils treated with steam sterilization compared with methyl bromide and chloropicrin fumigations

The effects of steam sterilization (SS) on soil microbial properties including metabolic diversity of the microbial communities were examined in a greenhouse compared with those of two fumigants, methyl bromide (MB) and chloropicrin (CP). The numbers of fungi decreased in all the treatments. Nitrifiers, both ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, were severely affected by the SS and CP treatments, resulting in their virtual disappearance. The decrease in the levels of microbial biomass C and N after the treatments suggested that the SS and CP treatments eradicated the microorganisms more effectively than the MB treatment and that the influence of the former persisted until the end of the experiment, 4 months after the treatments. Accumulation of NH₄-N was observed after the SS and CP treatments mainly due to the partial decomposition of the dead microorganisms and the marked decrease in the number of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. The richness and average well color development (AWCD) values in the microbial communities after the SS treatment were evaluated by the carbon substrate utilization method using Biolog ECO MicroPlates. The values decreased markedly immediately after the treatment but showed a rapid recovery, while those after the CP treatment continued to decrease until the transplanting of tomato seedlings. The effect of the MB treatment on the soil microbial communities was less pronounced. The growth of the tomato plants was promoted by the SS and CP treatments due to the increase in the N supply at the initial stage of tomato growth.     

蛋鸡胫骨中矿物元素变化规律的研究

蛋鸡随着周龄的增加, 鲜胫骨长和鲜胫骨重同时增长, 但增重的速度落后于胫骨增长的速度。在１７～１９ 周龄内胫骨中的钙和磷含量以及胫骨灰与鲜骨重的比值急巨增加。钙和磷含量的变化曲线相似, 只是在纵轴上的截距不同。钠的含量高于镁, 在１７～１９ 周龄时, 钠和镁的含量急巨增加, 在２３～２４ 周龄后趋于平稳, 钠和镁有相似的变化曲线, 只是在纵轴上的截距不同, 钾的含量变化不同于钠和镁, 随着周龄的增长, 钾的含量是逐渐降低的, 在２３～２４ 周龄后趋于平稳。微量元素锰随着周龄的增加而增加, 在 ４５ 周龄后略有下降趋。铁的曲线变化不规则。     

Development of a Novel Staining Procedure for Visualizing the Gluten–Starch Matrix in Bread Dough and Cereal Products

A novel staining procedure has been developed to visualize the gluten– starch matrix in wheat flour dough. Dough samples mixed to the final stage were stained with 26 fluorescent reagents, and each stained sample was observed with three sets of fluorescence filters (blue, green, and red). Of all the combinations of reagents and filters, the combination of acid magenta and the blue fluorescent filter set was the most effective in distinguishing starch granules from gluten network structure. Its effectiveness was further demonstrated with gluten and starch granule samples, in which the contrast was clearer when observed with the blue fluorescent filter set than without any fluorescent filter. Visualizing the gluten–starch matrix in dough samples at four mixing stages with the same procedure resulted in clear identification of the changes in gluten network structure because of the differences in mixing stages. The same procedure also enabled us to distinguish starch from gluten in white salted noodles, baked cookies, and flour particles. The proposed procedure is quicker, simpler, and has a lower risk of altering the sample than other conventional ones, and it is expected to become a useful tool in cereal studies.     

不同株距对温室冬春茬番茄生长和产量的影响

为了研究温室冬春茬番茄合理的田间群体结构,以及株距对群体配置的影响,试验在相同的垄沟配置下通过改变株距,对番茄的植株生长、果实性状和产量表现进行研究。结果表明,株高、茎粗、幅宽、单株果数和单果重均表现为,随着株距的增大而增加的趋势,对果穗数和果型没有影响,畸形果率随着株距的减小而明显增加,单产处理间没有较大差异,均在115500 kg/hm2左右;说明在相同的70+50垄行配置下,株距在25~40 cm之间部分性状虽表现出一定的趋势性变化,但均为比较合理的田间群体配置。     

冬小麦-夏玉米轮作区动态平衡施肥配方的研究

采用定位试验,在冬小麦既定配方的基础上,按13个不同三要素肥料配比,对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作周期中夏玉米产量、肥料综合利用率、经济施肥量进行了研究。结果表明,N∶P2O5∶K2O为1∶0.4∶0.4的配方即施N195,P2O578,K2O78kg·hm-2夏玉米产量最高,按此配方处理的肥料综合利用率也较高,节本增效最显著。回归分析表明,在前茬小麦施N262.5,P2O5180,K2O262.55kg·hm-2,夏玉米施N195kg·hm-2试验条件下,合理的施磷量为68.25～87.75kg·hm-2,即N∶P2O5=1∶(0.4±0.05),既定配方磷的校正值为39±9.75kg·hm-2(比例为0.2±0.05),钾的合理用量为78～97.5kg·hm-2,即N∶K2O=1∶0.4～0.5,钾的校正值为19.5～39kg·hm-2(比例为0.1～0.2),N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.4±0.05∶0.4～0.5较为合理。     

悬挂式水稻田间育秧播种机设计与试验

为解决现有水稻育秧方式存在的用工多、劳动强度大、生产效率低的问题,设计了一种悬挂式水稻田间育秧播种机,参考水稻工厂化育秧技术要求等相关行业标准开展试验测试,分析育秧播种机的铺土均匀性、播种均匀性和机具的整体作业质量。结果表明,该机在播种作业过程中只需驾驶员和辅助人员两人即可完成,每小时可播种4 000盘以上,具有用工少、生产效率高、播种质量高等特点。该机采用直径为160 mm的大直径外槽轮式排土辊和直径为110 mm的大直径、大窝眼式排种辊,满足了水稻育秧底土量和播种量较大的要求。田间试验结果表明,育秧盘内不同点的底土铺土厚度变异系数均小于6%,每盘播种均匀度和总播种均匀度均在90%以上,按插秧时对应切块位置测得的每格播量合格率均≥85%,作业流畅、性能稳定,各项指标符合相关标准和实际生产要求。研究表明,悬挂式水稻田间育秧播种机挂接在插秧机底盘后,可一次完成在水稻育秧盘内均匀铺底土和播种作业。