沿浦湾秋茄种植前后大型底栖动物生态位和功能群变化

基于沿浦湾2014年10月(秋季)和2016年10月(秋季)的潮间带大型底栖动物调查资料,运用生态位宽度、生态位重叠、功能群分类和冗余分析(RDA)等指标与方法,分析秋茄(Kandelia candel)种植前、后大型底栖动物的生态位、功能群变化。研究结果表明,秋茄种植后广生态位种和中生态位种物种数占比与种植前相比较均有所增加,窄生态位种物种数占比减少。种植前生态位重叠值最大的种对为大青弹涂鱼(Scartelaosgigas)和细螯虾(Leptochela gracilis)(0.94),种植后则分别为豆形拳蟹(Pyrhila pisum)和微黄镰玉螺(Lunatica gilva)(0.99)、堇拟沼螺(Assiminea violacea)和光滑河篮蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)(0.99)。种植后高、中潮带功能群多样性较种植前上升,而低潮带功能群多样性下降;种植后浮游生物食者(Pl)、植食者(Ph)和杂食者(Om)的密度较种植前均增加,而肉食者(Ca)的密度略有减少。秋茄种植前3个潮带之间无显著性差异(P0.05);秋茄种植后高潮带与低潮带,以及中潮带与低潮带均有显著性差异(P0.05)。冗余分析(RDA)得出,对大型底栖动物群落具有较大影响的因子由种植前的铅、镉和石油类变为种植后的锌、镉和砷。总之,苍南沿浦湾秋茄林种植对大型底栖动物生态位和功能群总体上具有积极的改善作用。     

Modelling the impacts of environmental variation on habitat suitability for Pacific saury in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean

We developed habitat suitability index (HSI) models for two size classes of Pacific saury Cololabis saira in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Environmental data, including sea surface temperature, sea surface height, salinity, and net primary production, and catch and effort data from Taiwanese distant‐water stick‐held dip net fisheries during the main fishing season (August–October) during 2002–2015 were used. Habitat preferences and suitable habitat area differed between size classes. The suitable habitat was located between 40–47.5°N and 145–165°E for large‐sized Pacific saury but encompassed a greater area (35–47°N and 140–165°E) for medium‐sized Pacific saury. Both size classes were affected by substantial interannual variation in the environmental variables, which in turn can be important in determining the potential fishing grounds. We found a significant negative relationship between the suitable habitat area and the Niño3.4 indices with a time‐lag of 6 months for the large‐sized (r = ?0.68) and medium‐sized (r = ?0.42) Pacific saury, respectively, as well as the total landings of Pacific saury by all fishing fleets (r = ?0.46). As remotely‐sensed environmental data become increasingly available, HSI models may prove useful for evaluation of possible changes in habitat suitability resulting from climate change or other environmental phenomena and in formulating scientific advice for management.     

Pinnisterols A–C,New 9,11-Secosterols from a Gorgonian Pinnigorgia sp.

Three new 9,11-secosterols, pinnisterols A–C (1–3), were isolated from a gorgonian coral Pinnigorgia sp., collected off the waters of Taiwan. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The new sterols 1 and 3 displayed significant inhibitory effects on the generation of superoxide anions and the release of elastase by human neutrophils, and sterol 1 was found to show moderate cytotoxicity in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).     

Multiplex PCR genotyping for five bacterial blight resistance genes applied to marker‐assisted selection in rice (Oryza sativa)

Bacterial blight (BB) is the most economically damaging disease of rice in Asia and other parts of the world. In this study, a multiplex PCR genotyping method was developed to simultaneously identify genotypes of five BB resistance genes, Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa13 and Xa21. The resistance R alleles were amplified using five functional markers (FMs) to generate amplicons of 217, 103, 179, 381 and 595 bp in IRBB66. Amplicons of 198, 107, 87, 391 and 467 bp corresponded to susceptible alleles in Taiwanese japonica rice cultivars. In backcross breeding programmes, the multiplex PCR assay was integrated into selection from a population using BB resistance donor IRBB66 crossed to rice cultivar ‘Tainung82’. Two plants with homozygosity for Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa13 and Xa21 were selected from 1100 BC₂F₂ plants. In addition, the five BB resistance genes were also accurately identified in F₂ populations. This multiplex PCR method provides a rapid and efficient method for detecting various BB resistance genes, which will assist in pyramiding genes to improve durability of BB resistance in Taiwanese elite rice cultivars.     

番茄斑萎病毒对云南莴苣类蔬菜的侵染为害

莴苣类蔬菜是常见的食用蔬菜。近年在云南发现生菜、莴笋、油麦菜有症状表现为叶片黄化、褪绿、坏死斑的病害流行危害,为确定其病原,通过电子显微镜观察、回接试验、ELISA检测、病毒基因分析,在典型症状病样组织粗汁液和超薄切片中均观察到有类似番茄斑萎病毒属病毒的粒体,该病毒粒体为球形,直径80～85 nm; ELISA检测和病毒基因分析显示,侵染莴苣类蔬菜的病毒为番茄斑萎病毒。     

Effects of Silver on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Gaseous Isopropanol

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - The decomposition of gaseous isopropanol (IPA) by UV/TiO2 process in an annular photoreactor was studied under various conditions such as UV light intensity and...     

C型肉毒梭菌肉毒毒素的提取与鉴定

[目的]通过对C型肉毒梭菌肉毒毒素的提取与鉴定,为类毒素和抗毒素的制备及抗原性分析奠定基础.[方法]将分离鉴定得到的C型肉毒梭菌通过扩大培养、产毒培养后将产生的肉毒毒素采用除菌过滤、硫酸铵盐盐析、离心、透析、浓缩的方法从产毒培养基中分离提取出来.再将提取的肉毒毒素通过SDS-PAGE鉴定毒素蛋白的分子量.[结果]分离出来的毒素蛋白重链和轻链分别在98和53 KDa左右,与C型肉毒毒素的理论分子量相符.[结论]提取的肉毒毒素是C型肉毒毒素.     

Briarenolides F and G, new briarane diterpenoids from a Briareum sp. octocoral

Two new briarane diterpenoids, briarenolides, F (1) and G (2), were isolated from an octocoral identified as Briareum sp. The structures of briaranes 1 and 2 were established by spectroscopic methods and by comparison of the spectroscopic data with those of known briarane analogues. Briarenolide F was proven to be the first 6-hydroperoxybriarane derivative and this compound displayed a significant inhibitory effect on the generation of superoxide anion by human neutrophils.     

Pseudoalteromone B: A Novel 15C Compound from a Marine Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. CGH2XX

A novel 15C compound, pseudoalteromone B (1), possessing a novel carbon skeleton, was obtained from a marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. CGH2XX. This bacterium was originally isolated from a cultured-type octocoral Lobophytum crassum, that was growing in cultivating tanks equipped with a flow-through sea water system. The structure of 1 was established by spectroscopic methods. Pseudoalteromone B (1) displayed a modestly inhibitory effect on the release of elastase by human neutrophils.     

Distribution of Protein Bodies and Phytate‐Rich Inclusions in Grain Tissues of Low and High Iron Rice Genotypes

The present study aims to understand whether genotypic differences in grain iron (Fe) concentration in four rice genotypes are related to its association with protein bodies containing phytate‐rich inclusions. Rice genotypes with high and low grain Fe concentrations in unpolished brown rice were grown in a greenhouse at Chiang Mai, Thailand, and grains were harvested at maturity. The presence of protein bodies and phytate‐rich inclusions in rice grain tissues were examined by means of light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The composition of mineral elements in different grain tissues was examined using energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDX) and chemical analysis. The relative distribution pattern of protein bodies in the tissues was similar among the four rice genotypes, which resembled the pattern of grain N concentrations in these tissues. The high grain Fe genotypes (based on brown rice Fe concentration) had more protein bodies containing phytate‐rich inclusions in the embryo and aleurone layer tissues than the low Fe genotypes. Phytate‐rich inclusions were not detected in the endosperm tissues in all genotypes. In conclusion, the presence of protein bodies with phytate‐rich inclusions predominantly in the embryo and aleurone regions of the grain is an important parameter contributing to the variation in brown rice Fe concentration among the genotypes, but not in the white rice (the endosperm). Iron associated with the phytate‐rich inclusions present in the embryo and aleurone layer tissues are largely lost during the polishing process to produce white rice.