Development of a molecular marker for a bruchid (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) resistance gene in mungbean

Bruchid, Callosobruchus spp. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), is a serious pest during storage of seeds of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) and other Vigna species. A source of resistance to this pest has been identified in Vigna sublobata (Roxb.) Bairig. accession TC1966. Two hundred recombinant inbred lines at the F₁₂ generation have been developed for molecular mapping of bruchid resistance (Br) gene in TC1966. Through bulked segregant analysis (BSA), ten randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers associated with the bruchid resistance gene were successfully identified. A total of four closely linked RAPDs were cloned and transformed into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) and cleaved amplified polymorphism (CAP) markers. Seven CAPs developed from the identified RAPD markers showed tighter linkage with the Br gene than the original RAPD. Through transformation of RAPDs into CAPs, codominant markers for bruchid resistance were successfully obtained. Homozygous genotypes of these PCR-based markers were estimated to contribute 85% of the variance for seed damage when the insect assay was performed under favorable growth conditions for bruchid.     

Control of alternative splicing by the differential binding of U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle.

Cellular factors controlling alternative splicing of precursor messenger RNA are largely unknown, even though this process plays a central role in specifying the diversity of proteins in the eukaryotic cell. For the identification of such factors, a segment of the rat preprotachykinin gene was used in which differential expression of neuropeptides gamma and K is dependent on alternative splicing of the fourth exon (E4). Sequence variants of the three-exon segment, (E3-E4-E5) were created, resulting in a sensitive assay for factors mediating the splicing switch between E4-skipping and E4-inclusion. A dinucleotide mutation in the 5' splice site of E4 that increase base-pairing of this site to U1 small nuclear RNA resulted in uniform selection of E4, whereas a control mutation that destroyed base-pairing resulted in uniform E4-skipping. Affinity selection of spliceosomes formed on these functionally distinct substrates revealed that the extreme difference in splicing was mediated by differential binding of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) to the 5' splice site of E4. These data show that, apart from its established role in selecting 5' splice sites, U1 snRNP plays a fundamental role in 3' exon selection and provides insight into possible mechanisms of alternative splicing.     

拟南芥AAP1基因的克隆及植物表达载体的构建

拟南芥氨基酸透性酶1(AAP1,也叫NAT1)是植物中第一个被分离的氨基酸转运蛋白,在拟南芥主根、侧根、根毛及根表皮细胞中均有增加氨基酸含量的作用。本研究利用RT-PCR的方法,从拟南芥中克隆了该基因,测序结果与GenBank(NM-104616.4)中已发表的拟南芥AAP1(AtAAP1)基因的同源性高达99.93%;并将AtAAP1基因与pCAMBIA3300构建p3300-AAP1植物表达载体,为过表达AtAAP1基因,提高作物氨基酸含量,从而改善作物氮素利用效率提供参考。     

高产田不同玉米品种养分吸收、分配及利用效应研究

以玉米高产为目标,采用大田试验方法,研究了高产管理措施下不同玉米品种对N、P、K养分的吸收、分配和利用效应。结果表明:随玉米生育进程,不同玉米品种N、P、K养分含量呈缓慢下降趋势,植株体内的养分阶段净累积量呈双峰或单峰曲线,养分累积量大小顺序为N>K>P;从全生育期来看,"丰玉4号"吸收N、K量最高,分别为275.73 kg/hm2和243.55 kg/hm2,而"京单28"吸P量最高,为50.28 kg/hm2;各器官养分分配比例随生育时期变化不大;产量以"丰玉4号"最高,为12 391.05 kg/hm2,每形成100 kg子粒所需要的氮钾养分量均以"京单28"最高,"丰玉4号"次之,"浚单20"最低;对磷的需要量仍以"京单28"最高,但"丰玉4号"和"浚单20"2品种基本相当。3品种对N、P2O5、K2O的吸收比例为1∶0.40~0.44∶0.98~1.06。     

Quality control of card web uniformity for a vertical-type cross-lapper machine. I. Dynamic system modeling and industrial controller design

This series of paper addressed the quality control of a vertical-type cross-lapper machine, which is used to produce uniform layers of fibers with suitable widths and thicknesses. The nonlinear model of the system was derived, and the corresponding state space representation was obtained. The linearized model based on the equilibrium position of the nonlinear model was generated, and the associated control property was analyzed. The high order linearized model would be reduced to a verified lower order model for control system design. The designed traditional and modern controller could make the crosslapper machine for good card web quality control.     

Water repellency and warmth retention finishes for polyester fabrics based on hybrid materials comprising zirconia,silica, and thiazole dyes prepared via sol-gel synthesis

A series of hybrid materials composed of zirconia, silica, and thiazole dyes were synthesized from zirconium npropoxide (ZNP) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) using heteroaryl 2-amino-thiazole azo dyes, and prepared via the sol-gel process. The heterocyclic 2-amino-thiazole azo dyes underwent a hydrolysis-condensation reaction with an appropriate proportion of ZNP under a catalyst, using a constant ratio of vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) and TEOS. The structures of these hybrid materials composed of zirconia/silica/thiazole dyes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. The surface morphologies of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images demonstrated the uniform dyeing of the PET fabrics, which confirmed the reaction of the hybrid materials with the PET fabrics. The water contact angle, washing fastness, color uniformity, and warmth retention of the PET fabrics dyed with the hybrid materials composed of the zirconia/silica/thiazole dyes were evaluated. The evaluation results indicated that these fabrics offered enhanced warmth retention properties and good water repellency.     

大豆铁结合蛋白基因在旱稻中的表达及铁含量分析

【目的】尝试利用转基因方法提高旱稻铁含量。【方法】采用基因枪和农杆菌转化法，将水稻胚乳特异表达的谷蛋白基因启动子GluB-1驱动下的大豆铁结合蛋白基因转入2个优良旱稻品种“旱稻297”和“旱稻277”。利用PCR、Southern杂交分析方法验证转化结果。【结果】转基因植株T1代RT-PCR证明，外源基因在种子中特异表达。T1～T3代的PCR检测证明铁结合蛋白基因已经稳定遗传。多数转基因植株T0～T3代种子中铁含量高于未转化植株，最高达到未转化对照的2倍以上。【结论】利用基因枪和农杆菌转化法可将大豆铁结合蛋白基因导入旱稻基因组中，并使转基因稻米铁含量增高。     

Dynamic modeling of dry non-woven fabric roller carding and control of web density uniformity. I. Precisely industrial controller design

This series of paper discussed the dynamic modeling of non-woven fabric roller carding and the control of web density uniformity. The dynamic system of dry non-woven fabric roller carding was set up to analyze the dynamic model; then in the process of derivation, theoretical exploration and studies were carried out on one carding unit in the system, consisting of cylinder, worker roller, stripper roller. After that, we probed into the relation between rotation angle and angular velocity of carding unit, and analyzed the time-delay of carding unit. With Pade approximation, the time-delay was taken as the simplification of the system model. The above conditions were utilized to derive the transfer function of carding unit and it was extended to the dry non-woven fabric roller carding system combining four of carding units, feed roller, take-in and doffer in series to obtain the transfer function of this whole system. After confirmed by the designed controller, the system was obviously improved in its tracking property. The steady-state error was also eliminated. Meanwhile, with the participation of the controller, this system might produce the maximum overshoot during its transient response. Therefore, this research regulated the reference input according to the designed dominant poles. This combination scheme effectively control the occurrence of the maximum overshoot and make for good system objectives.     

Optimization of the processing conditions and prediction of the quality for dyeing nylon and lycra blended fabrics

This paper is intended to determine the optimal processing parameters applied to the dyeing procedure so that the desired color strength of a raw fabric can be achieved. Moreover, the processing parameters are also used for constructing a system to predict the fabric quality. The fabric selected is the nylon and Lycra blend. The dyestuff used for dyeing is acid dyestuff and the dyeing method is one-bath-two-section. The Taguchi quality method is applied for parameter design. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is applied to arrange the optimal condition, significant factors and the percentage contributions. In the experiment, according to the target value, a confirmation experiment is conducted to evaluate the reliability. Furthermore, the genetic algorithm (GA) is combined with the back propagation neural network (BPNN) in order to establish the forecasting system for searching the best connecting weights of BPNN. It can be shown that this combination not only enhances the efficiency of the learning algorithm, but also decreases the dependency of the initial condition during the network training. Most of all, the robustness of the learning algorithm will be increased and the quality characteristic of fabric will be precisely predicted.