从高校学生现状谈思想政治工作迫切性

为了尽快培养一批在思想道德和业务能力上都能适应现代化要求的合格人才,在分析目前高校学生思想问题的基础上,对大学生思想政治教育的思路和对策进行了探讨,认为高校思想政治工作者应树立一种时不我待的时代紧迫感,调整思路,确立思想政治工作前瞻意识,确立思想政治工作信息意识,树立必胜的信念,强化思想政治工作者自身本领,以适应新时期国家对高校思想政治工作的要求。     

福建省年降水时空变化特征

基于1961-2010年福建省64个县域气象观测站的降水数据,采用趋势分析、回归分析、EOF分解和REOF分解等方法,分析了福建省年平均降水的时空变化特征．结果表明,1961—2010年,福建省年平均降水量呈增长趋势,趋势系数为0．178,回归系数为2．866mm·a-1．福建省的年降水从空间上主要可分为3个区,1区主要位于闽北和闺中地区,2区主要位于闽南和中南部沿海,3区主要位于闽东地区,其中1区的年降水量最大．     

有机食品研究进展

有机食品和绿色食品是21世纪食品行业发展的重点和热点,有机食品目前在市场上还存在许多关键问题.就有机食品的定义,标准,发展原因,国内外发展状况,存在的问题及对策进行了初步的探讨.     

新疆4个绵羊品种羊毛微量元素含量测定

利用原子吸收光谱法对羊毛中Fe、Cu、Zn、Co、S等5种微量元素含量进行了测定(国标法),探索微量元素对羊毛品质及绵羊营养状况的影响。分别采集了新疆4个不同地区4个绵羊品种共30只绵羊的体侧部羊毛,包括和田羊(纯平原型、纯山区型、新和田羊3个不同品系)、纯种卡拉库尔羊(卧蚕型、环型、肋型3个不同花型)、多浪羊、中国美利奴细型细毛羊等。结果表明:羊毛中Fe、Cu、S元素含量在不同品种之间差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01),而羊毛Zn、Co元素含量在不同品种之间差异不显著(P>0.05);与羊毛微量元素常值比较,各品种绵羊毛中Fe元素含量均较高,Cu元素含量均较低,Zn、Co、S元素含量在常值范围内;同一品种不同品系的和田羊,尽管生活在不同的县,其羊毛5种微量元素含量差异不显著(P>0.05);同一品种不同花型间卡拉库尔羊羊毛的5种元素含量差异也不显著(P>0.05)。     

Fabrication of novel multifunctional hybrid materials for PET/PA6 nonwoven fabrics finishing

A series of some novel hybrid materials prepared via a sol-gel process have been synthesized from methyltrimethoxysilane and titanium n-butoxide with heterocyclic thiazole azo dyes. Silica/titania/thiazole azo dyes hybrid materials were synthesized via a sol-gel process with a precursor system. Alternatively, the heterocyclic thiazole azo dyes were catalytically processed by means of hydrolysis-condensation reactions with appropriate amounts of a mixture of vinyltriethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, and titanium n-butoxide at a fixed molar ratio. The structure of these hybrid silica/titania/thiazole dye materials was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. The surface morphology of processed PET/PA6 nonwoven fabrics was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images showed uniform dyeing, thereby confirming the reaction of the hybrid materials with the PET/PA6 nonwoven fabrics. The water contact angle, washing fastness, color evenness, air permeability, and weatherability characteristics of the as-prepared dyed PET/PA6 nonwoven fabrics were subsequently evaluated. Results revealed improved weatherability and good water repellency. Further, it was also revealed that dyeing and finishing could be achieved in a single bath, which is advantageous to reduce processing costs.     

Antimicrobial Meroterpenoids and Erythritol Derivatives Isolated from the Marine-Algal-Derived Endophytic Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum XNM-12

One new meroterpenoid-type alkaloid, oxalicine C (1), and two new erythritol derivatives, penicierythritols A (6) and B (7), together with four known meroterpenoids (2–5), were isolated from the marine algal-derived endophytic fungus Penicillium chrysogenum XNM-12. Their planar structures were determined by means of spectroscopic analyses, including UV, 1D and 2D NMR, and HRESIMS spectra. Their stereochemical configurations were established by comparing the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra for compound 1, as well as by comparison of the optical rotations with literature data for compounds 6 and 7. Notably, oxalicine C (1) represents the first example of an oxalicine alkaloid with a cleaved α-pyrone ring, whereas penicierythritols A (6) and B (7) are the first reported from the Penicillium species. The antimicrobial activities of compounds 1–7 were evaluated. Compounds 1 and 6 exhibited moderate antibacterial effects against the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8 and 4 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 6 also possesses moderate antifungal properties against the plant pathogen Alternaria alternata with a MIC value of 8 μg/mL.     

Anti-inflammatory effects of supercritical carbon dioxide extract and its isolated carnosic acid from Rosmarinus officinalis leaves

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves possess a variety of bioactivities. Previous studies have shown that the extract of rosemary leaves from supercritical fluid extraction inhibits the expression of inflammatory mediators with apparent dose-dependent responses. In this study, three different extraction conditions (5000 psi at 40, 60, and 80 °C) of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) toward the extraction of antioxidants from rosemary were investigated. Furthermore, simultaneous comparison of the anti-inflammatory properties between rosemary extract prepared from SC-CO(2) under optimal conditions (5,000 psi and 80 °C) and its purified carnosic acid (CA) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells was also presented. Results showed that the yield of 3.92% and total phenolics of 213.5 mg/g extract obtained from the most effective extraction conditions showed a high inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation (IC(50) 33.4 μg/mL). Both the SC-CO(2) extract and CA markedly suppressed the LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), phosphorylated inhibitor-kappaB (P-IκB), and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB)/p65 in a dose-dependent manner. The five major compounds of verbenone, cirsimaritin, salvigenin, carnosol, and CA existing in the SC-CO(2) extract were isolated by semipreparative HPLC and identified by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. CA was the most abundant recorded compound and the most important photochemical with an anti-inflammatory effect with an IC(50) of 22.5 μM or 7.47 μg/mL presented to the best inhibitory activity on NO production better than that of the 14.50 μg/mL dosage prepared from the SC-CO(2) extract. Nevertheless, the effective inhibition of LPS-induced NF-κB signaling in RAW 264.7 cells from the SC-CO(2) extract extends the potential application of nutraceutical formulation for the prevention of inflammatory diseases.     

Pharmacokinetics and urine metabolite identification of dehydroevodiamine in the rat

This study investigates the oral bioavailability and characterizes urine metabolites of dehydroevodiamine (DeHE), one of the bioactive alkaloids isolated from the fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa . A freely moving rat model coupled with an automated blood sample system was used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of DeHE. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry were applied to determine DeHE and its metabolites. The averaged oral bioavailability of DeHE (100 and 500 mg/kg) in the freely moving rats was approximately 15.35%. Cumulative fecal and urinary excretions of unchanged DeHE were 6 and 0.5%, respectively, after a single oral dose (500 mg/kg) of DeHE. The protein binding of DeHE in rat plasma was 65.6 ± 6.5%. Six metabolites, including five DeHE-O-glucuronides and one DeHE-sulfate, were identified after oral administration. The structures of two glucuronide conjugates, DeHE-10-O-glucuronide (M3) and DeHE-11-O-glucuronide (M4), and one sulfate conjugate, DeHE-12-sulfate (M6), were assigned. The findings indicate that the oral bioavailability of DeHE was much higher than that of evodiamine, and hydroxylation and conjugative metabolism were essential for the urinary elimination of DeHE.     

The chalcone flavokawain B induces G2/M cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in human oral carcinoma HSC-3 cells through the intracellular ROS generation and downregulation of the Akt/p38 MAPK signaling pathway

Chalcones have been described to represent cancer chemopreventive food components that are rich in fruits and vegetables. In this study, we examined the anti-oral cancer effect of flavokawain B (FKB), a naturally occurring chalcone isolated from Alpinia pricei (shell gingers), and revealed its molecular mechanism of action. Treatment of human oral carcinoma (HSC-3) cells with FKB (1.25-10 μg/mL; 4.4-35.2 μM) inhibited cell viability and caused G(2)/M arrest through reductions in cyclin A/B1, Cdc2, and Cdc25C levels. Moreover, FKB treatment resulted in the induction of apoptosis, which was associated with DNA fragmentation, mitochondria dysfunction, cytochrome c and AIF release, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation, and Bcl-2/Bax dysregulation. Furthermore, increased Fas activity and procaspase-8, procaspase-4, and procaspase-12 cleavages were accompanied by death receptor and ER-stress, indicating the involvement of mitochondria, death-receptor, and ER-stress signaling pathways. FKB induces apoptosis through ROS generation as evidenced by the upregulation of oxidative-stress markers HO-1/Nrf2. This mechanism was further confirmed by the finding that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly blocked ROS generation and consequently inhibited FKB-induced apoptosis. Moreover, FKB downregulated the phosphorylation of Akt and p38 MAPK, while their inhibitors LY294002 and SB203580, respectively, induced G(2)/M arrest and apoptosis. The profound reduction in cell number was observed in combination treatment with FKB and Akt/p38 MAPK inhibitors, indicating that the disruption of Akt and p38 MAPK cascades plays a functional role in FKB-induced G(2)/M arrest and apoptosis in HSC-3 cells.     

Growth stimulating effect on queen bee larvae of histone deacetylase inhibitors

Royal jelly (RJ) is a widely used natural food. It is also a major source of nutrition for queen bees and plays a key role in their development. RJ is secreted from the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of young adult worker bees. The regulation of gene expression in these two glands may influence the development of queen bees by affecting the content of RJ. This study investigated the epigenetic effects in these two glands in young adult worker bees treated with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drug, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), and NBM-HD-1, a novel compound synthesized in this laboratory. Western blot analyses indicated that the levels of acetyl-histone 3 and p21 protein expression in MCF-7 cells increased markedly after treatment with NBM-HD-1. The data proved that NBM-HD-1 was a novel and potent HDACi. Furthermore, a method of affecting epigenetic regulation of the mrjp family gene in the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of young adult worker bees was developed by feeding young adult worker bees HDACi. Epigenetic regulation produced several important biological effects. A marked change in the protein composition of the RJ secreted from these treated bees was found. Only the ratio of specific major royal jelly protein 3 (MRJP3) was significantly altered in the treated bees versus the untreated controls. Other MRJP family proteins did not change. This alteration in the ratio of royal jelly proteins resulted in a significant increase in the body size of queen bee larvae. The data seem to suggest that HDACis may play an important role in the epigenetic regulation of the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of young adult worker bees. They appear to change mrjp3 gene expression and alter the ratio of MRJP3 protein in RJ. This study presents the first evidence that HDACis are capable of regulating the ratio of MRJP3 proteins in RJ, which has the potential to change the body size of queen bees during their development.